剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文.docx

剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文.docx

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剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+详细解析+译文

剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+詳細解析+译文:

　　READINGPASSAGE3

　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3onthefollowingpages.

　　Questions27-32

　　ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphs,A-G.

　　ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsB-Gfromthelistofheadingsbelow.

　　Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.

ListofHeadings

iThereactionoftheInuitcommunitytoclimatechange

iiUnderstandingofclimatechangeremainslimited

iiiAlternativesourcesofessentialsupplies

ivRespectforInuitopiniongrows

vAhealthierchoiceoffood

viAdifficultlandscape

viiNegativeeffectsonwell-being

viiiAlarmcausedbyunprecedentedeventsintheArctic

ixThebenefitsofaneasierexistence

ExampleAnswer

ParagraphAviii

　　27  ParagraphB

　　28  ParagraphC

　　29  ParagraphD

　　30  ParagraphE

　　31  ParagraphF

　　32  ParagraphG

　　A UnusualincidentsarebeingreportedacrosstheArctic.Inuitfamiliesgoingoffonsnowmobilestopreparetheirsummerhuntingcampshavefoundthemselvescutofffromhomebyaseaofmud,followingearlythaws.Therearereportsofiglooslosingtheirinsulatingpropertiesasthesnowdripsandrefreezes,oflakesdrainingintotheseaaspermafrostmelts,andseaicebreakingupearlierthanusual,carryingsealsbeyondthereachofhunters.Climatechangemaystillbearatherabstractideatomostofus,butintheArcticitisalreadyhavingdramaticeffects-ifsummertimeicecontinuestoshrinkatitspresentrate,theArcticOceancouldsoonbecomevirtuallyice-freeinsummer.Theknock-oneffectsarelikelytoincludemorewarming,cloudierskies,increasedprecipitationandhighersealevels.Scientistsareincreasinglykeentofindoutwhat'sgoingonbecausetheyconsidertheArcticthe'canaryinthemine'forglobalwarming-awarningofwhat'sinstorefortherestoftheworld.

　　B FortheInuittheproblemisurgent.Theyliveinprecariousbalancewithoneofthetoughestenvironmentsonearth.Climatechange,whateveritscauses,isadirectthreattotheirwayoflife.NobodyknowstheArcticaswellasthelocals,whichiswhytheyarenotcontentsimplytostandbackandletoutsideexpertstellthemwhat'shappening.InCanada,wheretheInuitpeoplearejealouslyguardingtheirhard-wonautonomyinthecountry'snewestterritory,Nunavut,theybelievetheirbesthopeofsurvivalinthischangingenvironmentliesincombiningtheirancestralknowledgewiththebestofmodernscience.Thisisachallengeinitself.

　　C TheCanadianArcticisavast,treelesspolardesertthat'scoveredwithsnowformostoftheyear.Ventureintothisterrainandyougetsomeideaofthehardshipsfacinganyonewhocallsthishome.Farmingisoutofthequestionandnatureoffersmeagrepickings.HumansfirstsettledintheArcticamere4,500yearsago,survivingbyexploitingseamammalsandfish.Theenvironmenttestedthemtothelimits:

sometimesthecolonistsweresuccessful,sometimestheyfailedandvanished.Butaroundathousandyearsago,onegroupemergedthatwasuniquelywelladaptedtocopewiththeArcticenvironment.TheseThulepeoplemovedinfromAlaska,bringingkayaks,sleds,dogs,potteryandirontools.Theyaretheancestorsoftoday'sInuitpeople.

　　D LifeforthedescendantsoftheThulepeopleisstillharsh.Nunavutis1.9millionsquarekilometresofrockandice,andahandfulofislandsaroundtheNorthPole.It'scurrentlyhometo2,500people,allbutahandfulofthemindigenousInuit.Overthepast40years,mosthaveabandonedtheirnomadicwaysandsettledintheterritory's28isolatedcommunities,buttheystillrelyheavilyonnaturetoprovidefoodandclothing.

　　ProvisionsavailableinlocalshopshavetobeflownintoNunavutononeofthemostcostlyairnetworksintheworld,orbroughtbysupplyshipduringthefewice-freeweeksofsummer.Itwouldcostafamilyaroundf7,000ayeartoreplacemeattheyobtainedthemselvesthroughhuntingwithimportedmeat.Economicopportunitiesarescarce,andformanypeoplestatebenefitsaretheironlyincome.

　　E WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeopleforwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeenproblems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trappingandpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavut's'iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.

　　F Withsomuchatstake,theInuitaredeterminedtoplayakeyroleinteasingoutthemysteriesofclimatechangeintheArctic.Havingsurvivedthereforcenturies,theybelievetheirwealthoftraditionalknowledgeisvitaltothetask.AndWesternscientistsarestartingtodrawonthiswisdom,increasinglyreferredtoas‘lnuitQaujimajatuqangit’,orIQ.‘Intheearlydaysscientistsignoreduswhentheycameupheretostudyanything.Theyjustfiguredthesepeopledon'tknowverymuchsowewon'taskthem,’saysJohnAmagoalik,anInuitleaderandpolitician.'ButinrecentyearsIQhashadmuchmorecredibilityandweight.'Infactitisnowarequirementforanyonehopingtogetpermissiontodoresearchthattheyconsultthecommunities,whoarehelpingtosettheresearchagendatoreflecttheirmostimportantconcerns.Theycanturndownapplicationsfromscientiststheybelievewillworkagainsttheirinterests,orresearchprojectsthatwillimpingetoomuchontheirdailylivesandtraditionalactivities.

