Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are知识点整理.docx
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Unit3Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare知识点整理
Unit3Couldyoutellmewheretherestroomsare?
语法
宾语从句的用法:
1.定义:
动词后的句子叫宾语从句。
Ithink我认为Iwonder我想知道Hesaid他说或Hesaidtome他对我说
Heasked他问或Heaskedme他问我Hetoldme他告诉我
2.语序:
宾语从句用陈述语序(陈述语序=引导词+肯定句的构成)
①一般现在时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+is/are/are+其他。
或引导词+主语+动词原形/三单+其他
②一般过去时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+was/were+其他。
或引导词+主语+动词的过去式+其他。
③现在进行时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+is/am/are+动词-ing+其他。
④过去进行时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他。
⑤一般将来时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+is/am/aregoingto+动词原形+其他。
或引导词+主语+will+动词原形+其他。
⑥过去将来时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+was/weregoingto+动词原形+其他。
或引导词+主语+would+动词原形+其他。
⑦现在完成时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。
⑧过去完成时的陈述语序是:
引导词+主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。
3.引导词:
宾语从句的引导词有三类:
①that可省略,不翻译。
Hesays(that)hewillstudyhardnextterm.
②if/whether是否Iwonderedif/whetherhewouldcomehere.
③特殊疑问词:
如what,where,how,when等。
MyteacheraskedmewhereIlived.
4.时态:
当主句是一般过去时时,宾语从句必须用过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
①Hedoeshishomeworkeveryday.→Hismothersaidthathedidhishomeworkeveryday.
②Heislisteningtotapes.→Hismothersaidthathewaslisteningtotapes.
③HewillreturnherenextFriday.→HismothersaidthathewouldreturnherethenextFriday.
④Hehasalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.→Hismothersaidthathehadalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.
注意:
当宾语从句是客观事实或普遍真理时,永远都用一般现在时。
Theearthgoesaroundthesun.→Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaround
thesun.
必背:
Idon’tknowwhatIcando.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道我能做什么。
Ididn’tknowwhatIcoulddo.=Ididn’tknowwhattodo.我不知道我能做什么。
Iwonderif/whetherhewillcomehere.我想知道是否他将来这儿。
Iwonderedif/whetherhewouldcomehere.我想知道是否他将来这儿。
练习题:
1.Thegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.couldtakeB.cantakeC.takesD.willtake
2.Thepoliceaskedtheman__________.
A.wheredidheliveB.wheredoesheliveC.wherehelived D.wherehelives
3.Tinasaidshe__________tothemeetingthenextTuesday.
A.won’tgoB.isn’tgoingC.wouldn’tgoD.wasn’tgo
4.ItoldmyclassmatesUncleWang__________theTVsetforus.
A.willmend(修理)B.wouldmendC.ismending D.canmend
5.Theysaidthey__________abirthdaypartyat9:
00lastnight.
A.werehavingB.arehavingC.hadD.have
6.Isaidtomydaughter,“Don’tmakeanymistakesinit.”=I__________mydaughter__________anymistakesinit.
A.asked;don’tmakeB.ordered;didn’tmake
C.told;nottomakeD.told;tonotmake
7.—Theearthgoesroundthesun.
—Whatdidhesay?
Icouldn’thearhim.—_____________.
A.Hesaystheearthgoesroundthesun.
B.Hesaidtheearthgoesroundthesun.
C.Hesaidtheearthwentroundthesun.
D.Hesaystheearthwentroundthesun.
8.Tomsayshe_____washhandsbeforeameal.
A.musttoB.willhastoC.hastoD.haveto
9.IsaidI(cannot)hearhimclearly.
10.Theysaidthey(watch)TVatthistimeyesterday.
11.Shesaidthatshe(return)herethenextFriday.
SectionA
1.“问路”时为了使语气委婉、有礼貌,要经常使用Excuseme以及表示委婉语气的Can/Could/Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth.句型。
(please可以省略),这样会更容易从对方那里得到消息。
Can/Could/Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth?
意为“你能……吗?
”
肯定回答用Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly/Withpleasure.愿意效劳/Noproblem/OK.否定回答用Sorry.Ican’t,Ihaveto…/I’mafraidIcan’t等
Can/Could/Will/Wouldyoupleasenotdosth?
意为“你能不……吗?
”
回答一般是Sorry,Iwon’tdothat/itagain
练习:
(1)—CouldyoupleasehelpmechooseanMP4playeronline?
