高一英语必修三导学案 Unit4Astronomy the science of the stars.docx

高一英语必修三导学案 Unit4Astronomy the science of the stars.docx

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高一英语必修三导学案Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

高一英语必修三导学案

Unit4Astronomy:

thescienceofthestars

教学目的和要求

类别

课程标准要求掌握的项目

话题

Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity

词汇

Astronomysystemreligiontheoryatombillionglobeviolentcarbonatmosphereunlikefundamentalharmfulacidchainmultiplyoxygenexistthusdioxidepuzzlebiologybiologistgravitysatellitegentlephysicistclimatecrashspaceshippullfloatmass

solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent…from,blockout,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchoutfor

功能

指示（instructions）：

Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat...Pleaselookat...

Makesurethat...Don’tforgetto...Watchoutfor...

Youneed...You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...

语法

主语从句（NounClausesasthesubject）

NounClausesasthesubjectisalsocalledtheSubjectClause.ThatmeansaNounClauseservesasSubjectinthesentence.ThewordswhichareusedinthisNounClauseare:

that,whether,who,what,which,when,where,how,why,etc.

Example

1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.

2.Itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.

Period1warming-upandreading

Ⅰwarming-up

背景介绍 

宇宙大爆炸理论:

 现代宇宙学中最有影响的一种学说。

它的主要观点是认为宇宙曾有一段从热到冷的演化史。

在这个时期里，宇宙体系在不断地膨胀，使物质密度从密到稀地演化，如同一次规模巨大的爆炸。

该理论的创始人之一是伽莫夫。

他认为：

我们所观测到的宇宙始于150亿年以前的一次大爆炸。

 1932年勒梅特首次提出现代宇宙大爆炸理论，1946年美国物理学家伽莫夫正式提出大爆炸理论，认为宇宙由大约200亿年前发生的一次大爆炸形成的。

爆炸之初，物质只能以中子、质子、电子、光子和中微子等基本粒子形态存在。

宇宙爆炸之后的不断膨胀，导致温度和密度很快下降。

随着温度降低、冷却，逐步形成原子、原子核、分子，并复合成为通常的气体。

气体逐渐凝聚成星云，星云进一步形成各种各样的恒星和星系，最终形成我们现在所看到的宇宙。

八大星系：

Mercury（水星）   Venus（金星）     Earth（地球）      Mars（火星） 

Jupiter（木星）    Saturn（土星）    Uranus（天王星）   Neptune（海王星）

Ⅱpre-reading

1.Whowrote“TheOriginofSpecies”（物种起源）?

A.NewtonB.EinsteinC.CharlesDarwin

2.HowmanyplanetsarethereintheSolarSystem?

A.7B.8C.9

A.frogB.snakeC.duck

D.fishE.birdF.dog

3.Whichonebelongstoamphibian（两栖动物）?

4.Whichonebelongstoreptile（爬行动物）?

5.Whichonebelongstomammal（哺乳动物）?

6.Whichgasisthemostimportantforlife?

A.carbondioxide（CO2）B.oxygen（O2）C.nitrogen（N2）

答案：

1.C2.B3.A4.B5.F6.B

Ⅲwhile-reading

Skimming:

1.Readthepassagecarefullyandanalyzeitsstructure.Writedownthemainideaforeachparagraph.

Paragraph1:

Paragraph2:

Paragraph3:

Paragraph4:

Paragraph5:

答案：

Paragraph1:

Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse

Paragraph2:

Theformationoftheearth

Paragraph3:

Theimportanceofwaterforlife

Paragraph4:

Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth

Paragraph5:

Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth

2.ReadingComprehension

（1）Whoknowshowlifebeganontheearthexactly?

A.Scientists.B.Astronomers.C.Noone.D.Aliens（外星人）.

（2）Whatdoes“smallcleveranimals”referto?

A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Dinosaurs.D.Humans.

（3）Theearthwasdifferentfromtheotherplanetsinthat__________.

A.acloudofdustwasaroundtheearthB.comfortableclimateremainedontheearth

C.waterremainedontheearthD.carbonremainedontheearth

（4）Theplantsgrewbeforetheanimalsbecausetheyprovide__________.

A.nutrientsforanimalstoabsorb（吸收）

B.oxygenforanimalstobreathe

C.necessarytemperatureforanimalstokeepwarm

D.watervapourforanimals

（5）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Thedustsettledintoasolidglobebetween4.5and3.6billionyearago.

B.Thefirstsmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceoftheland.

C.About2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimalsappearedandspreadintheocean.

D.Dinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.

答案：

1.C2.D3.C4.B5.D

Scanning：

Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.Usethereadingpassagetohelpyou.

1Insectsandamphibiansappeared.

2Dinosaursappeared.

