比较中西方身势语在沟通中的应用.docx

比较中西方身势语在沟通中的应用.docx

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比较中西方身势语在沟通中的应用

比较中西方身势语在沟通中的应用

Ⅰ.Introduction

Whenpeoplespeakofthecommunicarion,firsttheywillthinkofthelanguage,whichistheverbalbehavior.Theverbalbehaviorisaprocessrelyingonthelanguageinstrument,includingtext（writtenlanguages）andverbal（orallanguage）tocarrythroughcommuniondeliveringideaandtransferringinformation.Languageisanimportanttoolofhumancommunication,butitisnottheonlytoolofcommunication.Infact,inadditiontolanguage,thereisamoreabundantcontentofthemeansofcommunicationthatisnon-verbal.Thenon-verbalcommunicationisthelanguageofalltheactsofcommunication,itisveryfrequentinthefrequencyofdailylife.Asmile,alook,andagesturebelongtobenon-verbalbahavior（huang,2003:

16）.Itisdifficulttofancyandcannotbeprocessedthatthecommunicationbetweenthepeoplejustdependonwordswithoutanyaccompanyinggesturesorpostures.That,atleast,isnotasufficientcommunication.Itisimpossibilitynottohavetheverbalbehaviorinhuman’scommunication,butthenon-verbalcommunicationgoeswiththeverbalcommunication.Bothofthemformedthecompleteprocessofcommunicationandalsohavetheirownfeaturesandfunctions.Non-verbalcommunicationcanrepresentpeople’spsychologicalactivitiesrichlyandaccurately.

Asthemaincomponentofnon-verbalcommunication,bodtlanguagehasitsowntrait,effect,andfunction.Itmustcomplywiththe“principlesofcooperation”justasverbalcommunication（Yang,1994:

16）.

Ⅱ.TheDefinitionandImportanceofBodyLanguage

2．1DefinitionofBodyLanguage

Bodylanguageisnotalanguageinthestrictsenseoftheword“language”.“Bodylanguage”isexpressinghowonefeelsbyone’ssitting,standing,moving,etc,ratherbywords（OxfordAdvancedLearnersEnglish-ChineseDictionary,1997）.

2．2TheImportanceofBodyLanguage

Humansociety’slonghistoricalevolutionconfirmedthatlaborplayedadecisiveroleinthecourseofhuman’sevolution.Atbeginning,humanancestorsrelyonallsortsofgesturesandposturesformutualcoordinationandcommunicate.Sobodylanguageisactuallythemostprimitiveinstrumentofcommunication.Thephoniclanguageisgraduallydevelopedwiththecontinuousdeepeningofcommunication.Humangraduallylearnedverbalcommunicationafterafar-flungnonverbalcommunication.Thisshowsthatthenon-verbalcommunicationcameintobeingearlierthanverbalcommunication,itistheoriginandbaseofverbalcommunication,bodylanguageistheearliestcommunicationtoolofhuman.

Ⅲ.TheRoleofBodyLanguageinCommunication

Speakingofthehumanity,eachpersoncanexpressourinnermostfeelingsthroughtthebodytheidea,butWest’sexpressionalsodiffersfrom.Forinstancewesplitoutrentacar,wecanusetheentirepalmofthehandtosummon,buttheweaternerissurelyisstretchesoutthethumbtosummon,butalsohasusandotherskississurelytherelationalnotcommonfriendandthefamilymember,butwesterner’skissonlyisandthefriendgreets.

3．4ToDenoteSocialRelationsPeoplewhocommunicatewiththeotheronehavedifferentidentity,status,seniorityandsex,sotherearesomedifferencesinthebodylanguagetheyused.Therefore,thesocialrelationsbetweenthemcanbereflectedbytheirbodylanguage.Asmileandshakinghandswiththeinitiativearethecommonlyusedbodylanguagewhentheyfirstmeetsomebody.Butthatisnotsuitabletostretchoutinitiativewhenmeetingapersonwhohasstatusthatismuchhigherthanyou.Nootherthanthepersonoffershishand,youcanbeapproachedtoshakehands.Thepeoplewhoaremorefamiliaroftenholdeachother’shandsaftershakinghands.Butmostwomendonotshakehandswhenregardingwitheachother,theydrawtheirfingerstogetherlightly.InEuropeandtheUnitedStatespeopleoftenusekissingceremony.Theformandplaceofkissingisdifferentbecausestatusandlongevityisdifferent.

ThewaywhichbutwhenChina’sverymanyplaces,themajoritypeoplemeetgreetsallareshakehand,certainly,alsohassomeyoungpeoplerunsintotheveryfamiliarfriendperhapsfamilymember’stime,canusethehugthewaytocomebiggreeting.

