新高考英语复习M5 Unit 3 Science and nature测原卷.docx

新高考英语复习M5 Unit 3 Science and nature测原卷.docx

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新高考英语复习M5Unit3Scienceandnature测原卷

2022年高考英语复习讲练测（新高考）

M5Unit3Scienceandnature（测）

一、阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

（2021·陕西咸阳中学高三月考）Foryears,Iwasintheratrace,mysenseofwonderlost.Gardeningwasmyantidote（解毒药）.Itgavemetimetostop,listenandabsorballthelittledetailsthatnaturehastooffer—nurturingtheearth,plantsandmyselftofightagainsttheaggressionandtirednessofeverydayworkinglife.

Iquitmyjobandhadavisionformycompany.Iwantedotherstofindthecomfortthatmygardengaveme.Now,Iwatchmyclientsexperiencetheirowntransformations.Acornerthatwasonceanunwelcomingplaceofweedsisachild'splayarea;alonelypersonhasaninspiring,evolvingview.

Gardeningrequiresustobepresentinthemoment,whilealsoimaginingthefuture.Youmayseeabeautifulflowerandsurpriseforaminuteatthemagicofnature.Someflowerslastforaday,othersforaseason.Somecomebackyearafteryear.Seasonspassandyoubecomeconnectedtothechangesinlifeinadeeper,morespiritualway.Thisbuildsacceptance.

Wherethereoncemayhavebeenbeauty,theremightnowbeanemptyspaceandadeepsenseofsadness...Butgardeningbringshope—wecancreatesomethingbeautifulagainandthatspacewillnolongerbebare.

Hopeisoneofmanyemotionsstirredbygardening.Whetheryou'regrowingvegetablestoeat,plantingtinyseedsortendingflowers,thereisalwaysagreatsenseofsatisfactionattheendofasession.Howyouchoosetogardenisdeeplypersonaltoyou—it’saboutcreatingsomethingfruitful,aloneorwithothers.

Thekeyistohaveavision,ideasandbrighthopesforthefuture.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbenefitfromgardening?

A.Ithelpstodevelopatake-it-as-it-isattitude.B.Itrelievesanxietyaboutlosingthejob.

C.Itreleasesherlonelinessanddepression.D.Itteachesheralotofsowingknowledge.

2.Whatcanweinferaboutgardeningaccordingtotheauthor?

A.It’sbeautiful.B.It’srewardingC.It’sdepressingD.It’scooperative.

3.Whatisthebesttitle?

A.GardeningforFunB.ASenseofWonder

C.SowingSeedsofHopeD.AVisionfortheFuture

B

（2021·全国高三二模）Manyblack-footedferrets（雪貂）oncelivedintheAmericanWest.Theylivemainlyontheprairiedogs（土拨鼠）.Butwhenfarmersbegankillingoffprairiedogs,lotsofthemdied,too.Additionally,theenvironmentinwhichtheylivedwasdestroyed.Bythe1970s,mostexpertsbelievedthatblack-footedferretsnolongerexisted.Then,in1981,agroupofthemwerefoundinWyoming,buttheyweresuddenlyhitbyanunknowndiseaseinthemid-1980s,andtheirpopulationdecreasedtojust18.TheUSFishandWildlifeService（USFWS）caughtallofthemandtriedtoprotectthem.Allbutsevendied.

Currently,there’rebetween400and500ferretsremaining.ButallofthemarerelatedtothesevenanimalsrescuedfromWyomingexceptElizabethAnn.

Normally,theDNAoftheanimalsgetsmixedupwhendifferentpairsofanimalshavebabies.ThesmalldifferencesintheirDNAcanhelpprotectthegroupasawhole.Becausealllivingblack-footedferretsarecloselyrelated,theyallhavesimilarweaknesses.ButElizabethAnnisclonedfromananimalthatdiedinthe1980s,soherDNAisverydifferent.WhenthisDNAismixedbackin,futureblack-footedferretswillbehealthieringeneral.

Inthe1980s,theDNAfromaferretnamedWillawasstoredinthe“FrozenZoo”runbySanDiegoZooGlobal.Hopefully,cloningwouldallowblack-footedferretstoreturntothewild.Theideaofcloningwasunderstood,butitwashardtocarryoutformanyanimals.Thematterwaslefthangingintheair.Butin1996,ascientistclonedasheep,called“Dolly”.Sincethen,manyotheranimalshavealsobeencloned.TheUSFWShasbeentalkingaboutcloningblack-footedferretssince2013.In2018,theyfinallygaveagroupcalledRevive&Restorepermissiontotryit.

OnDecember10,2020,ElizabethAnnwasborn.Bloodtestshaveprovenhertobe100%black-footedferret.

4.Whatwasthemaincauseofblack-footedferrets’almostdyingoutbythe1970s?

A.Theywereshortoffood.B.Theywerekilledbyfarmers.

C.Theylosttheirlivingplaces.D.Theysufferedfromabaddisease.

5.WhatdoesParagraph3focusonaboutcloningElizabethAnn?

A.Theeffectivemethod.B.Thegreatsignificance.

C.Thedifferenttypes.D.Thepotentialrisk.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hangingintheair”inParagraph4mean?

A.Unexpected.B.Unconcerned.C.Unresolved.D.Unexposed.

7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Anewcloningageiscoming.B.Anendangeredspeciessurvivedbycloning.

C.Theresearchofferrets’DNAwasconducted.D.Thetruthoftheextinctionoftheferretswasrevealed.

