英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析.docx

英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析.docx

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英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage，butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—

includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.

Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.

Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.

Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.

"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities，mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.

Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.

Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle（细微的）changesin

mentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingPuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.

Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition（认知能力）generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.

Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia（痴呆）,accordingtotheresearchers.

"Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."

Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.

47.【题干】Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?

【选项】

variesfrompersontoperson.

graduallyexpandswithage.

weakensinone'slateryears.

indicatesone'shealthcondition.

答案】B

【解析】Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage，butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

48.【题干】Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?

【选项】

diseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.

reachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.

arecloselyrelatedtophysical'andmentalexercise.

ofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.

【答案】D

【解析】butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

49.【题干】WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases?

【选项】

tendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.

flexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.

functionquitewelleveninoldage.

functioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.

【答案】C

【解析】Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.

50.【题干】Althoughpeople'smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they.

【选项】

bebetteratsolvingpuzzlesmemorizethingswithmoreeasehavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning

putwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse

【答案】D

【解析】"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegrating

itwithone'sabilities，mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthood

iftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.

51.【题干】AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.

【选项】

waystoslowdownourmentaldecline

waystoboostourmemories

thecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning

therelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth

【答案】A

【解析】Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Themostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherising

discussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.

Theshorthand（简写）educatorsuseforthisis"pre-K"—meaning

4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.

Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.

ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.

AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.

Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.

Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.

Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention（干预）works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthe

politicalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.

Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.

52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?

【选项】

shouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.

isessentialtoaperson'sfutureacademicsuccess.

andpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.

regarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopment.

【答案】C

【解析】第一段：

Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.

53.【题干】WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?

【选项】

achievementsusuallydonotlastlong.

thirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.

thirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopment.

hasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.

【答案】A

【解析】AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.

54.【题干】Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?

itisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.

itismadepartofkids'education.

itisnolongerconsideredaluxury.

itismadefunandenjoyabletokids.

【答案】B

【解析】Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.

56.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?

【选项】

knowstherealgoalofeducation.

isamayorofinsightandvision.

hasoncerunapre-Kprogram.

isafirmsupporterofpre-K.

【答案】D

【解析】Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.

56【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education?

【选项】

method.

'interest.

intervention.

'involvement.

【答案】C

【解析】Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention（干预）works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfound

isthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.