Ⅳ.TheCharacteristicsandtheReasonforDifferenceofBodyLanguageBetweenWesternandChinese4．1TheCharacteristicsofBodyxxxxy

Onemeaningcanbeshownbymorethantwobodylanguages.Forinstance,gesturesofshakinghands,nodding,orraisehandcanshowgreeting.Lookslikeusmeetstheacquaintancethetimewetobeabletoshakehand,inustosomematterexpressedsatisfactorytimewecannod,atnotsatisfactorytimecanshaketheheadandsoon.

xxxxbolicThesymboliccharacteristicisanimportantsignfordistinguishingthebodylanguageandbodyphysiologicalactions.Althoughbodylanguagehasthesamephysicalattributeasbodymovements,butbodylanguageexpressesanuniqueideainsomelanguagecondition,itisdoingsomecommunicate.Inpeople’sdailylife,bodylanguagenotonlycanexpressavarietyoffrondoseemotions,butalsocanexpressvariouskindsofunderstandordon’tcare,powerless;Knockingonthetablashowsangry,warningorimpatient.Numerousfactshaveshownthatasanon-verbalcommunicationsymbols,bodylanguageisakeylinkinthecommunicationspeakofcommunicationsymbolssystemandtheimportantpartofpurportsystem.

4.1.4CulturalDifferenceRoundor“OK”hasbeenwidelyusedintheUnitedStates,butonthe“OK”meaning,therearesomanydifferentviews.

Themeaningof“OK”isallthesameinalloftheEnglish-speakingcountries.However,afteritquicklyexpandedtoEuropeandAsia,themeaningchanged.Forexample,inFrance,itdenoted“zero”or“nothing”;inJapan,ithasthemeaningof“money”;insomeMediterraneancountries,itisoftenusedtoexpressthatthemaleisahomosexual.

Thisshowthatbodylanguagehasastrongculturalidentity.Inadifferentcultureitshouldhaveadifferentunderstandingofbodylanguage;somedifferentbodylanguagecanexpressthesamemeanings.Someofthesamebodylanguageindicateddifferentsignificanceorconcept;itaffectstheeffectofcommunicationandevencanmakethemisapprehensionandconflictofcross-culturalcommunicationifwecannotunderstandthespecialmeaningofthenonverbalsignofcommunication.Thisisalsoembodimentofthedialecticalrelationshipbetweennonverbalcommunicationandculturedifference.Infact,inthesamecommunitybosom,theculture,societystatusandevendifferenceofoccupationallhaveadistinctnessembodimentbybodylanguage.

4．2TheReasonforDifferenceofBodyLanguageBetweenWesternandChina4.2.1TheDifferenceoftheTraditionalCultureThedifferenceofthetraditionalculturalinthedifferencharacteristics.Historiansconsideredthatcultureistheentireformofmovementofanation.ChinaandWesterncountrieshavetheirowndifferentsocialsoilandculturalatmosphere.Theyhavetheirownlonghistoryofindependentdevelopmentandspecialspace,andeachofthemhasitsowndistinctethniccharacteristics.Bodylanguagereflectsthecharacteristicsofanation,itnotonlyincludesthenation’shistoricalandculturalbackground,italsocontainstheattitudeforlifeofthenation;itisaconcretemanifestationofpeople’slifestyleandwayofthinking.Chinesecivilizationsystemisaccuratelycalled“Chineseculturalcircle”,peoplecallit“circle”meansthatitstaysinanobdurateandself-sufficiencystatusforlengthymillenniumbecauseofthegeographicalfactorsandprofoundinfluenceofConfucianthought.Intheinward-looking“circle”,theChinesepeoplecameintobeingarespectedfamily-centeredculturesystem.Lookingbackoverhistory,theirhomesare“Siheyuan”;theboardis“cubiccity”,andhasthegreatwall.Itfashionsafamily-stylecountry,itadvocates“reunification”,pursuing“cooperation”,likelivingtogether.Thestronglyfamilyconceptiaverydim.Althoughtheyalsosay:

“East,west,homeisbest”.Butwhattheyexpressisprobablyakindof“maritimecivilization”and“nomadicthatisoutwardexpansionandlateralextension,gototheouterworldistheonlywayfortheirsurvivalanddevelopment.Therefore,occidentalpursueakindofautocephaly,outward“ontheroad”spirit,itengendersakindof“discrete”actionmode.ThisculturaldifferencehasclearlyreflectedintheirbodylanguagebetweenChinaandtheWest.Forexample,weaternpeoplecan’tdothis,iftheyhavetocrowedsitinthenarrownessspace,theywilluse“specialskills”----theywillneverseethepeoplewhotooclosedtothemandneverhaveanybrow.

4.2.2DifferentEthnicCharacterTraits

Thenationcharacterisacomparativelyjarlesscharacteristicthatisformedintheprocessofalonghistoryofculturaldevelopment.Thischaracteristicislikeabrightbrand.Itmakeseachnationhavetheirowncharacteristicanddifferentiationwitheachother.ThereisahugecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternethniccharactertraits,sotheirbodylanguageisalsodifferent.Chinaisaproprietiescountrythathasalonghistory,itisacountrythatthefeudalismcentralizationofstatepowerpatternandthetraditionprincipalpartculturearemostfixednessandcontinuethelongest.ItmakeChinese’sethniccharactertraitscareful,modest,followcrowd,continence,andthinkalotofceremony,ethic,andexpressionconnotationandsoon.InWesterncountriesbecauseofmoreupgrowthgeographicaltraffic,differentracesinbreakandsocialstatusmakethewesternsaboundinadventure,upholdautocephalyandpeace,extroversion,assuredness,candorandvoluntaries.Twodifferentcharactertraitsbringontwodifferentbodylanguages.WesternmaybeputtingChina’smodest,connot