C

（2021·全国高三模拟）Fewthingshavecausedasmuchcontroversyasgeneticallymodified（转基因）foods.A2018researchcenterfoundthat49%ofAmericansthinkfoodscontainingGMingredients（成分）areworseforone'shealththannaturalfoods.Slightlyfewerpeople,44%,believefoodswithGMingredientsareneitherbetternorworseforone'shealth.Only5%sayGMfoodsarebetterforone'shealth.Thecenterthusrevealsanearly50-50splitamongAmericansastowhetherGMfoodsareharmfulornot.

WhatevertheymaybelieveaboutGMfoods,theyhavenearlybeenconsumedeverywhereinAmerica.About90%ofallcrops,suchascorn,aregeneticallymodified.OneormoreoftheseingredientsgoesintonearlyallofthefoodproductsprocessedintheU.S.

InAmerica,allGMfoodsmustbeapprovedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）,whichrequirescarefulassessment.GMfoodscanresultinanimprovementofafood'sappearanceortaste;someGMfoodsmaturefasterandareslowertorot.So,whydohalfofAmericansbelievefoodscontainingGMingredientsareworse?

Onereasonistheincreasedinterestinnaturalandorganicfoods.Anotheristhatthelong-termeffectsofeatingGMfoods,whichwereonlyintroducedabout20yearsago,areunknown.

Thescientificconsensus,basedonmanystudies,isthatGMfoodsarenotdangeroustohumanhealth.TheAmericanDieteticAssociationarguesthatGMfoodscanevenbehealthierforyou.TheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）statesthat.“GMfoodscurrentlyavailableonthemarkethavepassedsafetyassessmentsandarenotlikelytopresentrisksforhumanhealth”.

FoodsafetyorganizationswanttoexpressthatGMfoodsaresafe,butuntillong-termstudiesarepossible,manypeoplewillremainskeptical.

8.Whydoestheauthormentionthestudyinthebeginning?

A.TodefineGMfoods.B.Tointroduceatopic.

C.Toexpressanopinion.D.Toprovideevidence.

9.WhatcarpweinferaboutGMfoods?

A.Theytastebetterbutripeslower.B.It’shardtoavoidthemindailylife.

C.Theydiffergreatlyfromnaturalfoods.D.It'seasytodeterminewhetherthey'resafe.

10.Whydonearly50%ofAmericansbelieveGMfoodsareworse?

A.Thelong-terminfluenceofGMfoodsisn’tclear.

B.OrganicfoodsarehealthierthanGMfoods.

C.WHObelievesthatGMfoodsratherriskyforhealth.

D.Thefiguresofthestudiesmayheinaccurate.

11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?

A.Approving.B.Skeptical.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.

D

（2021·上海浦东新区高三模拟）Ontheoccasionalclear-frostautumnnight,IwashikingthroughthedarkforestwithmyGMOwolf.Yes,mybestfriendisageneticallymodifiedorganism（转基因生物）,deliberateselectionhasproducedtheblunt-toothed,small-pawedwonderthatwalksbymyside.

Ourworldischangingrapidly.Inthelastfivedecades,globalpopulationhasfullydoubled,with3.7billionhungrymouthsaddedtoourplanet.Duringthissametimespan,theamountoflandsuitableforagriculturehasincreasedbyonly5%.Miraculously,thisdidnotresultinthegreatglobalfamineonemighthavepredicted.

Howdoscientistsmodifyaplantsothatitmakesmorefoodthanitsparentsdid?

Wecouldtreateachharvestlikealitterofwolfpupsandselectonlyplantsbearingthefattest,richestseedsforthenextseason.Thiswasthemethodourancestorsusedtoengineerrice,comandwheatfromthewildgrassestheyencountered.

Duringmychildhood,advancesingenetictechnologiesallowedscientiststoidentifyandclonethegenesresponsibleforrepressingstemgrowth,leadingtoshorter,strongerstalksthatcouldbearmoreseed—thehigh-yieldcropsthatfeedustoday.The21stcenturyhasbroughtwithitamarvelousnewsetofhigh-techtoolswithwhichtofurtherquickentheprocessofartificialselection.PlantgeneticistscannowdirectlyeditoutoreditinsectionsofDNAusingmolecularscissors.Wecanminimizeaplant’sweaknesseswhileaddingtoitsstrengths,andwedon’thavetowaitforseasonstopasstotesttheresult.

Itisthetransformativepotentialofthesetechniquestoquicklysupplythenext-generationcropsrequiredforupcomingclimatechangethathasledmetobelieveinthesafetyandfunctionofGMOplantsinagriculturalproducts.WeneedmoreGMOresearchtofeedtheworldthatwearecreating.

Ilovethequietforestthatstandsbetweenmylabandmyhome.ButIknowthatasascientist,Iamresponsiblefirsttohumanity.Wemustfeed,shelterandnurtureoneanotherasourfirstpriority,andtodoso,wemusttakeadvantageofourbesttechnologies,whichhavealwaysincludedsometypeofgeneticmodification.Wemustcontinueasbefore,nourishingthefutureaswefeedourselves,andeachyearplantonlytheverybestofwhatwehavecollectivelyengineered.IkeepthefaithofmyancestorseachnightwhenIwalkthroughtheforesttomylab,andmyGMOwolfdoesthesamewhensheguardsmywayhome.

12.Whydoestheauthormentionthewolfinthe1stparagraph?

A.Toadvisepeopleto