国际商务交际作业答案教程文件.docx

国际商务交际作业答案教程文件.docx

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国际商务交际作业答案教程文件

国际商务交际作业答案

Assignmentone

Chapter1EffectiveandEthicalCommunicationatwork

1.Whatdoestheexpression‘communicationskills’include?

Communicationskillsmeanreading,listening,nonverbal,speaking,andwritingskills;communicationskillsarecriticaltoeffectivejobplacement,careeradvancement,andorganizationalsuccess.

2.Fewerlayersofmanagementmeangreatercommunicationchallengesforfrontlineworkers.Why?

Theflatteningmeansfewerlayersofmanagersseparatedecisionmakersfromfrontlineworkers.Intraditionalcompanies,informationflowsthroughmanylevelsofmanagers.Inflatorganizations,however,wherethelivesofcommunicationareshorter,decisionmakerscanreactmorequicklytomarketchanges.Restructuredcompaniesorganizeworkwithhorizontalteamsthatallowvariousareastointeractmoreefficiently.Today’sflatterorganizations,however,alsoposegreatercommunicationchallenges.Inthepast,authoritarianandhierarchicalmanagementstructuresdidnotrequirethateveryemployeebeaskilledcommunicator.Managerssimplyposedalongmessagestothenextlevel.Today,however,frontlineemployeesaswellasmanagersparticipateindecisionmaking.Nearlyeveryoneisawriterandacommunicator.Businesspeoplepreparetheirownmessage;secretariesnolongercleanuptheirbosses’writing.

3.Whyisoralcommunicationconsideredmoreeffectivethanwrittencommunication?

Oralcommunicationhasmanyadvantages.Foronething,itminimizesmisunderstandingsbecausecommunicatorscanimmediatelyaskquestionstoclarifyuncertainties.Foranother,itenablescommunicatorstoseeeachother’sfacialexpressionsandhearvoiceinflections,furtherimprovingtheprocess.Oralcommunicationisalsoanefficientwaytodevelopconsensuswhenmanypeoplemustbeconsulted.Finallymostofusenjoyface-to-faceinterpersonalcommunicationbecauseitiseasy,feelswarmandnatural,andpromotesfriendship.

4.Whenyouarefacedwithadifficultethicaldecision,whatquestionsshouldyouaskself?

Istheactionyouareconsideringlegal?

Howwouldyouseetheproblemifyouwereontheoppositeside?

Whatarealternatesolutions?

Canyoudiscusstheproblemwithsomeonewhoseadviceyoutrust?

Howwouldyoufeelifyourfamily,friends,employer,coworkerslearnedofyouraction?

Chapter2Professionalism:

Team,Meeting,Listening,Nonverbal,andEtiquetteSkills

1.Compareandcontrastpositiveandnegativeteambehavior

Positiveteambehaviors

Negativeteambehaviors

Settingrulesandabidingbythem

Blockingtheideasandsuggestionsofothers

Analyzingtasksanddefiningproblems

Insultingandcriticizingothers

Contributinginformationandideas

Wastingthegroup’stime

Showinginterestbylisteningactively

Makingtheinappropriatejokesandcomments

Encouragingmemberstoparticipate

Failingtostayontask

Synthesizingpointsofagreement

Withdrawing,failingtoparticipate

2.Ifyouareconsideringorganizingameeting,whatshouldyoudobeforethemeeting?

●decidingwhetherameetingisnecessary

●Selectingparticipants

●Distributingadvanceinformation

●Usingdigitalcalendarstoschedulemeetings

3.Howisvideoconferencingdifferentfromwebconferencing?

Webconferencingissimilartovideoconferencingbutmayworkwithorwithoutthetransmissionofpicturesoftheparticipants.AttendeesusetheircomputerstoaccessanonlinevirtualmeetingroomwheretheycanpresentPowerPointslidesorsharespreadsheetsorworddocuments,justastheymightdoinaface-to-facemeeting.Webconferencingisparticularlyusefulforteammeetings,training,andsalespresentations.Participantscandemonstrateproducts,makepresentations,andinteractwithparticipants.

4.Whatisgroupthink,andhowcanitbeavoided?

Groupthink:

faultydecision-makingprocessbyteammemberswhoareoverlyeagertoagreewithoneanother.

Effectiveteamsavoidgroupthinkbystrivingforteamdiversityinage,gender,background,experience,andtraining.

Chapter3interculturalCommunication

1.Whatisgeographicallocationvirtuallyirrelevantformanyactivitiesandservicestoday?

Tobesuccessfulinthisinterdependentglobalvillage,companiesareincreasinglyfindingitnecessarytoadapttoothercultures.

Manycompaniesareincreasinglylookingoverseasasdomesticmarketsmature.Anothersignificantfactoristhepassageoffavorabletradeagreement.Besides,thedevelopmentofnewtransportationandinformationtechnologiescontributethemselvestotheexplosivegrowthofglobalmarkets.

2.Howisa‘stereotype’differentfroma‘prototype’?

Astereotypeisanoversimplifiedbehavioralpatternapplieduncriticallytogroups.Thetermwasuseoriginallybyprinterstodescribeidenticaltypesetintwoframes.Stereotypesarefixedandrigid.Althoughtheymaybeexaggeratedandover-generalizedbeliefswhenappliedtogroupsofpeople,stereotypesarenotalwaysentirelyfalse.Oftentheycontainagrainoftruth.

