五宾语从句定语从句状语从句.docx
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五宾语从句定语从句状语从句
初三语法练习五(宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句)
状语从句:
时间状语从句
1.主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生:
as,when,while
Eg.Pleasegivethislettertohimwhenyouseehim.
Strikewhileironishot.
2.主句的动作和从句的动作之后:
after,when
Whenshecomes,she’llshowusanaction.
Aftertheyarrivethere,thevillagerswillgivethemawarmwelcome.
3.主句的动作和从句的动作之前:
before,when
Beforehewenttobed,hewatchedTVforamoment.
4.主句的动作伴随着从句的动作而发生,用when,whenever,如:
Whenhecomeshere,I’llletyouknowatonce.
5.assoonas表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作一瞬间之后
AssoonasIgettoShanghai,I’llgiveyouacall.
6.自从……开始,since,eversince
Theyhaven’tseeneachothersincetheymetattheschoollastmonth.
7.有till/until的从句,在肯定句中,主句必须要用延续性动词;
在否定句中,主句可以用瞬间动词,构成not……until/till,意为“直到……才”
Theyworkedtillthebellrang.
Theboydidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.
8.注意:
当时间状语从句(主将从现)
主句表示将来的动作时,在after,assoonas,before,till,until和when等引导的时间状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时。
I’lltellhimaboutthegoodnewsassoonashe(come).
练习:
1.—It’srainingoutside,Mary.Pleaseanumbrellawithyou.(take)
—Thankyou.I’llreturntoyouwhenIthisSunday.(come)
2.—PleasegivethisbooktoMary.
—OK.I’llgiveittoherassoonasshe(come)back.
3.Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasIinAustralia.(arrive)
条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件。
引导词:
if,unless,incase,so/aslongas,as/sofaras(就……而言),onconditionthat(条件是……)
原则:
主将从现
Ifitisfine,we’llgoshoppingwithourfriends.
2.—WhatareyougoingtodothisSunday?
—We’llgohikingonthecountrysideifit.(notrain)
3.—DoyouknowifMarytomyparentnextSunday,Nancy?
(come)
—Ithinkshewillcomeifshefree.(be)
目的和结果状语从句
1.目的状语从句表示主句的动作发生的目的或愿望
连词:
that,sothat(以便),inorderthat(为了),incase(万一),从句中通常使用一些情态动词,如:
can,could,may,might,should
Hevisitedthefarminorderthathecouldseehisoldfriend.
2.结果状语从句表示主句的动作所引起的结果
连词:
that,sothat(从句中不带情态动词),so……that(如此……以致……),such……that(如此……以致……)
Hespokesoquicklythatonlyafewstudentscouldfollowhim.
Thecarissoexpensivethatveryfewpeoplecanaffordit.
3.—Whydoesyourfathergetupsoearlyeverymorning?
—Hegetsupearlyhecanreachtheearlybusontime.
A.whenB.sothatC.whyD.where
4.Theboyrantotheclassroomhecouldhaveaniceseat.
A.whyB.inorderthatC.whereD.what
5.Theboxisheavythegirlcan’tcarryitbyherself.
A.so,thatB.such,thatC.too,toD.so,that
6.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschoolthisyear.
=Theboyisyoungschoolthisyear.
地点和原因状语从句
1.地点状语从句表示主句动作的地点和场所,通常用连接副词引导从句,where在……地方,wherever无论在……地方
Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.(哪里有烟,哪里就有火)无风不起浪
(无论他在哪里),hewillbethinkingofothers.
2.原因状语从句通常用because,since,as引导,语气上依次减弱,because回答由why提出的问题,表示直接原因
—Whydidn’thecometoschoolyesterday?
—Becausehewasill.
3.如果状语从句表示的原因是人们已知道的事实,常用since和as
Asheknowsnothingaboutthematter,hekeptquietduringthemeeting.
因为他对此事一无所知,他在会上什么也没有说。
SinceIhaven’tmuchmoney,Ican’tbuyit.因为我没有钱
4.Because表示直接原因,for表示附加的或者推断的理由
Heislovedbyallbecauseheishonest.
Heworemoreclothes,foritwascold.
5.—heworks,mybrotheralwaysdoesthedifficultthingsfirst.
—You’reright.Wealllikehimverymuch.
A.WhereverB.WhereC.WhatD.Why
6.—DidyoucallSaraback?
