高考英语阅读词义猜测.docx

高考英语阅读词义猜测.docx

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高考英语阅读词义猜测

词义猜测

ManfredMilinskifromtheMax-PlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryBiologyinGermanyandBettinaRockenbachoftheUniversityofBerlin,theauthorsofanewstudy,foundthatpeopleactbetterwhentheyarebeingwatchedbecausetheyfeeltheywillberewardedforgoodbehavior.Theirreportalsoreferredtootherresearchshowingthatthisresponseofbehavingwellwhenwatchedissomehowcodedintohumansandpeoplerespondthiswayunconsciously,orwithoutrealizingit.

Theunderlinedword“coded”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.hiddenB.programmedC.forgottenD.learnt

【解析】

B词义猜测题。

根据划线词后面句子peoplerespondthiswayunconsciously,orwithoutrealizingit.可以判断人们这种表现是本能的，是人天生就有的，由此判断C选项内容接近划线词义，意思是“编进程序的”，选B。

Waybackin1662,JohnEvelyn,abrilliantEnglishmanknownforhisdetaileddiaries,wroteaboutdisastrouseffectsofcoal-burningonthecityofLondon.Init,hedescribedaninfernalsceneofsmog—airfilledwith“ColumnsandCloudsofSmoke”givenoutbysmallindustriesandresidencesthatburnedcoalforfuel.

Theunderlinedword“infernal”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans______.

A.imaginaryB.adventurous

C.unbelievableD.annoying

【解析】

D词义猜测题。

结合上下文可知文中描述了一个充满烟雾的世界，让人觉得如地狱般。

imaginary虚构的；adventurous爱冒险的；unbelievable难以置信的；annoying恼人的，讨厌的。

结合前文可知是让人讨厌的烟雾景象，故选D。

ButPacesaidthattheflyingMycobacteriumposefewthreatstothehealth.Onlythosewithaweakimmunesystemmightneedtoworry.HetoldtheNewYorkTimesthatthebacteriaarenotasunpleasantasmightbethought.Hesaidthathavingashowerisnomoredangerousthananythingelsewedointhemorning.

Theunderlinedword“pose”intheparagraphprobablymeans“______”.

A.causeB.avoidC.describeD.promise

【解析】

A词义猜测题。

cause引起；avoid避免；describe描述；promise许诺。

从划线句后面可知，这些微生物对健康几乎不能造成威胁，只有一些免疫力比较弱的人才有担心的必要。

所以pose相当于cause引起，所以选A。

ScientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology（Caltech）havereportedevidencethatMarswaswarmerandwetterlongagothanitistoday.TheCaltechscientistssaytheyhavedirectlyestablishedthetemperatureofMarsfourbillionyearsago.Atleast,theyestablishedthesurfacetemperatureonpartoftheplanetatthattime.Theresearcherssayitisthefirstsuchevidencetobediscoveredandpresented.

Theunderlinedword“establish”intheparagraphprobablymeans“______”.

A.tosetup

B.tomakepeopleacceptabelief

C.todiscoverorprove

D.tostarthavingarelationshipwithothers

【解析】

C词义猜测题。

从最后一句“Theresearcherssayitisthefirstsuchevidencetobediscoveredandpresented”结合前面两句可以说明科学家发现了40亿年前的火星地表的温度的证据。

“establish”在本句中是“discoverorprove”，故选C。

Nowadayswealwaysfindpeoplecheckingemailsinarestaurant,takingapictureofthefoodwhenitarrives,orcheckingamessageduringaconversationinsteadoftraditionalcommunication.It’snosecretthatourlivesarebeingaffectedbyoursmartphonesobsession.

Theunderlinedword“obsession”intheparagraphmostprobablymeans“______”.

A.devotionB.contributionC.addictionD.emotion

【解析】

C词义猜测。

devotion奉献；contribution贡献；addiction上瘾；emotion情绪。

根据：

“checkingemailsinarestaurant,takingapictureofthefoodwhenitarrives,orcheckingamessageduringaconversation...”可知，人们无时无刻不在用智能机，这在一定程度上，已经成为了一种癖好，故选C。

Thecomplexisactuallytwobuildingslinkedbybridgesacrossashady,glass-roofedatrium（天井）opentotheair.Fanssuckfreshairinfromtheatrium,blowitupstairsthroughhollowspacesunderthefloorsandfromthereintoeachofficethroughbaseboardvents（通风口）.Asitrisesandwarms,itisdrawnoutviaceilingventsandfinallyexiststhroughforty-eightbrickchimneys.

Whatdoes“it”refertointheparagraph?

A.Freshairfromoutside.

B.Heatinthebuilding.

C.Hollowspace.

D.Baseboardvent.

【解析】

A词义猜测题。

从有划线词的本句中可知，“风扇将新鲜的空气从天井吸入，再通过天花板的空洞上传，最后经通风口传入每一间办公室。

”可知这里的it指前面提到的“新鲜空气”，故选A。

Thecurrentisproducedbecauseofaneffectintheglasstubes.Whentheyarefilledwithwater,positivelychargedions（阳离子）fixedinthetubesarewashedaway,leavingaslightnegativechargeontheglasssurface.Whenwateristhenforcedalongthetube,thesurfacerepelsnegativelychargedionsinthewaterwhilepositivelychargedionsareattracteddownthetube.Theresultisanetflowofpositivelychargedionsthatsetsupanelectriccurrent.

Theunderlinedword“repels”intheparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.

A.rejectsB.identifiesC.attractsD.rebels

【解析】

A词义猜测题。

A.rejects排斥；B.identifies鉴定，认出；C.attracts吸引；D.rebles反抗，背叛。

划线词的本句中提到“…leavingaslightnegativechargeontheglasssurface.Whenwateristhenforcedalongthetube,thesurfacerepelsnegativelychargedionsinthewater…”，从常识可知异性相吸，同性排斥，所以当管子表面的阴离子遇到阴离子时会发生排斥，由此推测A选项正确。

Oneofthesurprisingfactsaboutseahorsesformostpeopleisthattheyarevertebrates（脊椎动物）.Theycanturnandcurlfreely,andliketoswiminpairsconnectedbytheirtails.Theirtailsarepowerful,andtheycanusethemtograspthesurroundingseaweed（海藻）tokeepthemselvesfrombeingsweptaway.Soseahorsesareusuallyfoundinwarmwaterfilledwithseaweed.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“grasp”?

A.Eat.B.Hold.C.Make.D.Handle.

【解析】

B词义猜测题。

根据划线词后面的“...tokeepthemselvesfrombeingsweptaway”“来免于被冲走“可知，grasp在此意为“抓住”，hold与其同义，故选B。

Anyonewhoisacreativegeniuswilltellyouthatcreativityisverymuchlikeamusclethatneedstobedeveloped.Ifyoudon’tlearnhowtodevelopcreativethinking,thisskill,justlikeamuscle,willbecomepooranduseless.Ontheotherhand,keepworkingatit,andthisskillwillsoonbereadyforactionwheneveryouneedit.Sohowdoyoudevelopyourownpersonalstyleofcreativethinking?

Theunderlinedword“it”intheparagraphmeans______.

A.creativethinkingB.themuscle

C.personalstyleD.greatcapacity

【解析】

A词义猜测题。

从文章第二段的句子：

“Ifyoudon’tlearnhowtodevelopcreativethinking,thisskill,justlikeamuscle,willbecomepooranduseless.”可知创造力是要经常练习的，如果不练习，就会没有用，下文说，如果一直练习创造力，它在使用的时候，就可以用的上，所以it指的是“创造性的思维”，选A。

TheweatherpredictionsforAsiain2050readlikeastoryfromadoomsdaymovie.

Manyexpertsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrueunlessthereisaunitedglobalefforttoholdbackgreenhousegasoutpouring.Inthedecadestocome,Asia—hometomorethanhalftheworld’s63billionpeople—willchangefromoneclimateextremetoanother,withtiredfarmersbattlingdroughts,floods,disease,foodshortagesandrisingsealevels.

Theunderlinedword“doomsday”maygiveusthefeelingof______.

