如何写主题句Word文档格式.docx

如何写主题句Word文档格式.docx

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Airtravelismoreconvenientthantrainforatleastthreereasons．

从上例主题句我们得知作者将要写“airtravel”（topic），他将要把“train”（aspect）和“airtravel”作比较，并且述“reasons”。

由此可见，作者在“aspect”（方面）和“reason”（原因）两方面限制他的主题。

3）要注意主题的可写性

所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。

Example4：

InHemingway'

sstory“Soldier’sHome”，KrebstellshismotherthathewantsnopartofGod'

sKingdom．

这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。

Example5：

sstory“Soldier’sHome”，Krebisalonely，cynicalveteran．

这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕“lonely，cynical”展开段落。

Example6：

Letmetellyousomethingaboutoverpopulation．

这个句子太笼统，作为一个段落的主题太大，难于驾驭。

如何写论据

论证方法：

同一段可以使用多个论证手段

但是：

不是说每一段都得使用到这几种，将论证方法分散到你的论据中。

不要成了填空式作文。

1.扩展主题句

（基本句型）

1.扩展主题句：

A:

同义替换

1.inotherwords换言之

2.thatistosay也就是说

3.tobemoreprecise说的具体一些

4.by…Imean我的意思是

5.thismeans…这意味着

6.Namely

主题句中的名词讲清楚---抽象名词具体化

Thecostoflivinghasbeensteadilyrisinginthepastdecades.

Foodprices,clothingcosts,housingexpenses,andtuitionfeesannuallyincreasedby5.59%overtheperiodof1995to2008.

TS:

Foronething,offeringacademicknowledgecancontributetostudents’achievement.

使用拓展主题句方法展开：

Thatistosay,inprimaryschool,childrenshouldbeinstilledtheabilityofspellChinesecharactersandbasicmathematicalknowledgewhichensurethemmasteringthemonsenseindailylifeandofferingthefirststepoffurthereducation.

展开支持句的方法：

1.因果展开

Anadvantageofgoingtoschoolatanearlyageisthatchildrendevelopfastersocially.

展开句：

theylearnhowtomakefriendswithotherchildrenofasimilarage.Thisisoftennotpossibleathomebecausetheirbrothersorsistersareolderoryounger.

Carpaniesshouldhelppeoplebetterunderstandelectriccars.

Asfuelpricesareveryhigh,peoplewillbuyelectricaresiftheyknowthatelectriccarssavethemmoneyinthelongterm.

Theinternetisthekeytotheknowledgeandinformationavailableintheworldtoday.

Therefore,itisimportantthatchildrenlearntousetheequipmentwithconfidence.

2.举例展开

Weneedtoimprovethepublictransportservicesavailabletotravelers

Forexample,ifbetterundergroundtrainsystemswerebuiltandmaintainedinourmajorcities,thentrafficontheroadswouldbereduced.

Childrenneedtodevelopsocialskills.

Agoodwayforthemtodothisisthroughactivitiessuchasteamsportsandplayingwithotherchildren.

举例子常用短语

1.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthefactthatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplearefindingiteasiertogetjobs.

2.AgoodcaseinpointisWuhan,whichhasapedestrianshoppingstreet.

3.Takemyfatherasanexample.

4.toillustrate,asanillustration

3.对比展开

Peopletodayarelessactivethantheyusedtobe.

MostadultsrelaxbywatchingtelevisionorbrowsingtheInternet,whilechildrenplayvideogamesinsteadofplayingsports.

Youngpeoplewhopassdirectlyfromschooltouniversityhavelimitedexperienceoftheworld.

Bycontrast,thosewhohavespentsometimetravelingtootherplaceshaveabroaderviewoflife.

对比论证parisonandcontrast

A：

具体情况反对对比

B:

过去和现在的对比

Shouldyoungadultswantindependencefromtheirparentsassoonaspossible?

TS:

Atthecontemporarysociety,moralguidanceshouldbeofferedbyparentstoensurethoseyoungfellowstorefrainfrommisleadingbyinappropriatematerials.

第一句：

如果年轻人没有适当的保护直接面对社会上所有的诱惑，他们就会比和父母生活在一起的同龄人更有可能走上犯罪道路。

Ifyoungadultsareexposedwithoutproperprotectionfromtheirparentstoallthetemptationsandevilsofsociety,theyaremorelikelytofallintoalifeofcrimethanpeopleofthesameagewhostilllivewiththeirparents.

第二句：

转折

相反，对于那些依然和父母生活的年轻人来说，他们会知道当他们有困难的时候该怎么做。

Conversely,forthosewhostillstaywiththeirfamilies,theymightbeinformedofcorrectwayswhentheyareintrouble.

论据综合实例

Somepeoplethinkthatnewsmediaisnegativeforsociety,whatisyouropinion?

Thenewsmediaistheonlywayforthepublictobeinformedofavarietyofusefulknowledgeininformationsocietyandthereisnosubstituteatthemoment.

Inthepast,andindividualhadtodealwithveryfewthingswithinonedayandthereforeitwaspossibleforhimtoknowwhathappenedaroundhiminperson.Butnowadays,withthetrendofglobalization,hecouldvirtuallydonothingwithoutthenewsmedia.Forexample,thenewsstoriesabouttheeducationpoliciesabroadandtheoverseasstudyingexperiencehaveaddictedparentsandtheirchildrentoselectthesuitableuniversitiesbeforetheyhavenotgottheopportunitytovisitthecountryinvolved.