—Ididn’tneedto,we’llhaveameetingtogethertonight.
A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if
7.—Itmusthaverainedheavilylastnight,theroadiswet.
—Ithinkso.Theairissoclearnow.
A.forB.whenC.whereD.which
比较,方式和让步状语从句
1.比较状语从句常用:
than,as……as,notas(so)……as引导
Maryistallerthanherbrother.
Thislessonisasimportantasthatone.
2.方式状语从句常由:
as,asif(asthough),like,theway等次引导
DoitasIdoit.照我的样子做这件事。
3.让步状语从句常由:
though(although),eventhough/if,while,nomatter(who,what,where,when)不论……,though/although可以和yet或still连用,以加强语气,但是不能与but连用。
Althoughitwascold,hewentoutwithoutacoat.
Thoughtheyarepoor,theyhaveenoughtoeat.
4.注意:
连词as可以引导让步状语从句,但从句中要用特殊语序。
Youngas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.=Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
5.—Howdoyouthinkabouttheirstudying?
—IthinkJackdoeshishomeworkthanhissisterdoes.(careful)
6.—Whatdothetwogirlslooklike?
—MaryisNancy,butthanher.
A.tallas,thinB.sotallas,thinnerC.tallerthan,thinnerD.thetallestthan,thinner
7.—Whatdidtheteachersaytoyoujustnow?
—Hetoldmetodohetoldus.
A.asB.whenC.whyD.where
8.Pleasedothat(按照)hetoldyou.
9.—Howdidtheyoungmenfeeleveryday?
—,theywereveryhappy.
A.ThoughtheyhavenomoneyB.Thoughtheyhavenomoney
C.AlthoughtheywereverypoorD.Althoughtheywererich
10.—DuringtheSpringFestival,alotofpeopletakethebullettrain(动车组)homeitisexpensive.
—Yes,theyhopetheycanreachhomefast.
A.soB.asC.becauseD.though
11.TheFirstHuaguoshanInternationalGolfOpenwassuccessthatweenjoyedourselvesverymuch.
A.suchagreatB.asuchgreatC.soagreatD.asogreat
宾语从句:
一、宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语。
作动词的宾语:
Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语
作介词的宾语:
He said nothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.
二、根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三
类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
2.由if或whether引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
例如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
注意:
1)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
2)宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
3)和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
4)whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。
注意:
if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”,不同whether
Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.
练习题
(1)Idon’tknow___________ornot.
A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathome
C.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome
(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that
(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.
A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that
(4)Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
(5)---Becareful!
Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?
David?
---Yes,Mum
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if
(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?
---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.
A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where
(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.
A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchoose
C.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose
3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词在宾语从句中担任状语的成分,连接副词在宾语从句中。
例如:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
特殊:
在某些形容词之后的从句有时也被看做是宾语从句,afraid,sure,sorry,glad,worried,aware,confident,angry
TheywereangrythathewouldgotoBeijinghimself.
I’msorrythatyourmotherisillinhospital.
三、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
既:
1.主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)Shesaysthatsheastudent.(be)
Shesaidthatsheastudent.(be)
2)ShesaysthatshetoJapaninaweek.(fly)
ShesaidthatshetoJapaninaweek.(fly)
3)Shesaysthatsheherhomeworkalready.(finish)
Shesaidthatsheherhomeworkalready.(finish)
3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:
Theteachersaidthattheearthroundthesun.(go)
HetoldmethatJapananislandcountry.(be)
四、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词think,believe,suppose等,并且主句的主语是第一人称,宾语从句的意思是否定时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。
IthinkhecanspeakEnglish.(改否定句)
IbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim.(改否定句)
Ithinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.(改否定句)
五.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.
Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
练习题
(1)Didyoufindout______?
A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingfor
C.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor
(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?
A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit
(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay?
---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.
A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly
六、宾语从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如:
LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopesbackverysoon.
Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedhim.
2.当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如:
Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenopenthewindow.
3.动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。
例如:
Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemed.
习题:
1.—Canyoutellme?
—Bypracticingmorespeakingeveryday.
A.howIcanimprovemyEnglishB.whichwaycanIchoose
C.howdoIdealwithmyEnglishD.What’swrongwithmyEnglish
2.—Whyareyoustandinginfrontofthemirrorwithyoureyes?
—Oh.IwanttoseewhenI’msleep.
A.closed,whatdoIlooklikeB.closing,howIlooklike
C.close