名词冠词数词代词介词.docx
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名词冠词数词代词介词
名词
名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:
water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点:
1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语
eg.Thereisbreadonthetable.[C]
A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many
Thereissomeontheplate.[B]
A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化:
man—men;woman—women;child—children
policeman—policemen
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet;tooth—teethmouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1)s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]
2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾力口s
eg.boxesjbksiz]blouses[blauziz]_
3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]
eg.knives[naivz]
4)“辅+y”结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]
5)一般加s浊就浊[z]
eg.books[buks]_pens[penz]babies[beibiz]_
但注意以下几点:
1potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes
2单复同形:
fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese
3由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
mandoctor—mendoctors
4reef—reefs
5“某国人”的复数:
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面.eg.
German-Germans
6people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepoliceare_
lookingforthemissingboy.
3、名词所有格:
名词’s(意思是“……的”)
A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“'s”但注意:
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
LucyandLily'sfather露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy'sandLily'sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲
2)以s结尾的词只加“’”
eg.1)theboys'books2)James'father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg.thelegofthedesk
4)双重所有格:
afriendofmyfather's
afriendofmine(V)afriendofmy(
练习
一、写出下列词的复数
1.book2.bus3.orange
4.baby5.boy6.my
7.his8.knife9.watch
1O.sheep11.tooth12.leaf
13.German14.Chinese
二、选择正确的答案
()1.—Arethose?
---No,theyaren't.They're.
A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow
C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows
()2.Mum,I'mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme_
A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange
C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges
()3」havegotnewsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygoodB.any
C.apieceofD.twopieces
()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.
A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily's
C.Lucy'sandLilyD.Lucy'sandLily's
()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesatohisoffice.
A.20minutes'walkB.20minute'swalk
C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk
()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim.
A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan
C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen
()7.JackandTomare.
A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend
C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend
()8.It'sonlyabouttenwalktothenearestpostoffice.
A.minutesB.minute'sC.minutes'D.minute
()9.Heoftenhasforbreakfast.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreads
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo.They'reverybright.
A.childsB.childC.children'sD.children
()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim's.
A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths'holiday
C.two-monthholidayD.twomonth'sholidays()12.Iwon'tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotofto
do.
A.worksB.jobC.workD.working
()13.LiLeiisafriendof___.
A.IsisterB.mysister's
C.mesisterD.mysisterof()14.Haveyouread?
A.today'sB.todaypaper
C.thetoday'spaperD.today'spaper()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?
A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes
()16.Manyhavebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.
A.factorysB.factories
C.factoryesD.factorys
()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.
A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.
A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices
()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.
A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes
()20.lnourschooltherearefifty-five.
A.womenteachersB.womanteachers
C.womenteacherD.woman'steacher
()21.Thethreewillbeputintoprison.
A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs
练习答案:
1.books2.buses3.oranges
4.babies5.boys6.our
7.their8.knives9.watches
10.sheep11.teeth12.leaves
13.Germans14.Chinese
、
I——5ABCBD6—10AACCD
II—15CCBDA16—21BCBCAC
冠词
初中英语复习专辑
(2)
1、不定冠词a,an
a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abook
au_sefulbooka“u”
[ju:
sful][ju:
]_an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anapple
anhouran“F”
[au■)][ef]
2、定冠词the
1)特指某人/某物
Thebookonthedeskismine.
2)世上独一无二的事物前
thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky
3)形、副最高级及序数词前
Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.
(但当这些词前已有其他限定词,如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时,则不能再用the)
HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.
4)the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。
theGreens
林一家/格林夫妇
3、不用冠词的几种情况:
1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词
2)学科名词前
3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:
①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)
1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.
2)playtheviolin/piano
()1.Thereis“s”inword“bus”.
A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a
()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan'tdropit,Ithink.
A.anB.aC.theD./
()3.badweatheritis!
A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What
()4.—Whatcoloris___orange?
--It's
orange.
A.an;anB.
an;theC.an;/D./;an
()5.Mr.Liis
oldworker.
A.anB.a
C.someD./
()6.Lookat_
___picture!
There's__
__houseinit
A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a
()7.Onemorninghefound____handbag.Therewas___“s”
onthecornerof___handbag.
A.a;an;theB.a;a;the
C.a;a;aD.the;an;a
()8.What___interestingstoryitis!
A.aB.anC.theD./
()9.Meimeiis___beststudentinherclass.
A.aB.anC./D.the
()10.Tomis___kindboy.All___studentslovehim.
A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the()11.Is___bookonthedeskmine?
Yes.
A.theB.aC.anD./()12.Evenwhilehewasin___hospital,hewentonwritingsongs.
