英语四级选词填空练习及答案.docx

英语四级选词填空练习及答案.docx

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英语四级选词填空练习及答案

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscan__1__performanceatworkandschool.Cognitive（认识派的）researchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceon__2__andgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,__3__amongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmall__4__rewardsspeakscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements（刺激）indeed__5__inventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively__6

task,theyshowthemostcreativity,say”sRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'esasyto__7__creativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsourhighgradesfor__8__achievementendsuPwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsand__9__failinggrades.

Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,shows__10__inraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

A）mental

B）promise

C）kill

D）avoid

E）hope

F）especially

G）aid

H）ordinary

I）approval

J）monetary

K）generally

L）improve

M）challenging

N）restore

O）excellent

Answers:

1.L2.I3.F4.J5.G6.M7.C8.H9.N10.B

Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.Thereaderputsquestions,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputs__1__questions,andsoon.

Formostofthetimethis“conversation”goesonbelowthelevelofconsciousness.Attimes,however,webecome__2__ofit.Thisisusuallywhenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetween__3__andmeaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeingexperienced,ourquestionofthetextcontinuesattheunconsciouslevel.

Differentpeople__4__withthetextdifferently.Somestayveryclosetothewordsonthepage,otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindofcomprehensionwhichis__5__inthetext.Thelatterrepresents__6__levelsofcomprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.

Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewis__7__important,andthatistodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa“process”conversationas__8__toa“content”conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththe__9__weemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderourabilitytoholdaprocessconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywell__10__.Notsoour

abilitytoholdacontentconversation.

Answers:

1.O

2.M3.J4.B5.D

6.

I7.

C8

A9.F

10.E

Thereisa

popularbeliefamongparentsthat

schoolsareno

longer

interestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhasever

spellingor

considered

itunimportantasabasicskill.There

are,

however

vastly

differentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchitmustbegiven

overgenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandinwriting

withoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?

Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher'sinterest,clearlya__4__childwillbelikelyto“playsafe”.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoid__5__language.That'swhyteachersoften__6__theearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience：

“Thisworkis__7__!

Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible（难以辨认的）.”ItmayhavebeenasharP__8__ofthepupil'stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,which__9__somebeautifulexpressionsofthechild'dseePfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcentredonthechild'sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmore__10__toseekimprovement.

A）priority

B）criticismC）containedD）clearlyE）adventurousF）

discourage

G）motivation

H）terribleI）ignored

J）difficult

K）encourage

L）expressedM）confidently

N）bright

O）motive

L）expressed

Answers:

1.选I2.选A3.选M4.选N5.选E6.选K7

选H9.选C10.选G

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementally

challenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountof__1__orstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedas__2__orquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentare__3__yearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowto__4__withothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscan__5__affecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺陷）inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobe__6__thatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Thatoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthanthe__7__oflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadof__8__themselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoaches__9__ontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungstersperformances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthatcriticism.Again,criticismcancreate__10__levelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

A）process

B）high

C）enjoying

D）anxiety

E）settle

F）cautious

G）cooperate

H）greatly

I）dropping

J）hardly

K）intense

L）focus

M）aspiration

N）critical

O）procedure

ANSWERS：

1.D

2.I3.N

4G5.H

6.F7.A

8.C9.L

10.B

ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswasheldinAthens（雅典）in1896and

onlytwelvenationsparticipated.Besidesthehostnationmanparticipantsweretouristswho__1__tobeinGreeceatthetime.Thoughthewholeaffairwas__2__andthestandardwasnothigh,theoldprincipleofamateursportwaskeptup.Sincethenthegameshadbeenheldeveryfouryearsexceptduringthe__3__ofthetwoWorldWar.Thiswas__4__adeparturefromtheoldOlympicspiritwhenwarshadtostoPandmakewayforthegames.Thegameshavegrownenormouslyinscaleand__5__performanceshavenowreachedunprecedented

heights.Unfortunatelythesamecannotbesaidabouttheir__6_standard.InsteadofOlympia,themoderngamesarenowheldindifferentcitiesallovertheworld.Inevitablypoliticsandcommercialismgetinvolvedascountriesvieeachotherfor（为而互相竞争）the__7__toholdthegamesbecauseofthepoliticalprestigeandcommercialprofittobe__8__outofthem.Inthe11thgamesheldinBerlinin1936,Hitlerwhohadnewlycometo__9__inGermanytriedtousetheoccasionforhisNazipropaganda.ForthefirsttimetheOlympicflamewasbroughtallthewayfromOlympiatothegamessiteinrelays,amarathonjourneynowoftentakingmonthsto__10__.

A）honour

B）accomplish

C）had

D）

moral

E）arrive

F）occured

G）end

H）power

I）happened

J）definitely

K）

Physical

L）informalM）

interruption

N）especially

O）irregular

ANSWERS:

1•选1

2.选L

3.选M

4.选J

5.选K

6.选D

7

选A

8.选C

9.选H

10.选B

It'snevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghuman,weallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyou'vejudgedroughly,said__1__things,pushedyourselfahead

attheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyand__2__thatyouweresorry.Abitfrightening,isn'tit?

FrighteningbecausesomedeePwisdominusknowsthatwhenevenasmallwronghasbeencommitted,somemysteriousmoralfeelingis__3__,anditstaysoutofbalanceuntilfaultisacknowledgedand__4__is

m__9

expressed.Irememberadoctorfriend,tellingmeaboutamanwhocametohimwithavarietyofsigns:

headaches,insomniaandstomachtrouble.No__5__causecouldbefound.Finallymyfriendsaidtotheman,"Unlessyoutellmewhat'sworryingyou,Ican'thelPyou."Aftersomehesitation,theman__6__that,asexecutorofhisfaher'swill,hehadbeencheatinghisbrother,wholivedabroad,ofhis__7__.Thenandtherethewiseolddoctormadethemanwritetohisbrotherasking__8__andenclosingachequeasthefirststePinrestoringtheirgoodrelation.Hethenwentwithhimtomailboxinthecorridor.Astheletterdisappeared,themanburstintotears."Thankyou,"Hesaid,"IthinkIhewas.Aheartfeltapologycannotonly__10__adamagedrelationshiPbutalsomakeitstronger.Ifyouc