OnDifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanFamilyValuesinCrossCulturalCommunicationWord文件下载.docx

OnDifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanFamilyValuesinCrossCulturalCommunicationWord文件下载.docx

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年月日

By

Supervisor:

SubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignLanguages

inPartialFulfillmentofRequirementsfor

theDegreeofBachelorofArts

xxxxxxxUniversity

Xxx,China

May,2010

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Abstract

Familyisthebasicminiatureofthesocialeconomicactivity,anditisthebasicunitthatconstitutesthesociety.Familyvalueisthecoreintheresearchofculturalvalues,andithasdecisiveinfluenceonthebehaviorofthemembersinthefamily.Thevaluesoffamilymembershavedirecteffectonpeople’sbehaviourandthingking.Thatistosay,thevaluesofthesocietyrelyonpeople’sfamilyvaluesinalargedegree.However,duetothedifferenceofgeographicalandhistoricalbackground,religionandbelief,differentnationshavetheirownfamilyvalues.AclearanddirectcontrastbetweenChineseandAmericanfamilyvaluescanbridgeovertheircommunicationgap.Asaresult,peoplestarttoacknowledgetheexistenceofthetwodifferentfamilyvalues,graduallygetfamiliarwiththem,admitthemandthenfinallymelt.

Thepaperanalyzesfamilyvaluesfromthefollowingaspectsincludingfilialpiety,marriageandfamilyeducation.Chapteroneistheintroductionwhichstudiesthebackgroundoftheresearchonfamilyvaluesincludingpresentstudiesathomeandabroad,maincontentsandobjectivesofthispaper.Chaptertwomanifeststhedefinitionsoffamily,values,andChineseandAmericanfamilyvalues.Thepaperelaboratesdifferentattitudestowardsfilialpiety,marriageandfamilyeducationinChapterthree.Chapterfouranalyzesthereasonsforthedifferencesfromthreeaspectsincludinggeography,historyandbelief.ThenconclusioninChapterfour,whichtellsthecontentsbriefly,putsforwardhowtoerectcorrectconceptsaboutfamilyvalues.ThisarticleaimsatshowingsomedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanfamilyvalues,benefitingpeople’sunderstandingunderthecontextofglobalization,thusincaseofmistakesincross-culturalcommunication,itisofgreatsignificance.

Keywords:

familyvalues;

filialpiety;

marriage;

familyeducation;

reason

摘要

家庭是社会经济活动的缩影，是社会组成的最基本的单位。

家庭价值观是文化价值研究体系的核心，它对家庭成员的行为起着决定性的作用。

家庭成员的价值观念直接影响着他们在社会中的言语和行为，也就是说整个社会的价值观很大程度上取决于家庭价值观，但是，由于地理、历史背景、宗教信仰的不同，不同的民族有不同的家庭价值观。

本论文通过比较性探讨，在两种截然不同的家庭价值观之间架起了一座沟通的桥梁，使人们了解存在的两种不同的家庭价值观，逐渐熟悉、接受，最后慢慢交融贯通。

文章从家庭价值观所涉及的范畴，孝道、婚姻、家庭教育等方面作了如下分析，第一章是绪论，主要研究家庭价值观的背景，其中包括国内外的研究现状、本文主要内容及意义。

第二章简述了家庭，价值观以及中美家庭价值观的定义。

第三章介绍中美对孝道，婚姻，家庭教育的不同理解和观点。

第四章从地理、历史、信仰三个角度分析造成中美家庭价值观差异的原因。

最后一章结论，简述研究的内容，提出如何树立正确的家庭价值观。

对中美家庭价值观的差异进行比较分析，目的是帮助人们在跨文化环境下对其进一步了解，避免在交际过程中产生失误，其意义深远重大。

关键词：

家庭价值观；

孝道；

教育；

婚姻；

成因

Contents

2.1DefinitionofFamily3

Chapter1Introduction

Thereisaconsensusthatfamily,thebasicunitofasociety,reflectsthecivilizationandprosperityofanation.Fromthemacroangle,individualvaluesstemfromthesociety,whilefrommicroangle,theyoriginatemorefromthefamily.Familyvaluesarethecoreofculturalvalues,aswellasthedeepestlevelofconceptsinculturalvaluesystem.Therefore,aninterpretationoffamilyvaluesisofgreatsignificanceincross-culturalenvironment.Itcanhelppeoplefromdifferentcountrieswithdifferentculturestounderstandeachother’sculture;

therefore,tofacilitatetheircommunication.

Inrecentyears,manyresearchersdevotethemselvestotheresearchofcross-culturalcommunication.ItishotbecausethereareindeedinvisiblebarriersbetweenChineseandAmericancultureswhichobstructsmoothcommunication.VarioustheoriesandpracticesconcerningfamilyvaluesappearinChina,suchasfamilyeducationinChinaandAmerica,comparativestudybetweenChineseandAmericanmaritalstatus,butonlyafewaretoconductacomprehensivecomparisonoffamilyvalues,andananalysisofthereasonsforthedifferences.InAmericanvalues--aChineseScholar’sStudy,writtenbyZhuYongTao,throughthecontrastbetweenChineseandAmericanfamilyvalues,thedifferencesbetweentheirbehaviorsandthoughtsareanalyzedcomprehensively.LawrenceStone,Anglo-Americanhistorian,hasdoneacomprehensiveanalysisandstudyoffamilyvaluesfromahistoricalpointofview.SociologicalresearchscholarWeiZhangLing’sComparisonofFamilyValuesinChinaandinAmericafocusesonthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofChineseandAmericanfamilyvaluesaswellastheirsocialandculturalroots.

Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,theprocessofinformationrevolutionandthetrendofglobaleconomicintegration,theworld’slargesteconomicentity--Americaandtheworld’slargestdevelopingcountry--Chinahavebeengongonclosecross-culturalcommunication.ChinaisatypicalrepresentativeofOrientalculture,whileAmericaisafusionofWesternculture,sothetwodifferentculturalentitiesaresuretoembodytwodifferentculturalvalues.Chineseconsidercollectivismasthecore;

andtheybelieveindividualinterestshouldbesubordinatedtocollectiveinterests.However,Americansemphasizeindividualism,stressingthatpersonalinterestisaboveeverythingelse.ChineseandAmericanfamiliesareindifferentculturalenvironments;

therefore,theyaresubjecttodifferentculturalvalues,andasaresulttherearedifferentfamilyvalues.Acomparativestudyofcross-culturalvaluesofdifferentregionswillundoubtedlyspeeduptheeconomicandculturalprocess.

ThispapertriestomakeacontrastivestudybetweenfamilyvaluesinChinaandinAmerica,includingfilialpiety,marriage,andfamilyeducation,aswellasananalysisofthereasonsforthedifferences.Itisbeneficialtoimprovecapabilitiesincross-culturalcommunication.Withthecurrentdevelopmentofeconomicandculturalglobalization,theresearchcanundoubtedlyhelppeople’sfurtherunderstandingofothercountry’sfamilyvalues;

therefore,avoidcommunicationerrorsgeneratedintheprocess.Allinall,thestudyhasprofoundsignificanceincross-culturalcommunication.

Chapter2DefinitionsofFamily,ValuesandFamilyValues

2.1DefinitionofFamily

Traditionallyspeaking,familyshouldbedefinedasagroupofpeoplerelatedbyblood,marriageoradoption,livingtogether,toformeconomicties,tofertilizeandtobringupchildren.Accordingtothisidea,familiesformthecontinuationthroughchild-rearing.“Familyisthebasicunitofasociety;

itisverymuchlikeamirror,reflectingthesociety’sculturalcharacteristics,moralbeliefs,economicandpoliticalrelationsandothersocialproblems.”[1]

Differentculturescreatedifferentfamilies,whichatthesametimecausedifferentconceptsoffamilies.Consequently,thedifferentconceptsoffamilybetweenChinaandAmericaareascribedtodifferentculturalcontextsinthetwocountries.Culturaltraditionsandfamilyvaluesvaryfromcountrytocountry;

therefore,tounderstandthehistoricaldevelopmentofChineseandAmericanfamilies,thebasicmodel,andtherelationshipamongthefamilymemberswill,undoubtedly,helpthosewhoareinvolvedincross-culturalcommunication.

2.2DefinitionofValues

Values,unlikemoralswhichareindividualfrompersontoperson,arethebeliefsofagroupofpeoplesharedasawhole.Theyareanintegralpartofeveryculturewhichsharesacommoncoresetofvalues.Theycreateexpectationsandpredictabilitywithoutwhichaculturewoulddisintegrateandtheirmemberswouldlosetheirpersonalidentityandsenseofworth.Valuestellpeoplewhatisgood,beneficial,important,useful,beautiful,desirableandappropriate.Theyanswerthequestionsofwhatpeopledoandwhytheydoso;

theyhelppeoplesolvecommonhumanproblemsforsurvival.Gradually,theybecometherootsoftraditionsandgroupsofpeoplefindimportanceintheirdailylives.Ononehand,valuescanbepositiveornegative;

ontheotherhand,theycanbedestructive.Thereforeinordertounderstandpeopleandtheirculture,wemustcometounderstandthevaluesandbeliefsthatmotivatetheirbehaviors.

2.3DefinitionofFamilyValues

Generallyspeaking,familyvalues,asthecoreofthevaluesystem,notonlyrefertothefamilymembers’normofbehaviorsbutalsoastandardofmeasuringthenormofconducts.Asfamilyvaluespenetrateeveryfamily’sdailylife,theyrefertovaluesthatbothparentsandchildreninafamilyshouldcomplywith.“Weknowthatthemostbasicrelationshipinafamilyismaritalrelationship,kinship,affinity,anditalsoincludestheaffectionalandeconomicrelationshipgeneratedfromthosebasicrelationships,soeducation,religion,faithandfamilyfinancialburden-sharingareallincludedinthefamilyvalues.”[2]Inaddition,familyvaluesarepoliticalandsocialbeliefsthatholdtheNuclearfamilytobetheessentialethicalandmoralunitofasociety,andtheyareconsideredasanimportantpartofacountry’straditionalculturalvalues

“Everyhumangroupneedsnotonlytoadjusttothenaturalworldbutalsodecideandorderrelationshipsamongmembersofthegroup,”[3]（Davis,2001:

187）.Becauseoftheinfluenceofculturalcontext,therelationshipsamongmembersofthegroupandthefamilyvaluesinChinaandAmericaarecompletelydifferent.Thatis,ChinesepeopleadvocatecollectivismwhileAmericanspropagateindividualism.

2.3.1ThedecisivefamilyvalueofChina:

collectivism

Collectivismisthefoundationoftheexistenceofindividuals.Thatmeans