大学生英语写作中的母语负迁移现象分析.docx

大学生英语写作中的母语负迁移现象分析.docx

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大学生英语写作中的母语负迁移现象分析

AnAnalysisoftheNegativeTransferofMotherTongueinCollegeStudents’EnglishWriting

Acknowledgements

Iwanttoexpressmyappreciationtomanywhosupportedmyeffortsinwritingthisdissertationduringpastfewmonths.

IamgreatlyindebtedtoProf.Song,whohasofferedmevaluablesuggestionsintheacademicstudies.Inthepreparationofthethesis，shehasspentmuchtimereadingthrougheachdraftandprovidedmewithinspiringadvice.Withoutherpatientinstruction,insightfulcriticismandexpertguidance,thecompletionofthisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.

HeartythanksshouldalsobegiventoMissZhaowholentmeherbookswhichlcouldn’tborrowfromtheschoollibrary.

Specialthanksshouldbeextendedtomyparents,mybrotherandmyclassmateswhogavemealotofencouragementandsupportduringmystudy.

Lastbutnotleast,manythankstoallpeoplewhomayIforgottomentiontheirnames.

Abstract

ThisthesisisbasedonthestudiesofLanguageTransferandErrorAnalysis.Amongthefourimportantlanguageskillsinsecondlanguagelearning,writingisregardedasthemostcomplexoneforChinesecollegestudents.OnenoticeablefactorthatexistsinChinesestudents’Englishwritingisthenegativetransferofthemothertongue.Theauthorcollectedthelanguageerrorsfrom70collegestudents’writings.TheseerrorsaretheresultsofthenegativetransferofmothertongueinEnglishwriting.ThisthesisstressestheinfluenceofthenegativetransferofmothertongueinEnglishwriting.Thenthecommonerrorsarealsocollectedanddividedintothesubstancelevel,thelexicallevel,andthesyntacticlevel.TheselevelsaretheperformanceofthenegativetransferofmothertongueinEnglishwriting.ItfinallymentionssomemeasuresforChinesestudentstoreducethenegativetransferfromourmothertongue.ItishopedthatthesemeasurescanmakelesstransfererrorsinEnglishwriting.

Keywords:

erroranalysis;negativetransfer;mothertongue;Englishwriting

摘要

本文是在语言迁移理论和错误分析的基础上完成的。

在第二语言的四种重要技能学习中，写作是中国大学生比较头疼的问题。

母语负迁移是中国大学生英语写作中的显而易见的因素。

笔者收集了来自70名大学生作文中的错误。

这些错误都是由母语负迁移造成的。

本文强调了在英语写作中母语负迁移的影响。

并将母语负迁移造成的错误分为拼写方面的错误、词汇方面的错误、句子方面的错误。

这些是母语负迁移在英语写作中的集中体现。

最后，本文涉及了一些减少母语负迁移的措施，希望中国学生能在英语写作中减少迁移的错误。

关键词：

错误分析；负迁移；母语；英语写作

Contents

1.Introduction1

2.LiteratureReview1

2.1LanguageTransfer2

2.1.1ThedevelopmentofLanguageTransfer2

2.1.2TheclassificationofLanguageTransfer3

2.2ErrorAnalysis3

2.2.1ThedevelopmentofErrorAnalysis3

2.2.2ThesignificanceofErrorAnalysis4

2.3Relatedstudies4

3.ErrorsCausedbytheNegativeTransferofMotherTongue5

3.1NegativeTransferinSubstance5

3.2NegativeTransferinLexicon7

3.3NegativeTransferinSyntax10

4.Suggestions14

5.Conclusion14

WorksCited16

1.Introduction

Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,EnglishwritingplaysaveryimportantroleinEnglishlearningaswellasinthesocialwork.ThelevelofEnglishwritingembodieslearners’Englishcomprehensivequalities.However,EnglishwritingisavulnerablespotintheprocessofEnglishteaching.InChina,Englishischosenasamainforeignlanguageineducationsystem.AsforChineselearners,Englishwritingisanimportantandformidablelearningtask.TheystarttolearnEnglishontheconditionthattheyhavemasteredChinesemainlyorfully,sointheprocessoflearningEnglish,Chinesesystemtheyhaveestablishedfirmlyinevitablyhasaninfluenceonmasteringthenewlanguagesystem---Englishsystem.Asaresult,variouserrorsmaybefoundintheEnglishwritingofChinesecollegestudents.TheauthorfindsthatonenoticeablefactorthatmaycausewrittenerrorsinChinesecollegestudents’EnglishwritingisthenegativetransferoftheChineselanguage.Therefore,itisnecessarytocarryoutastudyinthisaspect.Thesearchoferrors,especiallytheerrorswhicharecausedbynativelanguage,isreallyworthdoing.

Inthispaper,theauthorwillfocusonthenegativetransferofChineseoncollegestudents’Englishwritingsfromthesubstancelevel,thelexicallevelandthesyntacticlevelbycollectingandanalyzingtheerrorsoccurringin70collegestudents’Englishcompositions.ItishopedthatthelearnerscanknowbetterinwhataspectstheyareweakandwhattheyshouldpaymoreattentiontoinordertoimprovetheirEnglishwriting.AlsoitishopedthatChinesestudentscanreducethenegativetransferfromourmothertongueandmakelesstransfererrorsinEnglishwriting

2.LiteratureReview

Erroranalysisistheprocessofexaminingthenatureoferrorsmadebylanguagelearners,describingthem,categorizingthemandfindingoutthesource.Inthefieldoflanguageteaching,itiswidelyacceptedthatnativelanguagehasaneffectonsecondlanguageacquisitionbothpositivelyandnegatively.Througherroranalysis,wecanfindouthownegativetransferofnativelanguageinfluencessecondlanguageacquisitionandthereasonwhythenegativetransfermayleadtoerrorsoflanguagelearners.Thus,inordertostudyhownativetransferofmothertongueinfluencesone’ssecondlanguagewriting,weneedtoreviewlanguagetransferanderroranalysisfirst.

