The Comparative Study of Privacy between China and Western Countries中西隐私问题对比研究.docx

The Comparative Study of Privacy between China and Western Countries中西隐私问题对比研究.docx

《The Comparative Study of Privacy between China and Western Countries中西隐私问题对比研究.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《The Comparative Study of Privacy between China and Western Countries中西隐私问题对比研究.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

TheComparativeStudyofPrivacybetweenChinaandWesternCountries中西隐私问题对比研究

TheComparativeStudyofPrivacybetweenChinaandWesternCountries

　Abstract　

Withthedeepeningofglobaleconomicintegration,thefieldofinterculturalcommunicationgraduallyextendstoallaspectsofsociallife.Duetodifferenthistoryandculturaltraditionsandsocialcustomsincountriesandethnic,interculturalcommunicationisfacingalotofcommunicationbarriers.Forprivacyissue,ChinaandEnglish-speakingcountrieshavedifferentperception,thusitishardtoignoreitininterculturalcommunication.　

Withtheintroductionofgroupprivacyviewandindividualprivacyviewobservedbydifferentcultures,thispapercomparesthespecificmanifestationofthesetwodifferentprivacyviewinverbal,nonverbalandotherbehaviors.Verbalbehaviorsincludesthegreeting,ageandincome.Nonverbalbehaviorsincludesthedifferenceinspaceandtime.Otherbehaviorsincludescorrespondence,hospital,publicareaandpersonalemotion.　

BasedonacollectionoftheoreticalresultsoftheChineseandWesternprivacyresearchandexplorationofthereasonsbehindprivacyissues,thisstudyprovidethereferenceandideasforavoidingthecommunicationconflicts.　

Keywords:

privacy;interculturalcommunication;Chineseandwesternculture　

摘要　

随着全球经济一体化程度的加深，跨文化交际的领域也开始逐步扩展到社会生活的方方面面。

可是由于不同国家和民族之间不同的历史文化传统和社会习俗，跨文化交际面临着许多交际障碍。

隐私问题在中西方文化中差异甚大。

对于强调个人隐私的西方文化和强调集体隐私的中国文化，隐私问题已经成为中西方文化交流中一个难以忽视的交际障碍。

本文通过了对群体隐私观和个体隐私观的引入，对比这两种不同的隐私观在言语行为，非言语行为以及其他行为下的具体表现。

言语行为包括问候语、年龄、收入上的不同，非言语行为包括时间空间上的不同，其他行为则涵盖了信件，医院，公共场合以及个人感情的不同。

最后通过探究中西方隐私问题背后的原因，为交际的顺利进行提供可参考的意见和建议。

关键词：

隐私；跨文件交际；中西方文化　

Contents　　

Abstract……..........................……………….……………………………….....………….............................i　

摘要……………….……….....…………………………………………………....……………...................ii　

I．Introduction1　

II.AnOverviewofStudiesonPrivacy3　

2.1GeneralConceptionofPrivacy3　

2.2StudiesonPrivacy4　

2.2.1StudiesonPrivacyinChina4　　

2.2.2StudiesonPrivacyinWesternCountries5　

2.3PrivacyandInterculturalCommunication6　　　

2.3.1InterculturalCommunication6　

2.3.2PrivacyinInterculturalCommunication7　

III.DifferencesinPrivacybetweenChinaandWesternCountries8　　　

3.1ViewsonPrivacy8　　　

3.2PrivacyinVerbalBehaviors9　

3.2.1PrivacyinGreetings9　

3.2.2PrivacyinIncome10　　

3.2.3PrivacyinAge10　

3.3PrivacyinNonverbalBehaviors11　　　

3.3.1PrivacyinSpace11　　　

3.3.2PrivacyinTime12　　

3.4PrivacyinOtherBehaviors13　　　

3.4.1PrivacyinCorrespondence13　　　

3.4.2PrivacyinHospital13　　　

3.4.3PrivacyinPublicArea14　　

3.4.4PrivacyinEmotion14　

IV.ReasonsfortheDifferentPrivacyViewbetweenChinaandWesternCountries15　　　

4.1CollectivismandIndividualism15　　

4.2HighContextCultureandLowContextCulture16　

4.3AgriculturalCultureandIndustrialCulture16　

V.Conclusion18　

Bibliography19　

Acknowledgments20　

I．Introduction　

Personallifehasbeenchangedalotwiththethepopularizationofglobalization,thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationtechnologyandtheincreasingdiversityofmedianetworks.Interculturalcommunicationarebecomingincreasinglyfrequent.Atthesametime,culturaldifferencesbreedalargenumberofcommunicationerrors,barriersandconflictssothatpeople'spsychologicaldistanceisgrowingfasterandfaster.Themainreasonisnotjusttheinterestsandterritorycompetitionorpoliticalandideologicaldifferences,butmoreisthehugegapinthecultureandvalues.Forthisreason,privacyasanimportantpartintheinterculturalcommunicationhasoftenbringaboutcommunicationbarriers.Differencesingeographicregions,historicaltraditions,socialcustoms,values,specificculturalbackground,andwaysofthinkingmakecontributiontothedifferenceofprivacyviewbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesaswellaspotentialobstaclestointerculturalcommunication,inefficientcommunicationandmisunderstanding.Therefore,thestudyonthedifferenceofprivacyviewbetweenChinaandwesterncountriescanminimizeavarietyofcommunicationbarriersandunnecessarymisunderstandingsininterculturalcommunication.　　

Thewholethesisisorganizedasfollows:

Thefirstpartisanintroductionwhichstatesthereasonandpurposeofprivacystudyininterculturalcommunication.Andthemaincontentofthewholethesisisbrieflyintroduced.　　　

