职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题5.docx

职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题5.docx

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职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题5

2005年职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题2

2005年职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题22005年职称英语等级考试阅读理解模拟试题2发布时间：

2006-05-13第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇

ItsaBrand-newCentury

TheU.S.TreasuryDepartmenthasredesignedthe$100bill,andhasbegunreleasingthenewcurrencyrecently.Treasuryspentnearly10yearsontheredesignandhasaddedanumberofstateof-the-artfeatures:

microprinting（微型印刷技术）,colorshiftingink,apolymer（聚合物）securitythread.Themoststrikingchange,however,istheenlargementofBenjaminFranklinsportrait:

henowdominatesthebilllikeamoviestarinanewspaperadvertisement.

Themoneywecarryaroundissofamiliarthatwheneveranewbillorcoinisintroduced,itcreatesarippleinourordinarylives.Butnotmuchmorethanaripple,andoncefewpeopleuse$100billsregularly,mostAmericansgreetthearrivalofthenewnotewithnostrongeremotionthancuriosity.

Someforeigners,bycontrast,havebecomeclearlyworriedbythenewsofitsarrival.Aroundtheworld,U.S.currencyandthe$100billinparticularisoftentreatedastheultimaterepository（贮藏所）ofvalue.TheFederalReserveestimatesthattwo-thirdsofallU.S.cashcirculatesoutsidetheUnitedStates.InnationswhereinflationishighandwheretherearefewcrediblebankinginstitutionsfromLatinAmericatoAfricapeoplesaveandconductbusinessin$100bills.AndwiththeU.S.issuingnew$100bills,manyabroadareworryingthattheonestheyalreadyhaveareabouttobecomeworthless.

ThefearismostwidespreadinRussia.TheRussianCentralBankestimatesthatsomewherebetween$15billionand$20billionofU.S.currencyisinRussia,about80%ofitistheformof$100bills.EveryonefromsmallsaverstobusinessmenandmembersofMafia（黑手党）reliesonhundreds,sothechangesinthebillarecausinghighanxiety.ManyRussianshavealreadychangedtheirmeager（微不足道）supplyof$100billsintosmallerU.S.notes.ButoverthenextfewyearstheTreasuryplanstoredesigneverynoteexceptthe$1bill.

31Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningthereleasingofthenew$100bill?

AIthascausedgreatdisturbanceamongAmericans.

BMostAmericansshowagreatinterestinitsnewdesign.

CAllAmericansfeelonlycuriousaboutit.

DMostAmericansexhibitnostrongeremotionthancuriosity.

32Thefearofthenew$100billismostwidespreadinthosecountrieswhere

Atheeconomicsituationisunstable.

Btwo-thirdsofallU.S.cashcirculator.

Ctheold$100billswillbecomemorevaluable.

Dtherearetoomanyold$100billscirculating.

33WhichofthefollowingistrueconcerningU.S.currencyinRussia?

ATheRussianCentralBankhas$15billionto$20billionofU.S.currency.

B80~kofthe$100billscirculatingoutsidetheU.S.currencywillbedevalued.

CThereisawidespreadfearinRussiathatU.S.currencywillbedevalued.

DAbout80okofU.S.currencyinRussiaisintheformof$100bills.

34WhyhavemanyRussianschangedtheir$100billsintosmallernotes?

ATheU.S.TreasureDepartmentplanstoredesignallnotesexceptthe$1bill.

BTheyareafraidthattheir$100billswilllosetheirvalue.

CSmallsavers,businessmenandmembersoftheMafiaprefersmallernotesto$100bills.

DTheyhaveonlyasmallsupplyof$100bills.

35Theredesignofthe$100billhasaddedallthefollowingstate-of-artfeaturesEXCEpT

AtheenlargementofBenjaminFrankportrait.

Bapolymersecuritythread.

Ctheportraitofafamousmoviestar.

Dcolour-shiftingink.

