考研英语阅读理解真题精选及答案.docx

考研英语阅读理解真题精选及答案.docx

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考研英语阅读理解真题精选及答案

　　TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen.strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

　　Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbysellerproducers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers.whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.

　　Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources（privateproperty）,andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

　　51.InLine7,Para.1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes"means________.

　　[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

　　[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

　　[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

　　[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

　　52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat________.

　　[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

　　[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

　　[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

　　[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

　　53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby________.

　　[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

　　[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

　　[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

　　[D]freecontractsandprices

　　54.Thepassageismainlyabout________.

　　[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

　　[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

　　[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

　　[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

　　答案：

DDAC

　OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theytheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon-it'salreadyhere.

　　Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers.theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

　　Numerousothercommericalenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

　　55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto________.

　　[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

　　[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

　　[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

　　[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

　　56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat________.

　　[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

　　[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

　　[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

　　[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

　　57.Thephrase"ringupsales"（Line2,Para.2）mostprobablymeans"________"

　　[A]makeanorderofgoods

　　[B]recordsalesonacashregister

　　[C]callthesalesmanager

　　[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

　　58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout

　　[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

　　[B]conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

　　[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

　　[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

　　答案：

BCBB

　　Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential.theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

　　Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding-theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

　　Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

　　"Allmenarecreatedequal."We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren-therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren-disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

　　59.Inparagrah2.theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat________.

　　[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety

　　[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare

　　[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

　　[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren

　　60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat________.

　　[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

　　[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

　　[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

　　[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

　　61.Thispassagemainlydealswith________.

　　[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

　　[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety

　　[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

　　[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

　　62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren________.

　　[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

　　[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

　　[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounders

　　[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

　　答案：

ACDA

　　"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,"saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer."But,"hecautions,"somepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable."

　　Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosuffer