高级英语第三课课件.docx

高级英语第三课课件.docx

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高级英语第三课课件

Lesson3

⏹ShipsintheDesert

AlGore

1.Introductionabouttheauthor

  AlGorewasbornin1948inWashingtonD.C.,U.S.HehasbeenaSenator（1984-1992）representingtheStateofTennessee,andU.S.Vice-President（1992-2000）underPresidentBillClinton.HeranforthePresidencyagainstGeorgeW.Bushjr.butthelatterwonthecloselytiedelectionandhasbecomethe43rdAmericanPresident.ThetextistakenfromAlGore’sbookEarthintheBalance

AlGore'sprofoundanalysisofwherehumanityhasgonewrongrangesacrosshistory,politics,science,economics,psychology,philosophy,andreligion.

Goredemonstratesthatthequalityofourairandwaterisurgentlyatrisk.Heclearlyillustrateshowproblemsthatoncewereregionalhavenowbecomeglobal.Gorearguesforaworldwidemobilizationtosaveusfromdisaster.

Theintroductionofthetext:

Para.1typicalexampleofenvironmentaldestruction

theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak:

⏹agoodcatchdidnotlookpromising/hopeful.

⏹anunderstatement 

theAralsea

America’sGreatLakes

thegroupoffivefreshwaterlakes,centralNorthAmerica,betweentheUnitedStatesandCanada,

•largestbodyoffreshwaterintheworld

•Fromwesttoeast,theyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario

•HOMES—HstandsforHuron,OforOntario,MforMichigan,EforErieandSforSuperior.

comparable:

    somethingthatiscomparabletosomethingelseis

a）asgoodas/asbigas/asimportantastheotherthing;

b）similartotheotherthing

e.g.ThisdinneriscomparabletothebestFrenchcooking.

tofeedithasbeendivertedinanill-consideredirrigationschemetogrowcottoninthedessert:

toflowintotheseahasbeenturnedawaytoirrigatethelandcreatedinthedeserttogrowcotton.

⏹Theschemewasanill-conceivedonebecauseitfailedtotakeintoconsiderationtheecologicaleffect.

Para.2thesisstatement:

Mysearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisishasletmetotravelaroundtheworldtocheckandstudycasesinordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisis

ItraveledaroundtheworldbecauseIwantedtosee,checkandstudycasesofsuchdestructioninordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmental

crisis.

Thissentenceexpressesthemainideaandindicatingthedevelopmentofacausalessay.

Trans-AntarcticMountains

⏹Antarcticaisicycold.

⏹Trans-AntarcticMountainsdivideditintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.

Chinahassetuptwoscientificresearchstationsthere:

ZongshanStationintheEastandGreatWallintheWest.

thesunglaringatmidnightthroughaholeinthesky

•thesunshiningatmidnightthroughtheozonedepletion

•ahole:

ozonedepletion臭氧层空洞

aboutthetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime:

•aboutthetunnelhewasdrillingforsamplesfromtheglacier,whichestimatesthetime.Thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime;

•inotherwords,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethedeeperpartoftheglaciertellsofsituationofamuchmoreremoteperiod.

Hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago:

⏹Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametotheplacewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.

CleanAirAct:

⏹  AmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.

twocontinents

⏹SouthAmericaandAntarctica

⏹leastaccessibleplaceonearth:

theplacewhichisthemostdifficulttogettointheworld 

Para.3theglobalwarmingseenintheAntarctic

What’sthecauseoftheglobalwarming?

⏹Beganwiththeindustrialrevolution,

Industrymeantcoal:

⏹thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower.

--bringingrising…withitsability…warmtheearth:

⏹adverbialofresult:

⏹makingtheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheregrow;

⏹heatcannoteasilygetthroughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideplaystheroleofacover,keepingtheheatneartheearth.

 upwindfromtheicerunaway…scientistsmonitortheair…tochartthecourseofthatinexorablechange:

⏹upwindfromtheicerunawaywheretheskiplanelandsandkeepsitsenginesrunningsothatthemetalpartswillnotbefrozensolid,scientistswatchtheairseveraltimeseverydaytomarkthecourseofthatunalterablechange.

upwind:

inthedirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingorusuallyblows

tochartthecourse:

toshowtheonwardmovementonanoutlinemap

graph:

usuallyamathematicaldiagram

Para.4athinningcapastheresultofArcticairwarms

snowmobile

akindofmotorvehiclefortravelingoversnow,usuallywithsteerablerunnersatthefrontandtractortreadsattherear

rendezvouspoint:

theplacewhereasubmarinewastopickthemup

⏹Arendezvousisaplacewhereyouhavearrangedtomeetsomebodyoftensecretly.

tosecurethereleaseofpreviouslytopsecretdata:

⏹toensurethemakingpublicofdatawhichwasoriginallyclassifiedastopsecret.

sonar:

⏹[U]（anacronymforsoundnavigationranging）anapparatususingsoundwavesforfindingthepositionofunderwaterobjects,suchasminesorsubmarines声纳（利用声波探测如水雷或潜艇等的水底目标的仪器）

⏹Baiqidolphinshavesonar.Batshavesonar.

