度全国英语专业四级试题及答案44.docx

度全国英语专业四级试题及答案44.docx

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度全国英语专业四级试题及答案44

度全国英语专业四级试题及答案（4）

PartⅥREADINGCOMPREHENSION［30MIN.］SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION［25MIN.］Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.TEXTAThewayinwhichpeopleusesocialspacereflectstheirsocialrelationshipsandtheirethnicidentity.EarlyimmigrantstoAmericafromEuropebroughtwiththemacollectivestyleofliving,whichtheyretaineduntillateinthe18thcentury.Historicalrecordsdocumentagroup-orientedexistence,inwhichoneroomwasusedforeating,entertainingguests,andsleeping.Peopleatesoupsfromasommunalpot,shareddrinkingcups,andusedacommonpittoilet.Withthedevelopmentofideasaboutindividualism,peoplesoonbegantoshifttotheuseofindividualcupsandplates;theeatingofmealsthatincludedmeat,bread,andvegetablesservedonseparateplates;andtheuseofprivatetoilets.Theybegantobuildtheirhouseswithseparateroomstoentertainguests-livingrooms,separatebedroomsforsleeping,separateworkareas-kitchen,laundryroom,andseparatebathrooms.InMexico,themeaningandorganizationofdomesticspaceisstrikinglydifferent.Housesareorganizedaroundapatio,orcourtyard.Roomsopenontothepatio,whereallkindsofdomesticactivitiestakeplace.Individualstonothaveseparatebedrooms.Childrenoftensleepwithparents,andbrothersorsistersshareabed,emphasizingfamilialinterdependence.RoomsinMexicanhousesarelocationsformultipleactivitiesthat,incontrast,arerigidlyseparatedintheUnitedStates.66.Changesinlivingstylesamongearlyimmigrantswereinitiallybroughtaboutby____.A.risinglivingstandardsB.newconceptsC.newcustomsD.newdesignsofhouses67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?

A.Theirconceptsofdomesticspace.B.Theirsocialrelationships.C.Thefunctionsoftheirrooms.D.Thelayoutoftheirhouses.TEXTBTherearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman’slife.Consequently,theageof63（theproductofnineandseven）wasthoughttobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandfear.Thecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.Inmoremoderntimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.68.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?

A.3and7.B.3and9.C.7and9.D.3and13.69.Theillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsoriginin____.A.legendB.religionC.popularbeliefD.certaincustoms70.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousbeliefs?

A.Heismildlycritical.B.Heisstronglycritical.C.Heisinfavourofthem.D.Hisattitudeisnotclear.TEXTCWomen’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?

”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?

Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?

Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.If〖WTHZ〗thesedifferences〖WTBZ〗correspondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.71.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpupularbelief.D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.72.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby____factors.A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social73.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein____.A.skillsofmenandwomenB.schoolsubjectsC.thebrainstructureofmenandwomenD.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain74.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon____.A.thebrainstructureasawholeB.thefunctioningofpartofthebrainC.thedistinctionbetweenthesexesD.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum75.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.TEXTDInformationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriestoday.By2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers（22%ofthelabourforce）willchoose“flextime,flexplace”arrangements,whichallowthemtoworkathome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide”seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000,apollfound,that,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,co