A.happinessB.sadnessC.peaceD.excitement

【解析】

B词义猜测题。

A.happiness幸福；B.sadness悲伤；C.peace和平；D.excitement兴奋。

根据下文提到的问题，可知应是一个不好的景象，是令人沮丧和悲伤的。

故选B。

“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingsandreducefear,”Dr.Garfinkelsaid.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”intheparagraph?

A.Order.B.System.

C.Machine.D.Treatment.

【解析】

B词义猜测题。

order“顺序，命令”；machine“机械，机器”；treatment“治疗”。

根据后面的从句，可知which指代的就是mechanism，通过它心脏和大脑可以互相交流来改善我们的情绪并减少恐惧，排除A和D，又从前面看到是我们已经发现了的一个重要的mechanism，故只有B项mechanism意思相近，选B。

Theexperimentinvolvedeightpeopledriving500mileseachusingtheMotorMateapp,whichmonitoreddrivingbehaviorsthroughGPStechnology.

Theunderlinedword“monitored”intheparagraphmeans______.

A.controlledB.bannedC.modeledD.showed

【解析】

A　词义猜测题。

根据划线词所处的语境可知：

该实验是由8名分别行驶500英里的司机来实施的，因为是做实验，所以运用GPS技术是为了掌控司机的驾驶行为。

故选A。

Butthatcouldchangethisyear,whenVirginGalacticintendstostartofferingflightsjustbeyondthespacebarrieronarocketshipithasbuilt,featuringfiveminutesofweightlessnessduringatwoandahalfhourtour.At$200,000aseat,thiswillopenthefinalfrontiertofarmorepeople.

Atleasttwootherspecialtyairlineshavejumpedinaswell,takingreservationsanddepositsforfuturespaceflights.Allianz,thebiginsurer,willintroduceaninsuranceproductin2012,lendingspacetourismthetrappingsoftheregulartravelindustry.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“trappings”intheparagraphprobablyreferto?

A.Standarduniforms.

B.Traditionaldecorations.

C.Symbolicsigns.

D.Personalbelongings.

【解析】

C词义猜测题。

从文章两段可知，太空旅行会向更多人敞开大门，而保险公司Allianz将推出一种保险产品，这使太空旅行成为旅游业的标志，故C项正确。

Parentsoftenaskwhateffectthumbsucking（咬手指）mighthaveontheirbaby’steeth.Expertsgenerallyagreethatthisisfineearlyinlife.Mostchildrenstopsuckingtheirthumbsbytheageoffour.Ifitcontinues,parentsshouldtalktotheirchildren’sdentistordoctor.

Theunderlinedword“it”intheparagraphrefersto“______”.

A.toothacheB.parents’trouble

C.thumbsuckingD.experts’advice

【解析】

C词义猜测题。

从前文了解到：

大多数孩子吸吮拇指的习惯会持续到4岁，后面说的如果这种情况还持续的话，就要看医生了，可知it是指thumbsucking“吸吮拇指”，故选C。

InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:

“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Peoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable”.

Theunderlinedphrase“offthechart”inthepassagemeans______.

A.record-breaking.B.urgent.

C.unbelievable.D.amazing.

【解析】

B词义猜测题。

从后面的句子：

“Peoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable”.可知人们在寻找一种方法摆脱不可靠的水分配系统，所以可以推出对水的需求是很紧急的，“offthechart”=urgent，选B。

Husaidtherewillbedifficultiesaheadasthereislittleaffiliatedequipmentspeciallydevelopedforthesesupercomputers.“WehaveenoughsupercomputersinChinabutstillcan’tmakefulluseofthem,”Hesaid.

Theunderlinedword“affiliated”canbereplacedby_____.

A.cheapB.suitableC.expensiveD.modern

【解析】

B词义猜测题。

本词是用来修饰后面的“equipment”。

由后面的“speciallydevelopedforthesesupercomputers”“为这种超级电脑而特别开发的设备”可知该词表示的是suitable项含义。

在这里是“附属的”意思。

故选B。

ProfessorMikeMendl,headoftheAnimalWelfareand