2.1LanguageTransfer

AccordingtoRandomHouseDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage（1989）,languagetransferisdefinedas“theapplicationofnativelanguagerulesinattemptedperformanceinsecondlanguage,insomecasesresultingindeviationsfromtarget-languagenormsandinothercasesfacilitatingsecond-languageacquisition”.

2.1.1ThedevelopmentofLanguageTransfer

LanguagetransferresearchhasbeendevelopingwithContrastiveAnalysis,ErrorAnalysisandInter-language.ItbeginswiththeworkofAmericanlinguisticsinthe1940sand1950s.Inhistory,therearethreestagesofitsdevelopment.

Thefirstisfromthe1950stothe1960s.Inthisperiod,languagetransferwasthoughttobethemostimportantfactorinsecondlanguageacquisition.In1957,LadoraisedlanguagetransferforthefirsttimeinhisbookLinguisticsAcrossCulture.LinguistsbelievedinLado’shypothesisthatsimilaritiesbetweenthefirstlanguageandthesecondlanguagepromotetheprocessofsecondlanguagelearninganddifferencesbetweenthemhinderthisprocess.Itwasalsobelievedthatthelearner’serrorsanddifficultiescouldbepredictedthroughthecontrastofnativeandtargetlanguage.

Thesecondstageisbetweenthelate1960sandthelate1970s.Inthisperiod,researcherscriticizedandneglectedthelanguagetransfer.Theyfoundthatnotalltheerrorsmadebysecondlanguagelearnerswereduetothetransferofmothertongue.Someresearcherseventriedtodenytheexistenceoflanguagetransferintheirsecondlanguagelearning.

Thethirdstageisfromthe1980s.Languagetransferattractedpeople’sattentionagainandhadbeenregardedasakindoflearningstrategy.Itwasstudiedmorethoroughlyintheprocessofsecondlanguagelearningfromthedifferentpointofview,suchaslanguage,societyandperspective.Therefore,thereweremanylinguistswhohaddonesignificantresearchontheinfluenceofthemothertongueinsecondlanguagelearning.Theyfoundthatwhatinfluencedthesecondlanguagelearnermostwasthenegativetransferofthemothertongue.

Inrecentyears,amorebalancedperspectivehasemergedinwhichtheroleoftransferisacknowledgedandinwhichtransferisseentointeractwithahostofotherfactors.（Ellis1999）

2.1.2TheclassificationofLanguageTransfer

Languagetransfercanbedividedintopositivetransferandnegativetransfer.Positivetransfermeansthatmothertonguehasapositiveeffectonsecondlanguagelearning.Odlin（1989）pointsoutthatthefacilitativeeffectscanonlybeobservedwhenlearnerswithdifferentnativelanguagesarestudiedandlearnercomparisonsarecarriedout.Negativetransfermeansthatmothertonguehinderlearnersfromlearningsecondlanguagebecauseofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.Theprocessoftheacquisitionofsecondlanguagelearnersissocomplexthatlanguagelearnersarecertaintomakevariouserrors.Negativetransferisoneoftheneglectedfactorswhichmayleadtolanguageerrors.

2.2ErrorAnalysis

ErrorAnalysisisthestudyandanalysisoferrorandisconfinedtothelanguagelearner.（HuZhuangling2001）Coder（1981）suggeststhefollowingstepsinEAresearch:

（1）Collectionofasampleoflearnerlanguage,

（2）Identificationoferrors,（3）Descriptionoferrors,（4）Explanationoferrorsand（5）Evaluationoferrors.（WangDong2009）

2.2.1ThedevelopmentofErrorAnalysis

Thedevelopmentoferrorstudieshasexperiencedthreephases:

ContrastiveAnalysisinthe1950sand1960s,ErrorAnalysisin1960sandthetheoryofInter-languageinthe1970s.ContrastiveAnalysiswasbasedontheviewthaterrorsweredifficultiesinfluencedbythelearners’nativelanguageorfirstlanguage.However,researchershavefoundoutthatnotalltheerrorsthathavebeenfoundinthelearnerlanguagearecausedbyfirstlanguageinterference.ThishasledtothedevelopmentofErrorAnalysis.ErrorAnalysisincludesasetofproceduresforidentifying,describing,andexplainingerrorsinthelearnerlanguage.TheEAapproachhasbeenturnedouttobeusefulinforeignlanguageteaching.IthasprovedusefulinformationnotonlyforteachersandlearnersbutalsoforresearchersinthefiledofSecondLanguageAcquisition.Inrecentyears,ErrorAnalysishasalsobeenamajorfocusinappliedlinguisticsinChina.

2.2.2ThesignificanceofErrorAnalysis

Errorsanalysiswasthefirstattempttoinvestigatelearnerlanguageinordertofindouthowlearnersacquireasecondlanguage.Ithasmadeanaturalcontributiontosecondlanguageacquisitionresearch.“Err