A.aB.anC.theD./
()13.Don'tread.
A.inbedB.inthebedC.onbedD.onthebed
()14.Smithishonestman.
A.aB.theC.anD./
()15.Chinahas
populationof1,200,000,000.
C.The;thesun
D.The;thesuns
()17.Maryis___clevererofthetwogirls.
A.theB.aC.anD.much
()18.youngmustlookafter___old.
A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the
()19.___earthisoneofplanets.
A.The;sun'sB.The;thesun
()20.Tokyois___.
A.thecapitalofJapanB.capitalofJapan
C.JapancapitalD.acapitalofJapan
()21.Katesometimesplays___violin(小提琴)andsometimesplays___tabletennisbeforesupper.
A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD./;/
()22.-Haveyouseenpencil?
Ileftitherethismorning.
--Isit___redone?
Isawit.
A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a
()23.Thereisorangetreebehindhouse.
A.an;theB.a;aC.the;theD.an;/
()24.—Howlongdidyoustaythere?
--Abouthalf___hour.
A./B.oneC.aD.an
练习题答案:
1——5BBDCA6—10DABDB
11—15ADACD16—20AABCA
21—24BDAD
初中英语专辑(3)——代词
(1)指示代词:
this,that,these,those.this,that一
般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。
thatapple(V)thatmeat(x)
TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotasinGuangzhou.
[that]
(2)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1)人称代词:
主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+
宾格)
eg.1)1thankyou
2)
物主代词:
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
Youthankme.
一变(my—mine);
三力口s(your—
用法:
有名不名,无名是名
eg.Thisis(我的)
[my;mine]
二留(his—hisits—its)
yours;our
—ours;her—hers;their
—theirs)
book.Thisbookis(我的)
2)
单数
复数
yourself
yourselves
myself
ourselves
himself
themselves
herself
itself
3)反身代词:
某某自己;亲自
反身代词的常见搭配:
1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快
2.hurtoneself伤着自己
3.teachoneself=learn•…by
oneself自学
4.(all)byoneself(完全)独立地
5.helponeselfto
请自便;随便
吃…
6」ookafteroneself自理;照顾自己
7」eaveonebyoneself把…单独留下
8」oseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于…
(三)不定代词
1)some与any
一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头)
2)[many+可数=alotof:
许多
much+不可数
(但alotof不能用于否定句)
2.Hurryup!
Thereistimeleft.[little]
4)
everyone/anyone不力口of
noneof
()ofuswantstoreadthebook.[B]
A.EveryoneB.Everyone
C.Nobody
D.Noone
5)other,another,others
单数
复数
泛
指
another
三者以上的另一个
定语
主语、宾语
other
some-other
s
特
指
one…theother
一个…另一个
theothers=theothe叶复名(另外的人或物)
①.WestudysubjectsbesidesChinese.
②.MayIhaveapple
3.Thesecupsareclean.aredirty.
4」havetwopens.Oneisred,isblue.[other;
another;others;theothers]
另外注意:
oneanother(三者以上的)相互
eachother(两者的)相互
Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人)
Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上)
6)二者与三者
复数
单数
单数
二者
both(
都)
neither(都
不)
either(任何一
个)
三者
all(都
)
none(都不)
any(任何一个)
①.both*否定neither*all否定none
②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither
none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名
()1.ofmyparentsisateacher.[B]
A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All
river.
()2.Therearemanytreesonsideofthe
[C]
A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all
匸everyone/anyonepf_
7)匚each:
(二者以上的)每个一一作主、宾、定)
L」
every:
(三者以上的)每个一一只作定语)
1.studentintheclasslikesEnglish.
2.ofthestudentsstudiedhard.
[Every;Each]
练习
()1.officeismuchsmallerthan.
A.Ours;yoursB.Our;yoursC.Theirs;our
()2.“Helptosomemeat.”myunclesaidtome.
A.themselvesB.yourselfC.yourselves
()3.Therearetwentyteachersinourschool.Eightofthem
arementeachersandarewomenteachers.
A.othersB.theothersC.another
()4.Thereisn'tpaperinthebox.Willyougoandget
forme?
A.any;someB.any;anyC.some;any()5.Therearemanytreeson___sidesofthestreet.
A.bothB.allC.each
()6.___ofthemhasadictionaryandoneofthemcanlook
upwordsinit.
A.Each;everyB.Every;eachC.Every;every
()7.“Whenshallwemeet,thisafternoonortonight?
”
“Idon'tmind.timeisOK.
A.EitherB.EveryC.Neither()8.Wouldyoulike___cupoftea?
A.otherB.theotherC.anothe