初三世界历史全册复习提纲免费The outline of the third world history review free.docx

初三世界历史全册复习提纲免费The outline of the third world history review free.docx

《初三世界历史全册复习提纲免费The outline of the third world history review free.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初三世界历史全册复习提纲免费The outline of the third world history review free.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

初三世界历史全册复习提纲免费Theoutlineofthethirdworldhistoryreviewfree

初三世界历史全册复习提纲（免费）（Theoutlineofthethirdworldhistoryreview（free））

Outlineofthewholehistoryofthethirdworld.Txt

1.Renaissance

Time:

aroundfourteenthCentury

Location:

Italy

Reason:

theearliestproductionrelationsofthebourgeoisie

Thought:

HumanisticThought

Essence:

bourgeoisculturalmovement

Charactersandachievements:

[Italy]（poetDante's"DivineComedy"）

DaVinci[Italy]MasterofArt（thelastsupper）,MonaLisa

Shakespeare[British]literarygiants（Hamlett,RomeoandJuliet）

Significance:

theRenaissancepromotedtheprosperityoftheEuropeanculturalandideologicalfieldsandlaidtheideologicalandculturalfoundationfortheemergenceofcapitalistsocietyineurope.

2.newroutedevelopment

Rootcause:

thedevelopmentofcommodityeconomyandtheemergenceofcapitaleconomy

Process:

（1）1487,PortugalDiazvoyagefromPortugaltoCapeofGoodHopeEast.

（2）in1492,Columbo（Italian）wasbroughttoAmericabytheSpanishroyalfamily.

（3）from1497to1498,PortuguesedaGama（Portugalsupported）arrivedinIndiaandotherplaces

（4）from1519to1522,Magellansailedroundtheworldunderthecommandofthekingofspain.

Influence：

（1）aftertheopeningofthenewroute,thetransportationbetweenEuropeandAsia,theAmericasandAfricabecameincreasinglyclose,andtheworldbegantolinktogetherasawhole.（influenceontheworld）......

（2）theindustrialandcommercialeconomyflourishedalongthecoastoftheAtlantic,Europe,andpromotedtheemergenceanddevelopmentofcapitalism.（influenceoncapitalistdevelopment）

（3）thecapitalistmarketbegantotakeshape

（4）provedthetheoryoftheearthcircle

3.bourgeoisrevolutioninBritain

Background:

thedevelopmentofBritishcapitalismproducedanewclass-thebourgeoisieandthenewaristocracy

Fundamentalreason:

feudalautocraticrulehinderedthedevelopmentofBritishcapitalism

Time:

1640-1688

Fuse:

Scotlandpeople'sUprising

Startsign:

parliamentarysessionin1640

Leaders:

thebourgeoisieandthenewaristocracy

Document:

Billofrights（promulgatedaftertherevolution）

Results:

acapitalistcountrywithconstitutionalmonarchywasestablished

Significance:

theBritishbourgeoisieoverthrewthefeudalmonarchythroughtherevolution,establisheditsownrule,clearedthebarrierforthedevelopmentofthebourgeoisie,andpromotedthehistoricalprocessoftheworld.

Revolutionarycharacteristics:

longtime,tortuousprocess,compromise（notthorough）

4.AmericanRevolution

Reason：

（1）BritainhopesthattheNorthAmericancolonieswillalwaysmakeitsrawmaterials,producingareasandcommoditymarkets,andwilltrytosuppressthedevelopmentoftheNorthAmericaneconomy.

（2）thestrongdissatisfactionofthecolonialpeopleandtherisingresistance.

（3）BritishcolonialrulehinderedthedevelopmentofCapitalism（themainreason）

Time:

1775-1783

Startsign:

gunshotsatLexington

Fuse:

Bostonteaincident

Leaders:

theindustrialbourgeoisieofthenorthandtheplantationownersoftheSouth

Theendmark:

BritainrecognizesAmericanIndependence

Document:

thedeclarationofindependence（promulgatedintherevolution）,theconstitutionoftheUnitedStates（promulgatedaftertherevolution）

Results:

afederalcapitalistcountrywasestablished

Meaning:

theAmericanWarofindependencetheBritishcolonialrule,toachievenationalindependence,theestablishmentofademocraticpoliticalsystemclassofassets,isconducivetothedevelopmentofcapitalismintheUnitedStates,aftertherevolutionofEuropeandLatinAmericaplayedarole.

UnitedStatesConstitutionof1787:

（1）theConstitutionestablishesthattheUnitedStatesisafederalstate,whichstipulatesthatthepresidentistheheadofstateandtheheadofgovernmentandenjoysadministrativepower.

（2）theCongressandtheSupremeCourtholdthepowerofthelegislativeandjudicialpowersofthestaterespectively.

