Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are知识点整理.docx

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Unit3Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare知识点整理

Unit3Couldyoutellmewheretherestroomsare?

语法

宾语从句的用法:

1.定义:

动词后的句子叫宾语从句。

Ithink我认为Iwonder我想知道Hesaid他说或Hesaidtome他对我说

Heasked他问或Heaskedme他问我Hetoldme他告诉我

2.语序:

宾语从句用陈述语序(陈述语序=引导词+肯定句的构成)

①一般现在时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+is/are/are+其他。

或引导词+主语+动词原形/三单+其他

②一般过去时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+was/were+其他。

或引导词+主语+动词的过去式+其他。

③现在进行时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+is/am/are+动词-ing+其他。

④过去进行时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他。

⑤一般将来时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+is/am/aregoingto+动词原形+其他。

或引导词+主语+will+动词原形+其他。

⑥过去将来时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+was/weregoingto+动词原形+其他。

或引导词+主语+would+动词原形+其他。

⑦现在完成时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。

⑧过去完成时的陈述语序是:

引导词+主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。

3.引导词:

宾语从句的引导词有三类:

①that可省略,不翻译。

Hesays(that)hewillstudyhardnextterm.

②if/whether是否Iwonderedif/whetherhewouldcomehere.

③特殊疑问词:

如what,where,how,when等。

MyteacheraskedmewhereIlived.

4.时态:

当主句是一般过去时时,宾语从句必须用过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)

①Hedoeshishomeworkeveryday.→Hismothersaidthathedidhishomeworkeveryday.

②Heislisteningtotapes.→Hismothersaidthathewaslisteningtotapes.

③HewillreturnherenextFriday.→HismothersaidthathewouldreturnherethenextFriday.

④Hehasalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.→Hismothersaidthathehadalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.

注意:

当宾语从句是客观事实或普遍真理时,永远都用一般现在时。

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.→Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaround

thesun.

必背:

Idon’tknowwhatIcando.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道我能做什么。

Ididn’tknowwhatIcoulddo.=Ididn’tknowwhattodo.我不知道我能做什么。

Iwonderif/whetherhewillcomehere.我想知道是否他将来这儿。

Iwonderedif/whetherhewouldcomehere.我想知道是否他将来这儿。

练习题:

1.Thegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.couldtakeB.cantakeC.takesD.willtake

2.Thepoliceaskedtheman__________.

A.wheredidheliveB.wheredoesheliveC.wherehelived D.wherehelives

3.Tinasaidshe__________tothemeetingthenextTuesday.

A.won’tgoB.isn’tgoingC.wouldn’tgoD.wasn’tgo

4.ItoldmyclassmatesUncleWang__________theTVsetforus.

A.willmend(修理)B.wouldmendC.ismending D.canmend

5.Theysaidthey__________abirthdaypartyat9:

00lastnight.

A.werehavingB.arehavingC.hadD.have

6.Isaidtomydaughter,“Don’tmakeanymistakesinit.”=I__________mydaughter__________anymistakesinit.

A.asked;don’tmakeB.ordered;didn’tmake

C.told;nottomakeD.told;tonotmake

7.—Theearthgoesroundthesun.

—Whatdidhesay?

Icouldn’thearhim.—_____________.

A.Hesaystheearthgoesroundthesun.

B.Hesaidtheearthgoesroundthesun.

C.Hesaidtheearthwentroundthesun.

D.Hesaystheearthwentroundthesun.

8.Tomsayshe_____washhandsbeforeameal.

A.musttoB.willhastoC.hastoD.haveto

9.IsaidI(cannot)hearhimclearly.

10.Theysaidthey(watch)TVatthistimeyesterday.

11.Shesaidthatshe(return)herethenextFriday.

SectionA

1.“问路”时为了使语气委婉、有礼貌,要经常使用Excuseme以及表示委婉语气的Can/Could/Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth.句型。

(please可以省略),这样会更容易从对方那里得到消息。

Can/Could/Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth?

意为“你能……吗?

肯定回答用Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly/Withpleasure.愿意效劳/Noproblem/OK.否定回答用Sorry.Ican’t,Ihaveto…/I’mafraidIcan’t等

Can/Could/Will/Wouldyoupleasenotdosth?

意为“你能不……吗?

回答一般是Sorry,Iwon’tdothat/itagain

练习:

(1)—CouldyoupleasehelpmechooseanMP4playeronline?

—.Mycomputerdoesn’twork.