　　G SomescientistsdoubtthevalueoftraditionalknowledgebecausetheoccupationoftheArcticdoesn'tgobackfarenough.Others,however,pointoutthatthefirstweatherstationsinthefarnorthdatebackjust50years.Therearestillhugegapsinourenvironmentalknowledge,anddespitethescientificonslaught,manypredictionsarenomorethanbestguesses.IQcouldhelptobridgethegapandresolvethetremendousuncertaintyabouthowmuchofwhatwe'reseeingisnaturalcapriciousnessandhowmuchistheconsequenceofhumanactivity.

　　Questions33-40

　　CompletethesummaryofparagraphsCandDbelow.

　　ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromparagraphsCandDforeachanswer.

　　Writeyouranswersinboxes33-40onyouranswersheet.

　　IfyouvisittheCanadianArctic,youimmediatelyappreciatetheproblemsfacedbypeopleforwhomthisishome.Itwouldclearlybeimpossibleforthepeopletoengagein33....................asameansofsupportingthemselves.Forthousandsofyearstheyhavehadtorelyoncatching34....................and35....................asameansofsustenance.

　　Theharshsurroundingssawmanywhotriedtosettletherepushedtotheirlimits,althoughsomeweresuccessful.The36....................peoplewereanexampleofthelatterandforthemtheenvironmentdidnotproveunmanageable.Forthepresentinhabitants,lifecontinuestobeastruggle.TheterritoryofNunavutconsistsoflittlemorethanice,rockandafew37....................Inrecentyears,manyofthemhavebeenobligedtogiveuptheir38....................lifestyle,buttheycontinuetodependmainlyon39....................fortheirfoodandclothes.40....................produceisparticularlyexpensive.

体裁 议论文

　　主题 气候变化与因纽特人

　　结构 A段：

概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟   B段：

因纽特人对于环境变化做出的反应

　　C段：

艰苦恶劣的自然条件   D段：

生活必需品来源的替代品

　　E段：

安逸生活的负面影响   F段：

因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视

　　G段：

人们对于环境的认识十分有限

A段 

B段 

　　urgent adj.急迫的，紧要的，紧急的 hard-won adj.难得的，来之不易的

　　precarious a.不确定的；危险的 autonomy n.自治.自治权

　　threat n.威胁 liein 在于

　　content adj.满足的 combine v.结合

　　standback 退后（靠后站，不介入） ancestral a.祖先的，祖传的

C段 

D段 

E段 

　　curtail v.缩减，减少 identity n.身份；特性

　　obesity n.肥胖，肥大

F段 

G段 

　　occupation n.占有 tremendous adj.巨大的，惊人的

　　onslaught n.冲击 capriciousness n.任性；善变

　　prediction n.预言，预报

　　难句解析

　　1.WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople’shealth.

　　参考译文：

即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许也不会真的挨饿受冻，但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。

　　语言点：

（1）starve：

使饿死，饿得要死

　　a.tosufferordiebecauseyoudonothaveenoughtoeat

　　①Thousandsofpeoplewillstarveiffooddoesn'treachthecity.如果食物到不了城市，成千上万的人将饿死。

　　②They'lleitherdiefromthecoldorstarvetodeath（=diefromlackoffood）.他们不是冻死就是饿死。

　　b.bestarving:

tobeveryhungry

　　Youmustbestarving!

你肯定饿了。

　　c.starvesomebody/somethingofsomething:

tonotgivesomethingthatisneeded

　　Theschoolsarestarvedoffunding.学校需要资金。

（2）curtail：

缩减

　　toreduceorlimitsomething

　　①Thenewlawwillcurtailpolicepowers.新法律将减弱警察的势力。

　　②Budgetcutshavedrasticallycurtailedtrainingprograms.预算削减极大程度地减少了培训项目。

　　2.InNunavut's‘iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.

　　参考译文：

在努纳武特地区“圆顶冰屋加电子邮件”的社会中，父母出生在冰屋之中，而其子女们或许从来没有到野外狩猎的经历，忧郁症频繁发生。

　　注：

此句话含有两个从句，一个是where引导的地点状语从句，另一个是who引导的定语从句。

　　语言点：

（1）地点状语从句：

　　地点状语从句通常由where，wherever引导。

　　如：

WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。

　　WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

（2）定语从句：

　　关系代词引导的定语从句

　　定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：

who，whom，whose，that，which等。

关系副词有：

when，where，why等。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

　　1）who，whom，that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语：

　　Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?

他就是想见你的人吗?

（who/that在从句中作主语）

　　Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that在从句中作宾