—.Mycomputerdoesn’twork.
A.Idon’tcareB.IhopesoC.I’mafraidIcan’t
(2)—Ican’tfindmyseat.Couldyoushowme,sir?
—.MayIseeyourticket,please?
A.SureB.IagreeC.GoodideaD.Itdoesn’tmatter
(3)youwaitafewmoreminutes?
It’llbeyourturnsoon.
A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might
(4)—Wouldyouplease______footballnearmyhome?
—____________.
A.nottoplay,No B.notplay,Yes,Iwilldothatagain
C.notplay,Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain
D.don’tplay,Sorry,Iwon’tdothatagain
(5)—Couldyoupleasemakemeakite?
—_____.
A.Sorry,noproblemB.Certainly,noproblem
C.Excuseme,Ican'tD.No,can't
2.在英语中,疑问词+todo形式如:
howtogettothepark可以作宾语,相当于howIcangettothepark(宾语从句)如:
Idon’tknowhowtosolvetheproblem.=Idon’tknowhowIcansolvetheproblem.
Canyoutellmewhentoleave?
=CanyoutellmewhenIwillleave?
背:
Idon’tknowwhattodo=Idon’tknowwhatIcando?
—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?
—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere_____.
A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo
3.常用的问路句子:
①Excuseme.Isthereapostofficenearhere?
②Excuseme.Whichisthewaytothepostoffice?
③Excuseme.Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
④Excuseme.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
⑤Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?
4.get意为“得到、买、到达”
在英语中,有三个词可以表示“到达”,但用法不同
(1)arrive是不及物动词,后面需接介词at或in,再和表示地点的名词连用.arriveat常跟一个较小的地方;arrivein常跟一个较大的地方.
Hearrivedatthevillageat7:
30.
IwillarriveinBeijingtomorrow.
(2)reach是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语
IwillringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.我一到北京就给你打电话
(3)get是不及物动词,后面需加介词to,再跟表示地点的名词.
PleasewritetouswhenyougettoBeijing.
注意:
get和arrive后跟表地点的副词时,则不需接介词.
Myfatheroftengetshomeearly.我父亲经常回家早.
5.getsbsth=getsthforsb意为“为某人买/拿来某物”
Whydon’tyougetherascarf?
=?
Getmeacupoftea.=Getacupofteaforme.
6.与buy有关的常用句型
(1)buysb.sth=buysthforsb意为“给某人买某物”
Shebuysherfriendapresent.=.
(2)buysthfrom…意为“从某处买某物”Shebuysapresentfromthestore.
练习:
Iwanttobuyashirt_______myfather.A.toB.onC.forD.in
7.sellsbsth=sellsthtosb.意为“把某物卖给某人”
Isoldmycartomyyoungerbrother.=.
8.turnleft向左转turnright向右转
9.gopastthebank=passthebank经过银行动词是pass,常用短语passby.
Onmywayhome,Ipassbyabank.
10.区分between和among
(1)between指在两者之间,常用短语between…and…“在……和……之间”
LilyisbetweenAnnandTom.
(2)among意为“在……之间”指在三者或三者以上之间
Hesitsamongthechildren.
Theworkerswillbuildanewrailroadthetwocities.
A.sinceB.betweenC.asD.during
11.goalong=godown=goup意为“沿着……向前走”,多指沿街、道路、河边或堤坝向前走。
Goalongthisroad,andyou’llfindthebankattheend.
12.ontheright/left,表示“在右边、左边”
onone’sright/left意为“在某人的右边、左边”Thereisaparkonyourright.
13.beside介词,意为“在旁边;在附近”Theylivedinasmallvillagebesideariver.
14.apairof意为“一双、一对、一副、一条”用来修饰由两个部分构成的物体。
如trousers,jeans,glasses,shoes,socks等。
apairofshoes一双鞋.twopairsofshoes两双鞋
thispairofshoes这双鞋.thesepairsofshoes这些双鞋
注意:
这些词组的中心词是pair,谓语动词用单复数取决于pair
(1)—Wouldyouliketohavealookatsomepants?
Theymayfityouwell.
—Well,I’dliketotrythoseblue.
A.pairsB.oneC.pantD.pair
(2)Apairofshoesunderthebed.Theshoesmine.
A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are
15.onthethirdfloor.在三楼
Thereisabankthesecondfloor.