Iwasstanding…whenseparatesheetscollide:

⏹Iwasstandinginthevastsceneofsnowwhichwasfearfullybeautiful,windsweptandshiningwhite,withthestretchoficefieldcharacterizedbysmallridgesbecauseoftheforceofthecollisionoftheseparatelayers.

eerily:

mysteriously,especiallyinsuchawayastofrightenordisturb

snowscape:

sceneofsnow.

cf.landscapeandseascape. 

theconsequencesofathinningcapcouldbedisastrous:

theresultofathinningcapmayindicatethepossibilitiesofdisasters

could:

thewordindicates“possibilities”

Andwhycouldthethinningofthepolaricecapbedisastroustotheworld?

⏹Becausethepolarcapplaysanimportantroleintheworld’sweathersystem,theconsequencesofathinningcapcouldbringaboutdramaticchangesintheecologicalpattern.Forexample,itwillbringlargeamountofwaterwhichwillraisetheoceanlevelandcausesomefloods.

Para.5therisingtemperatureoftheearth

thepatternoficedistribution…controversialclaim:

theregularwayiceisdistributed…

astatementwhichsomescientistsstilldonotcompletelyaccept

theArcticCircle

⏹animaginarylinedrawnroundtheworldatacertaindistancefromthemostnorthernpoint（theNorthPole）,northofwhichthereisnodarknessforsixmonthsofeachyearandalmostnolightfortheothersixmonths.cf.theAntarcticCircle

⏹tundra:

anyofthevast,nearlylevel,treelessplainsoftheArcticregions

Para.6theimagesofdestructionattheequator

billowing:

  largeswellingmassof

billowv.Whensmokeorcloudbillows,itmovesslowlyupwardsoracrossthesky

Amazonrainforest

TheBrazilianAmazoncontainsaboutathirdoftheEarth'sremainingtropicalforestandaveryhighportionofitsbiologicaldiversity.Onehectare（2.47acres）ofAmazonianmoistforestcontainsmoreplantspeciesthanallofEurope.Yetstillitisbeingdestroyedjustlikeotherrainforestsaroundtheworld.

 fastpastureforfast-foodbeef:

⏹Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers.

⏹fastpastureforfast-foodbeef:

alliteration

⏹Payattentiontotheconnectionofthetwo“fasts”infastpastureandfastfood.Withthatcomesthe“fast”disappearanceoftherainforest.

thedryseason:

ant.inthewetseason—therainyseason

similarly:

thefootballseason,thebreedingseason,

theplantingseason,theholidayseason,

theharvestseason,thecoldseason,

thetouristseason,thegameseason,

aseasonoffilm

⏹inseason:

Ant.beoutofseason

⏹seasonv.e.g.seasonthefoodwithsalt

withmorethanoneTennessee’sworthofrainforest

theareaofrainforestburnedinoneyearisbiggerthanthestateofTennessee.

⏹worth:

equalinareaorsize

⏹slash:

cutwithasweepingstroke

wearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard:

⏹Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct.

HowwillthedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestaffecttheearth’secologicalbalance?

Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.

Para.7imagesofdestructionseenalmostanywhere

Howaretheyformed?

Onsomenights…thatsignalsthelossofecologicalbalancenowinprogress:

⏹Onsomenights,intheareaatahighnorthernlatitude,theskyalonepresentsanotherexampleofillomenshowing.Thereisecologicalimbalanceandthiskindofimbalanceisdeveloping.

⏹inhighnorthernlatitude在北纬高纬度地区

⏹cf.longitude经度

This“luminouscloud”occasionallyappears

whentheearthisfirsthiddenintheeveningdarkness;shiningunsteadilyaboveuswithapartiallytransparentwhiteness,thesecloudsdon’tseemnatural

noctilucentcloud:

⏹nocti-meansnight;lucentmeansshining,translucent

⏹designatingorofaluminouscloudvisibleatnight

⏹translucent:

partiallytransparent

landfills:

garbagedisposal

methaneisemittedfromgarbagedisposal,fromcoalminesandricefields,frombillionsoftermites（白蚁）movinginlargenumbersthroughthefreshlycutforestland,fromtheburni