3Theearthbecameasolidball.

4Smallplantsgrewonthewater.

5Reptilesappeared.

6Plantsbegantogrowondryland.

7Theearthwasacloudofdust.

8Waterappearedontheearth.

9Shellfishandotherfishappeared.

10Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.

11Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.

12Mammalsappeared.

答案:

107384961521211

Ⅳpost-reading

Textretelling:

Theexplosionoftheearthproduced_____________,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.Waterallowedtheearthto_________harmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmadeitpossiblefor_____todevelop.

Thearrivalofsmall_____encouragedthedevelopmentofearly_______andallsortsoffish.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.Somewere_______.Others,called_________,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,__________appearedforthefirsttime.Then________developed,whichbecamethemostimportantanimalsontheearthformillionsofyears.Aftertheydisappeared,________becamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsandtheyweredifferentbecausethey_______________theiryoungandproducedmilktofeedthem.

Smallcleveranimals,withhandsandfeet,________and_______allovertheearth.Astimewentby,theycoveredtheearthandhavebecomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

答案：

watervapourdissolvelifeplantsshellfishinsectsamphibiansreptilesdinosaursmammalsgavebirthtoappearedspread

Discussion:

Thinkaboutwhatyouhavereadanddiscussthesequestionsinpairs.

1.Whyisitwronginfilmsandstoriestoshowdinosaursandpeopletogether?

2.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?

3.Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?

Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?

4.Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?

答案：

1.Becausedinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.

2.Theyarethecleverestanimalsbecausetheyhavelargerbrainsthananyothercreatureontheearthsofar.

3.Pluto.Scientistsnowthinkitistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.

4.Humanbeingscausedglobalwarming.

Period2Languagepointsinreading

Ⅰ重点词汇

1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先

[典例]

Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也没弄明白。

[重点用法]

begin/startwith从……开始begin/startsthwith从……开始……

[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。

1）.He______hisspeech______apoem.

2）.Hisspeech____________apoem.

3）.__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.

Keys:

1）.began/started;with2）.began/startedwith3）.Tostart/beginwith

2.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的

[典例]

1）.Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。

2）.Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。

[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。

1）.The____________（教育系统）operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.

2）.Heintroducedusawell-designed____________（铁路系统）.

答案:

1）.educationalsystem2）.railwaysystem

3.violent

[观察]阅读下列各句，并观察violent在句中的用法。

1.Studentswereinvolvedinaviolentstrugglewiththepolice.

2.Hegetsveryviolentwhenheisdrunk.

3.HewasengagedinaveryviolentargumentwithHenry.

4.Theboatsankinaviolentstormatsea.

[点拨]violentadj.暴力的，激烈的，如句1；

狂暴的；暴躁的（情绪），如句2；

激烈的；尖锐的（言辞），如句3；

强烈的，猛烈的（风暴、地震等），如句4。

[拓展]violentlyadv.暴力地，猛烈地

violencen.（不可数）暴力行为；愤怒

[小试]将下列句子翻译成英语。

1．这次大地震使两千人无家可归。

2．那个女孩吃了太多的糖后牙疼得厉害。

3．讨论变得更加激烈了。

4．这些逃犯残暴而危险。

Key:

1.Theviolentearthquakeleft2,000peoplehomeless.

2.Thegirlhadaviolenttoothacheaftereatingtoomanycandies.

3.Thediscussiongrewmoreviolent.

4.Theescapedprisonersareviolentanddangerous.

4.intime及时；最终；迟早

[典例]

1）.Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。

2）.Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。

[短语归纳]time短语：

intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟innotime立刻；马上atnotime永不……

atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时

allthetime一直；始终；老是ontime按时；准时bythetime到……的时候为止

forthetimebeing暂时；暂且takeone’stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间

fromtimetotime不时地，间或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime从前

atthesametime同时；尽管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime争分夺秒

timeandagain一次又一次；重复地keeptime（钟表）走得准keepbadtime（钟、表）走得不准

takeone’stime慢慢来，别急haveagood/nice/hardtime（in）doingsth做某事很……

It’s（high/about）timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了

[练习]用time短语填空。

1）.Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.

2）.Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.

3）.Hurryup!

Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.

4）._____________________willIgiveup.

5）.Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.

6）._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.

7）.Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.

8）.You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.

Keys:

1）.intime2）.intime3）.innotime4）.Atnotime

5）.atthesametime6）.Atonetime7）.atatime8）.forthetimebeing

5.unlikeprep.不同；不像

【词语辨析】unlike/dislike

unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同

dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶

【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1）.Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.

2）.Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.

3）.Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______（like）.

4）.Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.

答案:

1）.dislikes2）.unlike3）.disliked4）.Unlike

6.harmfuladj.有害的