剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文 详细解析 译文.docx

剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文 详细解析 译文.docx

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剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文详细解析译文

剑桥雅思6第一套阅读Passage3真题原文+詳細解析+译文:

　　READINGPASSAGE3

　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3onthefollowingpages.

　　Questions27-32

　　ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphs,A-G.

　　ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsB-Gfromthelistofheadingsbelow.

　　Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-32onyouranswersheet.

ListofHeadings

iThereactionoftheInuitcommunitytoclimatechange

iiUnderstandingofclimatechangeremainslimited

iiiAlternativesourcesofessentialsupplies

ivRespectforInuitopiniongrows

vAhealthierchoiceoffood

viAdifficultlandscape

viiNegativeeffectsonwell-being

viiiAlarmcausedbyunprecedentedeventsintheArctic

ixThebenefitsofaneasierexistence

ExampleAnswer

ParagraphAviii

　　27  ParagraphB

　　28  ParagraphC

　　29  ParagraphD

　　30  ParagraphE

　　31  ParagraphF

　　32  ParagraphG

　　A UnusualincidentsarebeingreportedacrosstheArctic.Inuitfamiliesgoingoffonsnowmobilestopreparetheirsummerhuntingcampshavefoundthemselvescutofffromhomebyaseaofmud,followingearlythaws.Therearereportsofiglooslosingtheirinsulatingpropertiesasthesnowdripsandrefreezes,oflakesdrainingintotheseaaspermafrostmelts,andseaicebreakingupearlierthanusual,carryingsealsbeyondthereachofhunters.Climatechangemaystillbearatherabstractideatomostofus,butintheArcticitisalreadyhavingdramaticeffects-ifsummertimeicecontinuestoshrinkatitspresentrate,theArcticOceancouldsoonbecomevirtuallyice-freeinsummer.Theknock-oneffectsarelikelytoincludemorewarming,cloudierskies,increasedprecipitationandhighersealevels.Scientistsareincreasinglykeentofindoutwhat'sgoingonbecausetheyconsidertheArcticthe'canaryinthemine'forglobalwarming-awarningofwhat'sinstorefortherestoftheworld.

　　B FortheInuittheproblemisurgent.Theyliveinprecariousbalancewithoneofthetoughestenvironmentsonearth.Climatechange,whateveritscauses,isadirectthreattotheirwayoflife.NobodyknowstheArcticaswellasthelocals,whichiswhytheyarenotcontentsimplytostandbackandletoutsideexpertstellthemwhat'shappening.InCanada,wheretheInuitpeoplearejealouslyguardingtheirhard-wonautonomyinthecountry'snewestterritory,Nunavut,theybelievetheirbesthopeofsurvivalinthischangingenvironmentliesincombiningtheirancestralknowledgewiththebestofmodernscience.Thisisachallengeinitself.

　　C TheCanadianArcticisavast,treelesspolardesertthat'scoveredwithsnowformostoftheyear.Ventureintothisterrainandyougetsomeideaofthehardshipsfacinganyonewhocallsthishome.Farmingisoutofthequestionandnatureoffersmeagrepickings.HumansfirstsettledintheArcticamere4,500yearsago,survivingbyexploitingseamammalsandfish.Theenvironmenttestedthemtothelimits:

sometimesthecolonistsweresuccessful,sometimestheyfailedandvanished.Butaroundathousandyearsago,onegroupemergedthatwasuniquelywelladaptedtocopewiththeArcticenvironment.TheseThulepeoplemovedinfromAlaska,bringingkayaks,sleds,dogs,potteryandirontools.Theyaretheancestorsoftoday'sInuitpeople.

　　D LifeforthedescendantsoftheThulepeopleisstillharsh.Nunavutis1.9millionsquarekilometresofrockandice,andahandfulofislandsaroundtheNorthPole.It'scurrentlyhometo2,500people,allbutahandfulofthemindigenousInuit.Overthepast40years,mosthaveabandonedtheirnomadicwaysandsettledintheterritory's28isolatedcommunities,buttheystillrelyheavilyonnaturetoprovidefoodandclothing.

　　ProvisionsavailableinlocalshopshavetobeflownintoNunavutononeofthemostcostlyairnetworksintheworld,orbroughtbysupplyshipduringthefewice-freeweeksofsummer.Itwouldcostafamilyaroundf7,000ayeartoreplacemeattheyobtainedthemselvesthroughhuntingwithimportedmeat.Economicopportunitiesarescarce,andformanypeoplestatebenefitsaretheironlyincome.

　　E WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople'shealth.Obesity,heartdiseaseanddiabetesarebeginningtoappearinapeopleforwhomthesehaveneverbeforebeenproblems.Therehasbeenacrisisofidentityasthetraditionalskillsofhunting,trappingandpreparingskinshavebeguntodisappear.InNunavut's'iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechildrenwhomayneverhavebeenoutontheland,there'sahighincidenceofdepression.

　　F Withsomuchatstake,theInuitaredeterminedtoplayakeyroleinteasingoutthemysteriesofclimatechangeintheArctic.Havingsurvivedthereforcenturies,theybelievetheirwealthoftraditionalknowledgeisvitaltothetask.AndWesternscientistsarestartingtodrawonthiswisdom,increasinglyreferredtoas‘lnuitQaujimajatuqangit’,orIQ.‘Intheearlydaysscientistsignoreduswhentheycameupheretostudyanything.Theyjustfiguredthesepeopledon'tknowverymuchsowewon'taskthem,’saysJohnAmagoalik,anInuitleaderandpolitician.'ButinrecentyearsIQhashadmuchmorecredibilityandweight.'Infactitisnowarequirementforanyonehopingtogetpermissiontodoresearchthattheyconsultthecommunities,whoarehelpingtosettheresearchagendatoreflecttheirmostimportantconcerns.Theycanturndownapplicationsfromscientiststheybelievewillworkagainsttheirinterests,orresearchprojectsthatwillimpingetoomuchontheirdailylivesandtraditionalactivities.

