四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析之欧阳地创编.docx

四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析之欧阳地创编.docx

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四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析之欧阳地创编

2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分

时间：

2021.03.04

创作：

欧阳地

PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.

Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.

Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated（润滑）.Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple:

wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.

A）allowingF）helpingK）prevent

B）avoidableG）increasinglyL）principle

C）brieflyH）lowestM）provoke

D）componentI）maintainN）seriously

E）determinedJ）maximumO）topic

SectionB

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.

Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:

Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?

“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity（肥胖症）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.

“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”

Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople’sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem:

Densityrestrictions:

licensestosellalcoholaren’thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted（分配）basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.

Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?

Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren’tprimarilyfoodstores?

Displayandsalesrestrictions:

Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan’tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey’reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.

57.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?

A）Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.

B）Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.

C）Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.

D）Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.

58.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?

A）Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.

B）Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.

C）Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.

D）Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.

59.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?

A）Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol’stemptations.

B）Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.

C）Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.

D）Easyaccessleadstocustomers’over-consumption.

60.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia’sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?

A）Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.

B）Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.

C）Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.

D）Togetalcoholoutofdrivers’immediatesight.

61.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?

A）Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.

B）Enhancingpeople’sawarenessoftheirownhealth.

C）Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.

D）Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy（破产）protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.

AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency（自满）,”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknow-ledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.

Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.

Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.

AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate（企业的）culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.

Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.

62.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?

A）Itwentbankruptallofasudden.

B）Itisapproachingitsdownfall.

C）Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustry.

D）Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket.

63.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?

A）Toshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitself.

B）Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.

C）Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution.

D）ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphoto.

64.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?

A）Theyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassets.

B）Theytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallenges.

C）Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology.

D）Theyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspast.

65.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome?

A）Aburden.

B）Amirror.

C）Ajoke.

D）Achallenge.

66.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?

A）Itsblindfaithintraditionalphotography.

B）ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’semergence.

C）Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984Olympics.

D）Itsoverconfidenceinitscorporateculture.

PassageOne

　　到处都是垃圾食品。

我们吃下的垃圾食品实在是太多了。

我们中的大多数人虽然意识到了这个问题但还是照吃不误。

　　为此兰德公司的两位研究人员提出了一个建议：

为什么不学学控制酒精饮料的政策并把它们用在食品的销售地点和陈列方式上呢？

　　两位研究者表示：

“很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假设人们是有意识、有理性地选择他们吃什么、吃多少。

因此，这些政策措施的焦点是向人们提供信息和更容易得到的健康食品。

”

　　两位研究者还说：

“相比之下，很多措施假设人们的选择是非理性的，这些措施被成功地运用在控制酒精饮料上。

而酒精饮料这种东西和食品一样，如果无度摄取就会导致严重的健康问题。

”

　　这一研究参考了对人们对待食品和酒精饮料的表现的研究和限制酒精饮料的效果，然后列出了研究者们认为用在垃圾食品上可能会有效果的五条措施。

这些措施如下：

　　密度限制：

卖酒执照的发放不是毫无计划、来者有份的，而是根据一个地区已经存在的卖酒地点的数量进行分配。

这样就使酒精饮料不那么容易得到，而且减少了对喝酒的心理暗示。

　　研究者认为，与之类似，面对垃圾食品刺激了我们想吃它的欲望。

所以，为什么不限制食品销售点的密度呢，尤其是那些卖高热量低营养食品的销售点？

还有，为什么不限制主营业务不是食品的商店的食品销售呢？

陈列和销售限制：

加利福尼亚有一项法规禁止在加油站的收银机附近陈列酒精饮料，而且在大部分地区，你都不能从免下