A.atB.onC.inD.with
16.awomanteacher一个女老师twowomenteachers两个女老师
17.区分through,across和past
(1)through指“从物体的空间或内部穿过”穿过forest(森林)、window(窗户)和cloud(云)时用through
Theywalkedthroughtheforestyesterday.
(2)across指“从物体表面穿过”穿过road(马路)、street(街道)和江河湖海时用across.
Wewalkedacrossthestreet.
(3)past表示从……旁边经过、路过。
Themaniswalkingpastashop.
(1)—CanaplaneflytheAtlanticOcean?
—Yes,butitneedstogothecloudsforhours.
A.across;through B.through;across
C.across;across D.through;through
(2)Youcango(cross)thestreetwhenthetrafficlightsturngreen.
(3)Ithinkit’sexcitingtotrekthejungle.Doyouthinkso?
A.pastB.acrossC.overD.through
18.already意为“已经”,yet意为“还”都是现在完成时的标志词,区别是already用于肯定句中,yet用于疑问句和否定句中。
1.Ihavewateredtheplantsalready.(改为否定句)
Iwateredtheplants.
19.suggestdoingsth.建议做某事Shesuggestedgoingtherebybike.
suggest的名词是suggestion.
Thankstoyour(suggest),Igottocompletethejobintime.
20.onone’swayto……意为“在某人去……的路上”
YesterdayImetafriendofmineonmywaytoschool.
onmywayhome.在我回家的路上。
Onmywayschool,Ipassafruitshopeveryday.
A.to;byB.to;pastC.in;withD.of;for
21.在英语中习惯使用名词所有格来表示人们生活或工作的地方;习惯使用表示职业的名词所有格,表达该职业人员工作的场所;使用某人的名字的所有格,表达某人的家。
如
atthedoctor’s(office)在医务室atthebarber’s(shop)在理发店
atmyuncle’s(house)在我叔叔家
Manypeoplearewaiting________now.
A.atdoctor’sB.atthedoctorC.inthedoctorD.atthedoctor’s
22.辨析Let’s和Letus.
(1)Let’s表示向对方提建议,包括说话方和对方在内,其反意疑问句形式是shallwe.Let’sgofishing,shallwe?
(包括说话方和对方在内)
(2)Letus表示请求对方允许,不包括对方在内,其反意疑问句形式是willyou.
Letusgo,willyou?
让我们去,好吗?
(只指说话方,不包含对方)
23.start相当于begin后面既可以接动词不定式又可以接动名词形式。
starttodosth=startdoingsthbegintodosth=begindoingsth
(1)Theweekendtalkwillbeginat10o’clock.(选出同义选项)
A.startB.endC.openD.work
(2)TigerWoodsstarted__________whenhewasonlytenmonthsold.
A.golf(打高尔夫球)B.golferC.golfingD.golves
24.修饰形容词比较级的词有:
alot(多),alittle(有点儿),abit(有点儿),much(多),even(甚至),等
(1)—WhydoyoualwayswatchChannel10insteadofChannel5,Grandpa?
—TheprogramsonChannel10arebetter.
A.moremuchB.muchmoreC.moreD.much
(2)—Whatahotday!
—Theweatherreportsaysitwillbeeventomorrow.
A.coolerB.hotterC.wetterD.colder
SectionB
1.inexpensive意为“不昂贵的”,其同义词为cheap,反义词为expensive/dear
Thesweaterisinexpensive.
注意:
在英语里,我们说到things时,要用“expensive,cheap”,说到price时,要用“high,low”
2.safe是形容词,意为“安全的”,副词是safely,意为“安全地”。
名词是safety,意为“安全”。
反义词是dangerous意为“危险的”
Iamsafenow.
Wearrivedtheresafely.
Pleasefastenyourseatbeltforyoursafety.
3.动词不定式常作后置定语,意为“……的”。
agoodplacetoeat吃饭的好地方。
somethingtoeat一些吃的东西aroomtolivein一个居住的房间
—Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?
—I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavemuchhomework.
A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo
4.polite是形容词,意为“礼貌的”,politely是副词,意为“礼貌地;客气地”。
impolite是形容词,意为“不礼貌地”,impolitely是副词,意为“不礼貌地;不客气地”。
(1)Tomthinkspeoplewillhelphimifheasksforhelp(polite).
(2)Weshouldspeaktotheold.
A.politeB.politelyC.impoliteD.impolitely
5.correct可作形容词,意为“正确的,恰当的”,相当于right。
副词是correctly.
correct还可作动词,意为“改正”。