4.类比展开

Itgivespupilsmoreopportunitytochoosesubjectsfreely.

Forexample,amuchhigherproportionofgirlsstudysciencewhentheyattendgirls’schoolsthangirlsinmixedschooldo.Similarly,boysinsing-sexschoolsaremorelikelytostudylanguages,whichareoftenthoughtofastraditionalsubjectsforgirls.

Topsportsprofessionalsarepaidhugesalaries.

Likefilmstars,theyliveinlargehousesanddriveexpensivecars.

5.让步展开

Manyadvertisingpaniesproduceadvertisementswithfamousactorsorsingers

People，especiallyyoungpeople,buygoodsthattheirfavoriteactorsorsingersadvertise,althoughtheydonotreallyneedtheproducts.

Mostoftherubbishesfromthepackagingfromthethingswebuy.

Evenifwebuyfreshwithoutpackaging,westillproducerubbishfromplasticbags.

6.假设展开

Securitycamerascandetercriminals.

Iftheyseeasecuritycamera,theymaythinktwiceaboutbreakingintoabuildingorstealingacar.

Weneedtoimprovethepublictransportservicesavailabletotravelers.

Forexample,ifbetterundergroundtrainsystemswerebuiltandmaintainedinourmajorscities,thentrafficontheroadswouldbereduced.

Stressfulworkingconditionsmeanthatphysicalactivityisnolongerpartofourworkingorleisuretime.

Iftherewereeasy-to-reachsportscenters,wewouldbemorelikelytomakeexercisearegularpartofourlives.

Governmentfundingforpublicartprojectsshouldbecontinued.

Withoutsuchfunding,citiesandtownswouldbemuchlessinterestingandattractive.

If......thenmaybelikelytowithout...,.....would......

7.下定义展开

Theyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant.

Thismeansthatthechildrengrowupwithoutanyunderstandingofwheretheirstandardoflivingesfrom.

Thosewhohavespentsometimeearningalivinghaveabroaderviewoflife.

Theytendtobemoreindependent,whichisaveryimportantfactorinacademicstudyandresearch.

8.限定围（取或舍）展开

Thebirthrateisdecreasingsothatfamiliesaresmallerwithfewerchildren.

Thesechildrenareoftenspoilt,notintermsofloveandattention,butinmorematerialways.Theyareallowedtohavewhatevertheywant.

Carsownerscanalsohelptoreducepollution.

Theycantakepublictransportratherthandrivingwheneverpossible.

让步段的写法

必須指出

让步段是问题的次要方面

或者有解决方案

学生是否应该兼职？

Thesis：

Studentsshouldtakepart-timejobs.

Point1:

Studentscanmakesomemoney.

Point2:

Studentscangetsomeworkingexperience.

Concession:

Admittedly,takingapart-timejobmayhavesomedisadvantages.Forinstance,ifstudentsspendexcessivetimeonpart-timejobs,theiracademicperformancemightdrop.However,Istillthinkthebenefitsofpart-timejobsoverweighthenegativeeffects.

如何写末段：

首段

引出主题+总论点

中间段落

分论点1+论证分论点2+论证分论点3+论证

末段

重申总论点+补充说明

宗旨：

重申总论点和最重要的分论点

结构：

首词（表示总结的关联词）+重申总论点+补充说明

议论类的关联词

Inanutshell/insum/allinall/inconclusion/

Itisaninescapableconclusionthat

Whenallthefactorsareexamined,wemaysafelyetotheconclusionthat

Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecanseethat（itisobviousthat，personally,Ifirmlyholdthat）….

二.问题解决类文章的首词或首句（结尾段需要给出建议类型）

Nevertheless,numeroussolutionstothisproblemmaybefound.

Frommypointofview,whatteenagersareinurgentneedofisto…

Torelieveit,Iwishtosuggestthreeappropriatemeasures.

三.两边倒

1）.总论点+两面性不影响特性

2）.总论点+结合两方面

1）.总论点+两面性不影响特性

Therearevariouskindsofmediausedformunicatinginformation,suchasthetheatre,films,ics.TV,radioandbooks.Whichdoyouthinkisthemosteffective?

Howdoyouthinkaboutit?

.......

Inaword,TVhasbothitsstrengthsanditsweakness.Yetthistwo-sidednessdoesnotpreventTVbeingthemosteffectiveofallthemediainsocietytoday.

Surveillancecameras------

Allinall,thebestsolutionisforbothsidestorespecteachother’sneeds.Theshopkeepershouldplacesurveillancecamerasinsuchawaythatthecustomerdoesnotfeelthatheorsheisbeingspiedupon.Atthesametime,thecustomershouldrespecttheshopkeeper’sconcernabouttheft.

四.一边倒

1）总论点+最重要的分论点

2）总论点+否则

总论点+最重要的分论点

Deathpenalty-----

Personally,Iamanopponentofthedeathpenalty.Mistakescouldbemadewhichitisnotpossibletorectify.Inaddition,thereisnoevidencethatthedeathpenaltyhastheeffectofreducingcrime,whichissurelytheaimofpunishment.

总论点+否则

Somepeoplethinkthat,asscientistscontributemoretothedevelopmentofoursocietythanotherpeople,sciencestudentsgetmorefinancialsupportfromthegovernmentthanotherstudentsget.Doyouagreeordisagree?

-------

Insum,theneedsofscienceandartsstudentsforhighereducationshouldbedulyandequallyaddressedbythegovernment.Otherwisenotonlywouldtheworldbeemuchdrierandduller,butsoci