A.Idon’tcareB.IhopesoC.I’mafraidIcan’t

(2)—Ican’tfindmyseat.Couldyoushowme,sir?

—.MayIseeyourticket,please?

A.SureB.IagreeC.GoodideaD.Itdoesn’tmatter

(3)youwaitafewmoreminutes?

It’llbeyourturnsoon.

A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might

(4)—Wouldyouplease______footballnearmyhome?

  —____________.

A.nottoplay,No                   B.notplay,Yes,Iwilldothatagain

C.notplay,Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain    

D.don’tplay,Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain

(5)—Couldyoupleasemakemeakite?

—_____.

A.Sorry,noproblemB.Certainly,noproblem

C.Excuseme,Ican'tD.No,can't

2.在英语中,疑问词+todo形式如:

howtogettothepark可以作宾语,相当于howIcangettothepark(宾语从句)如:

Idon’tknowhowtosolvetheproblem.=Idon’tknowhowIcansolvetheproblem.

Canyoutellmewhentoleave?

=CanyoutellmewhenIwillleave?

背:

Idon’tknowwhattodo=Idon’tknowwhatIcando?

—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?

—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere_____.

A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo

3.常用的问路句子:

①Excuseme.Isthereapostofficenearhere?

②Excuseme.Whichisthewaytothepostoffice?

③Excuseme.Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?

④Excuseme.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?

⑤Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?

4.get意为“得到、买、到达”

在英语中,有三个词可以表示“到达”,但用法不同

(1)arrive是不及物动词,后面需接介词at或in,再和表示地点的名词连用.arriveat常跟一个较小的地方;arrivein常跟一个较大的地方.

Hearrivedatthevillageat7:

30.

IwillarriveinBeijingtomorrow.

(2)reach是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语

IwillringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.我一到北京就给你打电话

(3)get是不及物动词,后面需加介词to,再跟表示地点的名词.

PleasewritetouswhenyougettoBeijing.

注意:

get和arrive后跟表地点的副词时,则不需接介词.

Myfatheroftengetshomeearly.我父亲经常回家早.

5.getsbsth=getsthforsb意为“为某人买/拿来某物”

Whydon’tyougetherascarf?

=?

Getmeacupoftea.=Getacupofteaforme.

6.与buy有关的常用句型

(1)buysb.sth=buysthforsb意为“给某人买某物”

Shebuysherfriendapresent.=.

(2)buysthfrom…意为“从某处买某物”Shebuysapresentfromthestore.

练习:

Iwanttobuyashirt_______myfather.A.toB.onC.forD.in

7.sellsbsth=sellsthtosb.意为“把某物卖给某人”

Isoldmycartomyyoungerbrother.=.

8.turnleft向左转turnright向右转

9.gopastthebank=passthebank经过银行动词是pass,常用短语passby.

Onmywayhome,Ipassbyabank.

10.区分between和among

(1)between指在两者之间,常用短语between…and…“在……和……之间”

LilyisbetweenAnnandTom.

(2)among意为“在……之间”指在三者或三者以上之间

Hesitsamongthechildren.

Theworkerswillbuildanewrailroadthetwocities.

A.sinceB.betweenC.asD.during

11.goalong=godown=goup意为“沿着……向前走”,多指沿街、道路、河边或堤坝向前走。

Goalongthisroad,andyou’llfindthebankattheend.

12.ontheright/left,表示“在右边、左边”

onone’sright/left意为“在某人的右边、左边”Thereisaparkonyourright.

13.beside介词,意为“在旁边;在附近”Theylivedinasmallvillagebesideariver.

14.apairof意为“一双、一对、一副、一条”用来修饰由两个部分构成的物体。

如trousers,jeans,glasses,shoes,socks等。

apairofshoes一双鞋.twopairsofshoes两双鞋

thispairofshoes这双鞋.thesepairsofshoes这些双鞋

注意:

这些词组的中心词是pair,谓语动词用单复数取决于pair

(1)—Wouldyouliketohavealookatsomepants?

Theymayfityouwell.

—Well,I’dliketotrythoseblue.

A.pairsB.oneC.pantD.pair

(2)Apairofshoesunderthebed.Theshoesmine.

A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are

15.onthethirdfloor.在三楼

Thereisabankthesecondfloor.

