高考英语阅读理解科普环保解析版汇编.docx

高考英语阅读理解科普环保解析版汇编.docx

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高考英语阅读理解科普环保解析版汇编

高考英语阅读理解（科普环保）解析版汇编

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

   IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.

   Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.

   Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.

   Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine（海洋的）animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.

   "Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.

（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?

A. Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.

B. Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.

C. TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.

D. Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.

（2）What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?

A. Lackingprotection.                                          

B. Beingstuckbyplastics.

C. Beingcaughtbyhumans.                                D. Treatingplasticsasfood.

（3）WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?

A. Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.

B. Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.

C. It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.

D. Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.

（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A. Abiologytextbook.                                         

B. Atravelbrochure.

C. Anenvironmentalreport.                                

D. Alifestylemagazine.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater. ”他们的塑料废物很可能在四百年后仍会存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是为了说明塑料废物对海洋有持久的影响，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明显受到伤害，被塑料制成的废弃物品卡住了。

可能有更多的人受到无形的伤害。

可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他说最好在海洋变成塑料汤之前建立一个必要的机构和制度的问题，可推知选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本题介绍了塑料垃圾给海洋以及海洋生物带来的危害。

是一篇环境保护类阅读，因此选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.

   Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.

   Withasmartthermostat（温度自动调节器）,ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.

   Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?

Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..

   Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.

   Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.

（1）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?

A. Fixanairconditioner.        

B. Takeahotbath.        

C. Runalot.        

D. Putonmoreclothes.

（2）Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?

A. Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.

B. Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.

C. Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.

D. Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.

（3）Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat________.

A. Tado'smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoit

B. withthein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecall

C. technologycandonothingtomakewinterlessrough

D. Bluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingforthehead

（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A. ASmartThermostat                                         

B. AModernwinter

C. Waysofkeepingwarm                                    

D. Anunpleasantwinter

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。

现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。

人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。

比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."可知，在我的记忆中，冬天总是很不令人愉快。

你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。

所以通过"keepwarm"可知，外出时要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。

故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词"bundleup"是多穿点衣服。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."可知，只要按下按钮，或者通过手机上

应用程序，安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。

所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems"可知，幸运的是，事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。

先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。

所以C选项"科技无法让冬天变得不那么难熬"不符合短文说明的内容。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。

现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。

人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。

比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

所以短文的最佳标题为"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"。

故B选项"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"符合题意。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

   Studiesshowthatolderpeopletendtorememberthepositivethingsinliferatherthanthenegativethings,whileyoungerpeoplerememberthepositiveandnegativeequallywell.Thedominantpsychologicaltheorytoexplainthisisthatolderpeopleareawareoftheirlimitedtimeleft,sotheyprioritizepositiveemotionalexperiences.Butaboutadecadeago,IworkedwithbiologistRobertTriversonhisideathattherewasanevolutionarybasisforolderpeople'sincreasedpositiveoutlook.Ourresearchtookusinthefascinatingdirectionofexploringhowthebodyusesitsenergy.

   Whenourancestorsneededmoreenergythanusual,perhapswhilebeingchasedbyatiger,theyhadtogetthatenergyfromsomewhereinthebody.Couldtheyborrowitfromthebrain?

Thatorganuses20percentofourmetabolic（新陈代谢）output,whetherwearesolvingmathproblemsorwatchingtelevisionreruns.Duetothisconstantenergyrequirement,borrowingenergyfromthebrainwhenourneedsurpassestheavailablesupplyisnotanoption.Perhapswecouldborrowenergyfromourmuscles.Becauseweusefarmoremuscleenergywhenweareactivethanwhenatrest,inprinciple,wecouldborrowenergywhenwearesitting.Buttheproblemisthatmostoftheenergy-demandingemergenciesofourancestorsrequiredamuscularresponse.Therewasnowaytoborrowenergyfromourmusclesduringanemergencybecauserelaxingwhenatigershowedupwasnotaneffectiveresponse.Thisbringsustoourimmunesystem,which,whenstrong,protectsusfrommanyillnessesanddiseases.Likethebrain,theimmunesystemworksatgreatmetaboliccost,butlargelyintheserviceofkeepingushealthyinthefuture.Wehaveanenormousnumberofimmunecellscoursingthroughourbody,amomentarybreakfromproductionisfine.So,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,oneoftheplacesitgoesisourimmunefunction