ThereasonsforthevictoryoftheAmericanrevolution:

（1）thejusticeofwar;

（2）thepeopleactivelyparticipateinthewar

（3）supportfromFrance,Hollandandothercountries

（4）correctleadershipandflexibletacticsbyWashingtonetal

5.theFrenchRevolution

Rootcause:

feudalautocraticruleblockedthedevelopmentofcapitalisteconomy

Time:

1789-1815

Beginningofthemark:

in1789,thepeopleofParisconqueredtheBastilleforthefirsttime

Fuse:

threelevelmeeting

Outbreaksign:

Leaders:

thebourgeoisie

Theendofthemark:

inApril1794,Robespierreandothersweresenttotheguillotineinthecoup

Document:

Declarationofhumanrights（promulgatedintherevolution）,code（promulgatedaftertherevolution）

Result:

thefirstFrenchRepublicwasestablished（NapoleonfoundedtheFrenchFirstEmpireaftertherevolution）

Meaning:

theFrenchRevolutiondestroyedtheFrenchfeudalrule,theestablishmentofthebourgeoisrepublic,againstthefeudalsysteminEurope,thespreadofbourgeoisliberaldemocraticandprogressivethoughtshavegreatinfluenceonworldhistory

Revolutionarycharacteristics:

（1）arduousandtortuousprocess

（2）therevolutionismostthorough

6.thefirstindustrialrevolution

Time:

from1760sto1840

Thebeginningofthelogo:

theinventionoftheJeannemachinein1760s

Features:

Wattimprovedsteamengine,awiderangeofheroes,humansintothe"steamgeneration"（notethesteam"steam"and"electrical""distinction"）

Theoreticalguidance:

Newtonianmechanics

Achievement:

（1）theinventionandmanufactureofmachines:

CottonTextile-metallurgy-Mining

（2）power:

Wattimprovedsteamengine

（3）thecreationofmeansoftransportation:

ships,trains;

（4）newenergy:

Coal

Influence：

（1）creatingenormousproductivity

（2）productionrelationschangedthesocialoutlook;capitalismfinallydefeatedfeudalism;thestrugglebetweenthetwoopposingclasses（thebourgeoisieandtheproletariat）wassharp

（3）theinternationalsituation:

thewesterncapitalistcountrieswhichtooktheleadincompletingtheindustrialrevolutiongraduallyestablishedtheruleoftheworld,andtheworldformedthesituationof"advancedintheWestandbackwardintheEast".Thecapitalistworldmarkethastakenshape

Emergingindustries:

machinerymanufacturing

Europeanlabourmovementinthe7.19Century

Chartermovement:

Reason:

innineteenthCentury,threeand40s,themajorityofworkersactivelyfoughttoimprovelaborandlivingconditionsandraisetheirpoliticalstatus.

Time:

1836-1848

Content:

universalsuffrageinordertohavetheopportunitytoparticipateinthemanagementofthecountry.

Characteristic:

itisthefirstmassandpoliticalproletarianrevolutionarymovementintheworld.

Influence：

（1）movementisthefirstmassandpoliticalproletarianrevolutionarymovementintheworld.

（2）duetothelackofguidanceofscientifictheory,thefurtherdevelopmentoftheworkers'movementwasaffected.

（3）itshowsthattheproletariathasbeenonthestageofhistoryasanindependentpoliticalpower,showingthegreatroleoftheproletariat.

ManifestooftheCommunistParty

Time:

1848

Thedrafters:

Marx,Engels

Content:

"theCommunistManifesto",analyzestheroleofclassstruggleintheclassinthedevelopmentofsocialhistory,revealstheobjectivelawofcapitalismmustbereplacedbysocialism,calledontheworkersoftheworldunite,fightfortheirownemancipation.

Influence:

theManifestooftheCommunistPartymarksthebirthofMarx.Undertheguidanceofscientifictheory,theinternationallabormovementhasenteredanewhistoricalperiod.

Pariscommune

Background:

（1）1870FrenchPrussianWar,France'sdefeat,PuarmyreachedPariscity.

（2）thebourgeoisgovernmenthasmadeabowtotheoutsideworldandpreparedtosuppressthepeople.

（3）inMarch1871,governmentforceswiththepeopleofParis,thenationalguardarmedconflict,resultingintheuprisingofParisworkers.

Influence：

（1）thecommuneofPariswasthefirstgreatattemptbytheproletariattoestablishapoliticalpower.

（2）thedauntlessspiritshownbythecommunesoldiersinthepresenceofpowerfulenemieswillalwaysinspirefuturegenerations.

8.AmericanCivilWar（AmericanCivilWar）

Thebasicreason:

theexistenceofslaveryhindersthedevelopmentofAmericancapitalism;thecontradictionbetweenthetwodifferenteconomicsystemsofthenorthandSouth（lackofproductivity）

Corecontradiction:

theabolitionandabolitionofslavery

Time:

1861-1865

PurposeofWar:

safeguardingnationalunity

Leader:

PresidentLincolnoftheUnitedStates

The"Declarationoftheliberationofblackslaves""HomesteadAct"（revolutionissued）

Role:

mobilizethemassesofthepeople,

Therevolutionaryzealofblackslaves,inparticular,enabledthewarsituationtobenefitthenorthandcreatedtheconditionsforvictoryintheNorth

Nature:

theAmericanCivilWarwasthesecondbourgeoisrevolutioninAmericanhistory.

Influence:

theabolitionofslaveryintheUnitedStateseliminatedamajorobstacletothedevelopmentofcapitalismandcreatedtheconditionsfortherapideconomicdevelopment（SecondIndustrialRevolution）

Reasonsforvictoryinthenorth:

（1）duringthecivilwar,thenortherngovernmentreceivedthesupportofthebroadmassesofthepeopleandblackslaves.

（2）thecapitalistsystemhasbeenimplementedinthenorth,conformingtothetrendofhistory.

（3）thenortherngovernmentupholdstheunityofthestateandhasjustice.

9.theexpansionandconsolidationofbourgeoisrule

Russia'sreformin1861

Background:

inthemiddleofthe1.16century,Russiabecameacentralizedfeudalcountry,whichwasdominatedbyserfdom.

（1）becauseoftheobstructionofserfdom,theRuss