A.atB.onC.inD.with

16.awomanteacher一个女老师twowomenteachers两个女老师

17.区分through,across和past

(1)through指“从物体的空间或内部穿过”穿过forest(森林)、window(窗户)和cloud(云)时用through

Theywalkedthroughtheforestyesterday.

(2)across指“从物体表面穿过”穿过road(马路)、street(街道)和江河湖海时用across.

Wewalkedacrossthestreet.

(3)past表示从……旁边经过、路过。

Themaniswalkingpastashop.

(1)—CanaplaneflytheAtlanticOcean?

—Yes,butitneedstogothecloudsforhours.

A.across;through B.through;across 

C.across;across D.through;through

(2)Youcango(cross)thestreetwhenthetrafficlightsturngreen.

(3)Ithinkit’sexcitingtotrekthejungle.Doyouthinkso?

A.pastB.acrossC.overD.through

18.already意为“已经”,yet意为“还”都是现在完成时的标志词,区别是already用于肯定句中,yet用于疑问句和否定句中。

1.Ihavewateredtheplantsalready.(改为否定句)

Iwateredtheplants.

19.suggestdoingsth.建议做某事Shesuggestedgoingtherebybike.

suggest的名词是suggestion.

Thankstoyour(suggest),Igottocompletethejobintime.

20.onone’swayto……意为“在某人去……的路上”

YesterdayImetafriendofmineonmywaytoschool.

onmywayhome.在我回家的路上。

Onmywayschool,Ipassafruitshopeveryday.

A.to;byB.to;pastC.in;withD.of;for

21.在英语中习惯使用名词所有格来表示人们生活或工作的地方;习惯使用表示职业的名词所有格,表达该职业人员工作的场所;使用某人的名字的所有格,表达某人的家。

atthedoctor’s(office)在医务室atthebarber’s(shop)在理发店

atmyuncle’s(house)在我叔叔家

Manypeoplearewaiting________now.

A.atdoctor’sB.atthedoctorC.inthedoctorD.atthedoctor’s

22.辨析Let’s和Letus.

(1)Let’s表示向对方提建议,包括说话方和对方在内,其反意疑问句形式是shallwe.Let’sgofishing,shallwe?

(包括说话方和对方在内)

(2)Letus表示请求对方允许,不包括对方在内,其反意疑问句形式是willyou.

Letusgo,willyou?

让我们去,好吗?

(只指说话方,不包含对方)

23.start相当于begin后面既可以接动词不定式又可以接动名词形式。

starttodosth=startdoingsthbegintodosth=begindoingsth

(1)Theweekendtalkwillbeginat10o’clock.(选出同义选项)

A.startB.endC.openD.work

(2)TigerWoodsstarted__________whenhewasonlytenmonthsold.

A.golf(打高尔夫球)B.golferC.golfingD.golves

24.修饰形容词比较级的词有:

alot(多),alittle(有点儿),abit(有点儿),much(多),even(甚至),等

(1)—WhydoyoualwayswatchChannel10insteadofChannel5,Grandpa?

—TheprogramsonChannel10arebetter.

A.moremuchB.muchmoreC.moreD.much

(2)—Whatahotday!

—Theweatherreportsaysitwillbeeventomorrow.

A.coolerB.hotterC.wetterD.colder

SectionB

1.inexpensive意为“不昂贵的”,其同义词为cheap,反义词为expensive/dear

Thesweaterisinexpensive.

注意:

在英语里,我们说到things时,要用“expensive,cheap”,说到price时,要用“high,low”

2.safe是形容词,意为“安全的”,副词是safely,意为“安全地”。

名词是safety,意为“安全”。

反义词是dangerous意为“危险的”

Iamsafenow.

Wearrivedtheresafely.

Pleasefastenyourseatbeltforyoursafety.

3.动词不定式常作后置定语,意为“……的”。

agoodplacetoeat吃饭的好地方。

somethingtoeat一些吃的东西aroomtolivein一个居住的房间

—Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?

—I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavemuchhomework.

A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo

4.polite是形容词,意为“礼貌的”,politely是副词,意为“礼貌地;客气地”。

impolite是形容词,意为“不礼貌地”,impolitely是副词,意为“不礼貌地;不客气地”。

(1)Tomthinkspeoplewillhelphimifheasksforhelp(polite).

(2)Weshouldspeaktotheold.

A.politeB.politelyC.impoliteD.impolitely

5.correct可作形容词,意为“正确的,恰当的”,相当于right。

副词是correctly.

correct还可作动词,意为“改正”。

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