Prototypes,then,aredynamicandchangewithfreshexperience.Prototypesbasedonobjectiveobservations,usuallyhaveaconsiderableamountoftruthinthem.Thatiswhytheycanbehelpfulinstudyingcultures.

3.Briefly,contrasthigh-andlow-contextcultures.

Low-contextcultures

High-contextcultures

Tendtopreferdirectverbalinteraction;

Tendtounderstandmeaningatonelevelonly;

Aregenerallylessproficientinreadingnonverbalcues;

Valueindividualism;

Relymoreonlogic;

Employlinearlogic;

Saynodirectly;

Communicateinhighlystructured,providedetails,stressliteralmeanings,giveauthoritytowritteninformation

Tendtopreferindirectverbalinteraction;

Tendtounderstandmeaningembodiedatmanysocio-culturallevels;

Aregenerallymoreproficienttoreadingnonverbalcues;

Valuegroupmembership;

Relymoreoncontextandfeeling;

Employspatiallogic;

Talkaroundpoint,avoidsayingno,communicateinasimple,sometimesambiguousmessages,understandvisualmessagereadily

4.Whyisinterculturalcommunicationincreasinglyimportant,andwhatmustbusinesscommunicatorsdotosucceed?

Thereasonsliein:

●Theglobalizationofmarketsmeanthatyoucanexpecttobedoingbusinesswithpeoplefromaroundtheworld;

●Technologicaladvancementsintransportationandinformationaremakingtheworldsmallerandmoreintertwined;

●Moreandmorepeoplearecomingfromothercultures,thuschangingthecompetitionofthemarketplace.Successfulinteractionrequiresawareness,tolerance,andaccommodation.

Businesscommunicatorsneedsto:

●Learnforeignphrases

●Usesimplelanguage

●Speakslowlyandenunciateclearly

●Observeeyemessages

●Encourageaccuratefeedback

●Checkfrequentlyforcomprehension

●Acceptblame

●Listenwithoutinterrupting

●Smilewhenappropriate

●Followupinwriting.

AssignmentTwo

Chapter4panningbusinessmessages

1.Whydoyouthinkbusinesswritingdiffersfromschoolessaywriting?

Inpreparinghighschoolorcollegecompositionandtermpapers,youprobablyfocusedondiscussingyourfeelingsordisplayingyourknowledge.Yourinstructorswantedtoseeyourthoughtprocesses,andtheywantedassurancethatyouhadinternalizedthesubjectmatter.Youmayhavehadtomeetaminimumwordcount.Businesswriters,however,havedifferentgoals.Forbusinessmessagesandoralpresentations,writingshouldbe:

●Purposeful:

youwillbewritingtosolveproblemsandconveyinformation.Youwillhaveadefinitepurposetofulfillineachmessage.

●Persuasive:

youwantyouraudiencetobelieveandacceptyourmessage.

●Economical:

youwilltrytopresentideasclearlybutconcisely.Lengthisnotrewarded.

●Audience-oriented:

youwillconcentrateonlookingataproblemfromtheperspectiveoftheaudienceinsteadofseeingitfromyourown.

2.Whatismeantby‘audiencebenefits”?

Indescribingeffectivewriting,BnFranklinobserved,“Tobegood,itoughttohaveatendencytobenefitthereader.”Thesewisewordshavebecomeafundamentalguidelinefortoday’sbusinesscommunicators.ExpandingonFranklin’scounsel,acontemporarycommunicationconsultantgivesthissolidadvicetohisbusinessclients:

“alwaysstressthebenefittotheaudience,ofwhateveritisyouaretryingtogetthemtodo.Ifyoucanshowhowyouaregoingtosavethemfrustrationorhelpthemmeettheirgoals,youhavethemakingsofapowerfulmessage.

3.Whenisthe‘you’viewappropriate,andwhenisitinappropriate?

Appropriate:

noticethatmayofthepreviousaudience-focusedmessagesincludedthewordyou.Inconcentratingonreceiverbenefits,skilledcommunicatorsnaturallydevelopthe‘you’view.Theyemphasizesecond-personpronounsinsteadoffirst-personpronouns.Whetheryourgoalistoinform,persuade,orpromotegoodwill,thecatchiestwordsyoucanuseareyouandyour.

Inappropriate:

althoughyouwanttofocusonthereaderorlistener,donotoveruseormisusethesecond-personpronounyou.Readersandlistenersappreciategenuineinterest;ontheotherhand,theyresentobviousattemptatmanipulation.Theauthorsofsomesales,forexample,areguiltyofoverkillwhentheyincludeyoudozensoftimesinadirectmailpromotion.Furthermore,thewordcansometimescreatethewrongimpression.Anotherdifficultyinemphasizingthe‘you’viewandde-emphasizingwe/Iisthatitmayresultinoveruseofthepassivevoice.

4.WhyisitOKtouseinstantmessagingabbreviationsandhappyfacesinmessagestofriendsbutnotOKinbusiness?

Mostinstantmessages,emailmessages,businessletters,memos,andreportsreplaceconversation.Thus,theyaremosteffectivewhentheyconveyaninformal,conversationaltoneinsteadofaformal,pretentioustone.Workplacemessagessho