第二篇TheRoleofpressureGroupsinBritain

GeneralElectionsinBritainareusuallyheldonlyonceeveryfiveyears.Governmentscanseemtoberemotefromthepeopletheyrepresent.Theprocessofprotestingaboutgovernmentactionsisveryslow,eventhougheveryoneispermitteddirectcontacttotheirmemberofparliament.Forallthesereasonsthereissomethingofavacuumbetweengovernmentandthegoverned,whichpressuregroupshelptofill.

pressuregroupswillseektoinfluencethosewhohavepoliticalpower,suchasmembersofpartiament.Theywillwanttotellthemwhatpolicytheirinterestdemands.Ifmembersofapressuregroupfeelthatthereispublicsupportfromoutsidetheirgroupfortheirdemands,theywilltellmembersofparliamentaboutthis.

pressuregroupswillthusseektogetsupportfromthepublic.Apowerfulwayofdoingthisisbymakinguseofthemassmedia.Therecanalsobepublicmeetings,demonstrations,etc.Meanwhile,thegroupwillhavetobesureofitsfactsandfact-findingisthusanimportantpartofitswork.Up-to-dateinformationcanbemadeknowntomembersofparliamentandtothegeneralpublic.

pressuregroupswillnotonlyseektomaketheircauseknowntogovernment,butalsotrytoinformandinfluencethepublic.AgoodexampleofthissortofactivityisprovidedbytheeducationalworkofShelter,whichfightsforbetterhousingforpoorpeople.

pressuregroupsmaysupportpoliticalparties,butwilllaystressonlyonsomeoftheirpolicies.Forinstance,theMondayClubwillsupportthemoreright-wingpoliciesoftheConservativeparty.However,apressuregroupisnotapoliticalparty,becauseitdoesnotseekcompleteorcontinuouspoliticalpower.

36Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

AInBritain,generalelectionsareheldaboutonceeveryfiveyears.

BGovernmentsalwaysstayclosetothepeople.

CEveryonehasdirectcontacttotheirmemberofparliament.

Dprotestsaboutgovernmentactionsdonotoccur.

37AllofthefollowingaretherolesofpressuregroupsEXCEpT

Atofillthevacuumbetweengovernmentandparliament.

Btoseekinterestfromthepublic.

Ctoinfluencepeoplewhohavepoliticalpower.

Dtomakesurethattheyhavecollectedtherightfacts.

38Whichofthefollowingisaveryimportantwayinwhichpressuregroupsgetsupportfromthepublic?

ATotellmembersofparliamentwhattodo.

BToholdpublicmeetings.

CTomakeuseoftelevision,radio,magazines,andnewspapers.

DTomaketheircausesknowntogovernment.

39TheeducationalworkofShelterisagoodexampleof

Atheparliamentsactivitiesofmakingitscausesknowntothepublic.

Bthepoorpeoplesfightforbetterhousingconditions.

Cthegovernmentsinfluenceoverthepressuregroups.

Dthepressuregroupsefforttoinformandinfluencethepublic.

40Thepassageindicatesthatpressuregroups

Aarenotimportantbecausetheyachieveverylittle.

Bwillsoonerorlatterbecomeseveralindependentpoliticalparties.

Cplayanimportantroleinmakinggovernmentalpoliciesreflectpublicopinions.

Daremoreefficientwhentheyaresupportedbypoliticalparties.

第三篇prolongingHumanLife

prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhavebeenborn100yearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.

prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependency（依赖）load.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtoAdie.Intimesoffamine（饥荒）,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporarysocieties,peoplefeelamoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeopleareabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatespeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.olderpeoplehavemoreillnessesthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateofgovernmentinsurance,theymustoftengoonwelfareiftheyhaveaseriousillness.

Whenolderpeoplebecomesenile（年老的）ortooweakandilltocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescenthospitals（康复医院）havebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofitmakingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsoredbyreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsaregood,mostofthemaresimpledumpinggroundsfromthedyinginwhichcareisgivenbypoorlypaid,overworkedandunderskilledpersonnel.

41Theauthorbelievesthatthepopulationexplosionhasresultedfrom

Aanincreaseinbirthrates.

Btheindustrialdevelopment.

Cadecreaseindeathrates.

Dhumanbeingsculturaladvances.

42Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinhuntingandgatheringcultures

Aitwasamoralresponsibilitytokeepold-agedpeoplealive.

Bthesurvivalofinfantswaslessimportantthanthatoftheirparentsintimesofstarvation.

Coldpeoplelivedonsocialsecuritychecks.

Dthesurvivalofinfantswasmoreimportantthanoftheirparentsintimesofstarvation.

43Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheoldpeopleintheUnitedStatesisTRUE?

AManyofthemhaveahardlife.

B