柴油机外文文献翻译资料.docx

柴油机外文文献翻译资料.docx

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柴油机外文文献翻译资料

文献出处：

ChauhanBS,KumarN,ChoHM.AstudyontheperformanceandemissionofadieselenginefueledwithJatrophabiodieseloilanditsblends[J].Energy,2012,37

（1）:

616-622.

AstudyontheperformanceandemissionofadieselenginefueledwithJatrophabiodieseloilanditsblends

ChauhanBS,KumarN,ChoHM

Abstract

Biodieseleitherinneatformorasamixturewithdieselfueliswidelyinvestigatedtosolvethetwinproblemofdepletionoffossilfuelsandenvironmentaldegradation.Themainobjectiveofthepresentstudyistocompareperformance,emissionandcombustioncharacteristicsofbiodieselderivedfromnonedibleJatrophaoilinadualfueldieselenginewithbaselineresultsofdieselfuel.Theperformanceparametersevaluatedwere:

brakethermalefficiency,brakespecificfuelconsumption,poweroutput.Asapartofcombustionstudy,in-cylinderpressure,rateofpressureriseandheatreleaserateswereevaluated.Theemissionparameterssuchascarbonmonoxide,carbondioxide,un-burnthydrocarbon,oxidesofnitrogenandsmokeopacitywiththedifferentfuelswerealsomeasuredandcomparedwithbaselineresults.ThedifferentpropertiesofJatrophaoilaftertransestrificationwerewithinacceptablelimitsofstandardsassetbymanycountries.ThebrakethermalefficiencyofJatrophamethylesteranditsblendswithdieselwerelowerthandieselandbrakespecificenergyconsumptionwasfoundtobehigher.However,HC,COandCO2 andsmokewerefoundtobelowerwithJatrophabiodieselfuel.NOx emissionsonJatrophabiodieselanditsblendwerehigherthanDiesel.TheresultsfromtheexperimentssuggestthatbiodieselderivedfromnonedibleoillikeJatrophacouldbeagoodsubstitutetodieselfuelindieselengineinthenearfutureasfarasdecentralizedenergyproductionisconcerned.Inviewofcomparableengineperformanceandreductioninmostoftheengineemissions,itcanbeconcludedandbiodieselderivedfromJatrophaanditsblendscouldbeusedinaconventionaldieselenginewithoutanymodification.

Keywords:

Biodiesel; Brakethermalefficiency; Exhaustmissions; Transesterification

1.Introduction

Inthewakeofcurrentenergyscenario,majorresearchisfocusedonsustainableenergysolutionwithmajoremphasisonenergyefficiencyanduseofrenewableenergysources.Dieselengineshaveproventheirutilityinthetransportationandpowersectorsduetotheirhigherefficiencyandruggedness.Theyarealsopotentialsourcesofdecentralizedenergygenerationforsmallelectrificationplant.However,concernsaboutlong-termavailabilityofpetroleumdieselandthestringentenvironmentalnormshavemandatedthesearchforarenewablealternativetodieselfueltoaddresstheseproblems.Liquidbio-originfuelsarerenewablefuelscomingfrombiologicalsourcesandhaveprovedtobeagoodsubstituteforpetroleumderivedoilintransportationandsmallenergyneeds.Thesefuelsaregainingworldwideacceptanceasasolutionforproblemofenvironmentaldegradation,energysecurity,restrictingimport,ruralemploymentandagriculturaleconomy.Alargevarietyofalternativefuelsareconsideredpotentialsubstitutetopetroleumbaseddiesel,however,modification,handlingandtransportation,easeofproduction,andinvestmentcostaresomeoftheimportantparametersthatshouldbeconsideredbeforeusinganalternativefuelinanexistingdieselengine.Themodificationrequiredintheenginedesignneedtobemadeinsuchawaysoastominimizetheinvestmentcostintheenginemodification [3].

Overthepastfewyears,hugefluctuationinoilpriceshavebeenseen,reachingtorecord$147.27in2008ofandthenfallingbackagainto$33.87inDecember2008.Evenso,overthewholeof2009,theaverageoilpricewasstillbetween$60and$80perbarrel.In2009,thetotallevelofannualinvestmentincleanenergywas$145billion,onlya6.5%dropfromtherecordpreviousyear,whiletheglobalwindpowermarketgrewbyanannual41.5%.Oilremainsthehighestconsumedsourceofenergyintheworld.Today,renewableenergysourcesaccountfor13%oftheworld’sprimaryenergydemand.Biomass,whichismostlyusedintheheatsector,isthemainsourceofrenewableenergy.Theshareofrenewableenergiesforelectricitygenerationis18%,whiletheircontributiontoheatsupplyisaround24%.About80%oftheprimaryenergysupplytodaystillcomesfromfossilfuels .Inthelightofabove,thereisanurgentneedtoreducedependenceonpetroleumderivedfuelsforbettereconomyandenvironment.Themostpromisingliquidbiofuelsclosesttobeingcompetitiveincurrentmarketswithoutsubsidy,areethanol,methanol,vegetableoilsandbiodiesel.Theyhavebeenutilizedeitherinoneformoranotherformorethanonehundredyears.Thesearchforalternativefueloverconventionalpetroleumbasedfuelshasbeensubjectedtovariousstudiesthroughouttheworld.Thermodynamictests,basedonengineperformanceevaluationhaveestablishedthefeasibilityofusingavarietyofalternativefuelssuchashydrogen,alcohols,biogas,producergasandhostofvegetableoils.Biodieselisconsideredasustainablesubstitutetodieselfuelduetoitsrenewablenatureandpositiveenvironmentalimpact.