　　G SomescientistsdoubtthevalueoftraditionalknowledgebecausetheoccupationoftheArcticdoesn'tgobackfarenough.Others,however,pointoutthatthefirstweatherstationsinthefarnorthdatebackjust50years.Therearestillhugegapsinourenvironmentalknowledge,anddespitethescientificonslaught,manypredictionsarenomorethanbestguesses.IQcouldhelptobridgethegapandresolvethetremendousuncertaintyabouthowmuchofwhatwe'reseeingisnaturalcapriciousnessandhowmuchistheconsequenceofhumanactivity.

　　Questions33-40

　　CompletethesummaryofparagraphsCandDbelow.

　　ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromparagraphsCandDforeachanswer.

　　Writeyouranswersinboxes33-40onyouranswersheet.

　　IfyouvisittheCanadianArctic,youimmediatelyappreciatetheproblemsfacedbypeopleforwhomthisishome.Itwouldclearlybeimpossibleforthepeopletoengagein33....................asameansofsupportingthemselves.Forthousandsofyearstheyhavehadtorelyoncatching34....................and35....................asameansofsustenance.

　　Theharshsurroundingssawmanywhotriedtosettletherepushedtotheirlimits,althoughsomeweresuccessful.The36....................peoplewereanexampleofthelatterandforthemtheenvironmentdidnotproveunmanageable.Forthepresentinhabitants,lifecontinuestobeastruggle.TheterritoryofNunavutconsistsoflittlemorethanice,rockandafew37....................Inrecentyears,manyofthemhavebeenobligedtogiveuptheir38....................lifestyle,buttheycontinuetodependmainlyon39....................fortheirfoodandclothes.40....................produceisparticularlyexpensive.

体裁 议论文

　　主题 气候变化与因纽特人

　　结构 A段：

概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟   B段：

因纽特人对于环境变化做出的反应

　　C段：

艰苦恶劣的自然条件   D段：

生活必需品来源的替代品

　　E段：

安逸生活的负面影响   F段：

因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视

　　G段：

人们对于环境的认识十分有限

A段 

　　incident n.事件 abstract adj.抽象的

　　snowmobile n.雪地汽车 shrink v.收缩

　　thaw n.融雪 ice-free adj.不冻的

　　igloo n.圆顶建筑 knock-on adj.连锁的

　　insulating adj.绝缘的 precipitation n.降水

　　permafrost n.永久冰冻（永久冻土，永久冻地） canary n.金丝雀

B段 

　　urgent adj.急迫的，紧要的，紧急的 hard-won adj.难得的，来之不易的

　　precarious a.不确定的；危险的 autonomy n.自治.自治权

　　threat n.威胁 liein 在于

　　content adj.满足的 combine v.结合

　　standback 退后（靠后站，不介入） ancestral a.祖先的，祖传的

C段 

　　vast adj.广阔的 vanish v.消失

　　polar adj.两极的，极地的 adaptto 适应

　　venture v.冒险 copewith 对付（应付，克服）

　　terrain n.地带Thule n.古人相信存在于世界北端的国家，极北之地

　　meagre adj.瘦的，不足的

　　exploit v.开发，开拓 kayak n.（爱斯基摩人用的）皮船

　　mammal n.哺乳动物 sled n.雪撬

D段 

　　descendant n.子孙，后代 relyon 依赖，依靠

　　harsh adj.艰苦的；苛刻的 provision n.供应品，必需品

　　indigenous adj.本土的 replacewith 取代，以……代替

　　abandon v.放弃 scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的

　　nomadic adj.游牧的

E段 

　　curtail v.缩减，减少 identity n.身份；特性

　　obesity n.肥胖，肥大 depression n.沮丧，情绪低落；忧郁症

　　diabetes n.糖尿病

F段 

　　atstake 在危险中（处于成败关头） credibility n.可信性

　　teaseout 梳理，挑出 consult v.商议；请教

　　vital adj.至关重要的；所必需的 agenda n.议程

　　wisdom n.明智的行为：

智慧 impinge v.侵犯

G段 

　　occupation n.占有 tremendous adj.巨大的，惊人的

　　onslaught n.冲击 capriciousness n.任性；善变

　　prediction n.预言，预报

　　难句解析

　　1.WhiletheInuitmaynotactuallystarveifhuntingandtrappingarecurtailedbyclimatechange,therehascertainlybeenanimpactonpeople’shealth.

　　参考译文：

即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许也不会真的挨饿受冻，但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。

　　语言点：

（1）starve：

使饿死，饿得要死

　　a.tosufferordiebecauseyoudonothaveenoughtoeat

　　①Thousandsofpeoplewillstarveiffooddoesn'treachthecity.如果食物到不了城市，成千上万的人将饿死。

　　②They'lleitherdiefromthecoldorstarvetodeath（=diefromlackoffood）.他们不是冻死就是饿死。

　　b.bestarving:

tobeveryhungry

　　Youmustbestarving!

你肯定饿了。

　　c.starvesomebody/somethingofsomething:

tonotgivesomethingthatisneeded

　　Theschoolsarestarvedoffunding.学校需要资金。

（2）curtail：

缩减

　　toreduceorlimitsomething

　　①Thenewlawwillcurtailpolicepowers.新法律将减弱警察的势力。

　　②Budgetcutshavedrasticallycurtailedtrainingprograms.预算削减极大程度地减少了培训项目。

　　2.InNunavut's‘iglooandemail'society,whereadultswhowereborniniglooshavechild