Thesecondpartisanoverviewofstudiesonprivacy.Apartfromthegeneralconceptofprivacy,thispaperintroducesseparatelythedifferentdefinitionsandresearchresultsofprivacyinChinaandwesterncountries.Meanwhile,thefollowingparagraphmainlyelaboratessomebasicconceptsofinterculturalcommunicationaswellasthegreatinfluenceofprivacystudyontheInterculturalCommunication.　　

ThethirdpartprovidesthedetailedanalysisofdifferencesexistinginprivacyviewbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesandthoseinverbalbehaviors,nonverbalbehaviorsandotherbehaviors.　

Thefourthpartinvestigatesthepossiblecausesfordifferentprivacyperceptions.　

Thefifthpartisaconclusivepart,whichsummarizesthecontentofwholethesisandconcludesthemainfindingsofthisstudy.Meanwhile,itputsforwardsomesuggestionsforlubricatinginterculturalcommunicationinvolvedprivacyissue.　　　

II.AnOverviewofStudiesonPrivacy　　

Thetermprivacyhasbeenexperiencingaverylongprocessofthechangeindefinitionsandconnotationfordifferentcountrieswithdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Inamodernsocietycharacterizedwithfrequentandconvenientinterculturalcommunication,privacycertainlyownssomenewfeatures.　　

2.1GeneralConceptionofPrivacy　

Generallyspeaking,privacyistheabilityofanindividualorgrouptosecludethemselvesorinformationaboutthemselvesandtherebyrevealthemselvesselectively.Theboundariesandcontentofwhatisconsideredprivatedifferamongculturesandindividuals,butsharebasiccommonthemes.Therefore,privacyhasdifferentmeaningamongcountrieswithdifferentvaluesandcustoms.ThepaperfocusesonthedifferenceinChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries.　

Thebasicfeaturesofprivacycanbedividedintotwodifferentparts.First,itischaracterizedwithbothobjectivityandsubjectivity.Objectivityreferstothattheprivacyisakindofrealexistenceandneverbetransferredbypeople'smind.Subjectivitymeansthattheattitudetowardsprivacycouldbevariedwithdifferentpeople.Aslongassomeonewanttohidesomeprivateinformation,privacyconceptwillbeestablished.Sincethestandardofprivacyisuncertain,individual'sattitudeaffectthedefinitionofprivacy.Second,itspurposeandparadox.Forthedifferentgroupofpeople,individualwillchooseappropriategrouptodisclosetheprivacy.Meanwhile,inspiteofprotectingtheprivacy,peoplealsohavethepsychologicalneedtokeepintouchwithothersinthesocialnetworks,　　　

Inspecific,privacymaybedividedintofourcategories

（1）Physical:

restrictiononotherstoexperienceapersonorsituationthroughoneormoreofthehumansenses;

（2）Informational:

restrictiononsearchingfororrevealingfactsthatareunknownorunknowabletoothers;（3）Decisional:

restrictiononinterferingindecisionsthatareexclusivetoanentity;（4）Dispositional:

restrictiononattemptstoknowanindividual'sstateofmind.Ingeneral,therighttobefreefromsecretsurveillanceandtodeterminewhether,when,how,andtowhom,one'spersonalororganizationalinformationistoberevealed（Alan1970）.　

2.2StudiesonPrivacy　　　

2.2.1StudiesonPrivacyinChina　　　

Thename"privacy"couldbeparaphrasedastheword"yinsi"inChineseundersomecircumstances.Actually,Chinadoesn'thavethetotallyequalconceptionofprivacy.AccordingtotheModernChinesedictionary,"yinsi"means“thepersonalinformationthatareintendednottotellothersandjustkeptsecret”.Intraditionalview,Chinesecultureemphasizesmoreonindividual'sobligationratherthanthepersonalright,so"yinsi"oftenconveyakindofnegativemeaningonthesocialpublicoccasion.　　　

"yinsi"firstenteredtheChineselanguageintheearlytimesofZhoudynasty,butitreferredtothecoveringsofbody---clothes.InancientChineseevolutionaryhistory,"yinsi"isthemostsignificantfeaturedifferingfromthebarbarianandanimal.However,astimewentby,"yinsi"wasregardedasthesexualorgansofhumansbody,whichcannotcorrespondwithChinesetraditionalvalues,sotheword"yinsi"graduallydisappearedinChineseculturalcontext.Untilrecently,fromthe1990s,someleadingexpertsincivillawinChinabegantodeveloptheirowndefinitionofprivacy,especiallytheprivacyright.ProfessorTongwrote:

"therighttoprivacy,alsocalledtherighttoprivatelife,isarightofpersonalityunderwhichanyinterferencebyotherswithcitizens'secretsandlibertyofpersonallifeisprohibited”（Tongp.487）.In1994,Wang,anotherfamouscivillawresearcher,concludedthiskindofconceptionbasedontheexistingprivacynotion:

"privacyisarightofpersonality,enjoyedbyanaturalperson,underwhichhecandisposeofallpersonalinformation,privateactivitiesandprivateareaswhichbelongonlytothepersonandhavenorelationtopublicinterest"（Wangp.487）　　　

2.2.2StudiesonPrivacyinWesternCountries　　

Theword"privacy"comesfromLatinlanguage.Itmeansthatindividualstrytogetawayfrompubliclifeandresignfromoffice.IndifferentcontextinEnglish,privacyhasthefollowingsynonyms:

individual,personal,familiar,family,domestic,secret,confident