Dependingupontheavailabilityandproductioncapabilities,biodieselisderivedfromalargevarietyofoilseed.BiodieselderivedfromsoybeanoilisofprimaryinterestintheUnitedStateswhilemanyEuropeancountriesareconcernedwithrapeseedoil,andcountrieswithtropicalclimateprefertoutilizecoconutoilorpalmoil.InIndia,around450typesofoilbearingcropsareavailableforuseasenergycrops,andtheeffortsmustbeputtoincreasetheyieldandoilcontentofthesecrops.Inthiscontext,itisessentialtopromotetheuseofnon-ediblevegetableoilderivedfuelseitherasasubstituteoranextenderoffossilfuelswhichwouldbringenergycropsontheforefrontinenergyscenario.Consideringtheimportantparameterssuchasenergysecurity,greenhouseemission,fastdepletionoffossilfuelreserveandpotentialutilizationinexistingdieselenginewithnoorminimumdesignmodification,biodieselisconsideredmostpromisingrenewablefuelformankindandenvironment.Inthepresentstudy,nonediblevegetableoilderivedfromJatrophaplantwastransesterifiedandmajorphysico-chemicalpropertieswereevaluatedinaccordancewithASTMstandards.Further,acompressionignitionenginewasfuelledwithJatrophamethylesteranditsblendswithdieselandperformance,combustionandemissionscharacteristicswereevaluatedtofindouttheirsuitabilityasadieselenginefuel.Thestudyofcombustioncharacteristicswascarriedwiththehelpofpressure-crankangleandheatreleaseratediagrams.Theresultswerecomparedwiththosefromthedieselfuel.

2.NonedibleJatrophabiodieselasapotentialsubstitutefordieselfuel

Inrecentyears,systematiceffortshavebeenmadebyseveralresearcherstousevegetableoilsderivedfuelsindieselengines.Theoiltestedincludedanumberofdifferentrawandprocessedvegetableoilslikerapeseedoil,sunfloweroil,palmoil,soybeanoiletc.Pascalet al. studiedpalmoilinCIengineswithwastecookingoil,whichwereconvertedintoestersbyatransestrificationprocess.ThebrakethermalefficiencyincreasesforthePO/Dieselblends.HCemissionsforallthosefuelsexceptforthePO/Dieselblendsarefoundlower,whileCOemissionsriseforalltypesoffuels.NOx emissionswerehigheratlowload,butloweratfullload.Gumuset al. inthestudytransesterifiedapricotseedkerneloilwithmethanolusingpotassiumhydroxideascatalysttoobtainapricotseedkerneloilmethylester.Neatapricotseedkerneloilmethylesteranditsblendswithdieselfuelweretestedinacompressionignitiondieselenginetoevaluateperformanceandemissionsparameters.Kegl ] discussedtheinfluenceofrapeseedbiodieselontheinjection,sprayandenginecharacteristicswiththeaimtoreduceharmfulemissions.Theresultsindicatethatbyusingbiodiesel,harmfulemissionscanbereducedtosomeextentbyadjustingtheinjectionpumptimingproperly.Sahooet al.  usednon-ediblefilteredhighviscousandhighacidvaluepolangaoilbasedmonoestersblendedwithhighspeeddieselasasubstituteofdieselinasinglecylinderdieselengine.Agarwalet al. foundthatbiodiesel-fueledenginesproducelesscarbonmonoxide,unburnedhydrocarbon,andparticulateemissionscomparedtomineraldieselfuelbuthigherNOx emissions.Canakci  and studiedandcomparedthecombustioncharacteristicsandemissionsofpetroleumdieselandbiodieselfromsoybeanoil.HefoundsignificantreductionsinPM,CO,andunburnedHC,whileNOx increasedwithsoybeanbiodiesel.Fenet al. preparedbiodieselthroughtransestrificationfromwastedcookingoilandtesteditindieselengineandconcludedthatB20andB50aretheoptimumfuelblends.

Tsolakiset al. studiedtheeffectsofrapeseedmethylesteranddifferentdiesel/RMEblendsonthedieselengine’sNOx emissions,smoke,fuelconsumption,engineefficiency,cylinderpressureandnetheatreleaserateandreportedincreasedNOx emissions.Whensimilarpercentages（%byvolume）ofexhaustgasrecirculation（EGR）areusedinthecasesofdieselandRME,NOx emissionsarereducedtosimilarvalues,butthesmokeemissionsaresignificantlylowerinthecaseofRME.TheretardationoftheinjectiontiminginthecaseofpureRMEand50/50（byvolume）blendwithdieselresultedinfurtherreductionofNOx atacostofsmallincreasesofsmokeandfuelconsumption.Linet al. studiedbiodieselfromwastecookingoilasaneconomicalsourceandthusaneffectivestrategyforreducingtherawmaterialcost.Usingwastecookingoil