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毕业论文

题目：

《儿子与情人》家庭问题的研究

学院：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

班级：

专接本12--1班

姓名：

张扩

学号：

20120306005

指导教师：

赵双玉

2014

年

5

月

28

日

AGraduationThesisfortheB.A.Degree

AStudyofFamilyIssuesinSonsandLovers

By

Zhangkuo

Supervisor:

Prof.ZhaoShuangyu

ResearchDirection:

Literature

Specialty:

EnglishLanguage&Literature

Class:

1201

RegisterNumber:

20120306005

Faculty:

SchoolofForeignLanguages

ShijiazhuangUniversity

May28,2014

郑重声明

本人的毕业论文是在导师指导下独立撰写完成的，学位论文没有剽窃、抄袭，造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权行为。

若有上述情况，本人愿意独立承担由此产生的法律责任和法律后果，特此郑重声明。

学位论文作者（签名）：

2014年5月28日

Acknowledgements

IwanttoattendmysincerethankstoprofessorZhao,Mysupervisor,forherwarm-heartedencouragementandpatientguide.Shegavemevaluableadviceonhowtogetmaterialsaboutthetopicandpolishthelanguage.Fromtheoutlinetothefinalcompletion,ProfessorZhaogivesmeticulouscareandinsightfulcomments.Withoutherexpertinstructions,mythesiswouldnothaveappearedinthepresentform.

Besides,myheartfulthanksalsogotoallmyteachersoftheschoolofforeignlanguagesatShijiazhuangUniversityfortheirconducivecourse,sincerehelpandhelpfulguideswhichinspireme.Throughmyteachers,Ihavelearnedalotofthingswhichnotonlyincludeknowledgebutalsothewaystobeausefulman.Moreover,Igratefullythankallmyclassmatesandfriendswhohavebeensupportingmethroughoutthe4years,makingmycollegelifecolorfulandmeaningful.

Lastbutnottheleast;mysinceregratitudealsoattendstomyfamily,myparentsandoldbrother.Theynotonlyprovidefinancialsupport,butalsoendlesscares,encourageandguide.It’sourparentswhodevotealltheirenergiestous.

摘要

在十九世纪末二十世纪初，英国进行了资本主义工业革命。

资本主义工业文明及宗教导致社会的不平等，使下层人民过着惨不忍睹的生活。

这种现代工业使无数人的感情变得压抑，紧张的生活节奏窒息了了生机勃勃的人性，扭曲了人的灵魂，一系列家庭问题接踵而至。

矿工生活的不幸和艰苦是来自下层阶级的莫雷尔先生性情暴躁，酗酒成性，从而引起了来自中层阶级的莫雷尔太太的不满，夫妻间矛盾激化，展开了一场可怕而残忍的战争。

家庭和婚姻的不幸使莫雷尔太太将全部感情和希望都倾注到了儿子身上，儿子取代了丈夫的位置，成了她的另一个情人。

母亲对保罗的过份关心以及父亲的冷漠使保罗从童年时期就开始憎恶父亲而过分依恋母亲—俄狄浦斯情结或恋母情节—形成了保罗脆弱的性格，并进而发展到丧失了独立自主能力和恋爱能力，这在保罗以后的两段恋情中都有体现。

信奉宗教的米莉安与保罗的爱偏重于精神的结合和，不能满足他肉体上的冲动和欲望；而克莱拉与保罗之间却只有肉体的结合而无精神共鸣。

不管是精神上的共鸣还是肉体上的结合，保罗都认为是对母亲的背叛，造成了他爱情的悲剧。

母爱是世间最纯洁的爱，但当母亲不放手或儿子有恋母情节时，婆媳矛盾就会激化，不利于家庭和睦。

关键词：

工业革命；家庭问题；恋母情节；儿子；情人

Abstract

Intheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury,Britaincompletedtheindustrialrevolutionofcapitalism.TheIndustrialcivilizationofcapitalismandreligionwidenedthegapsofpeoplefromthedifferentclassesandcausedtheinequalityofthesociety.Thepeoplefromthelowestclasslivedamiserablelife.Themodernindustrymadecountlesspeopledepressedtheiremotionsandtheacceleratingpaceofliferestrainedthevigoroushumanityaswellastwistedtheirsouls.Consequentlyaseriesoffamilyissuesoccurred.Mr.Morelwasfromthelowestclass.Themisfortuneandbitternessofminerlifemadehimirritableandbeaddictedtowine,whichdissatisfiedMrs.Morelwhowasfromthemiddleclass.Thecontradictionsbetweenthemwereintensifiedandahorribleandcruelwartookplace.ThemisfortuneoffamilyandmarriagemadeMrs.Morelplaceallheremotionsandhopesonhersonwhohasreplacedhisfatherandbecamehismother’slover.ToomuchcareMrs.MorelgavePaulandtheindifferenceofMr.MorelmadePaulhatehisfatherandattachtoomuchtohismother—thatwasOedipusComplexorMotherfixation.ThismadePaulformcowardcharacteristicsandbedisabletobeindependentandlovelikeothers,whichcouldbeseenfromhistwoloveaffairswithMiriamandClara.

Miriamwasloyaltoreligion.ShecouldgivePaulloveonlyinspirit,butcouldn’tsatisfyPaul’sdesireandimpulseonflesh;whilewithClara,thecombinationwasonlyinfleshandtheyhadlittlecommonlanguage.Nomatterthecombinationwasinspiritorinflesh,Paulthoughtthatitwasabetrayaltohismother,whichcausedhislovetragedy.Thelovefrommotherwasthepurestintheworld.Butifthemotherdon’tletgoofthesonsorthesonshaveOedipusComplexorMotherfixation,thecontradictionsbetweenmotherandwfewillbeintensified,whichwasdetrimentaltotheharmonyofthefamily.

Keywords:

industrialrevolution；familyissues；OedipusComplex；MotherFixation；sons；lovers

Contents

I.Introduction.................................................................................1

II.TheOedipusComplexofPaul...........................................................3

2.1ThereasonsofformationfromtheOedipusComplexofPaul

2.1.1TheinfluenceofIndustrialRevolution...............................3

2.1.2Theinfluenceofreligions...................................................4

2.1.3Theinfluenceoffamilyenvironment.................................5

2.2ThedemonstrationofOedipusComplexfromthelifetimeofPaul.........7

2.2.1TheaffairbetweenPaulandMiriam...............................7

2.2.2TheaffairbetweenPaulandClara.......................

III.TheconflictsbetweenMrs.MorelandMr.Morel…………………

3.1Thereasonstocausetheconflicts…………………

3.1.1Differentbackground,familyenvironmentandeducation

3.1.2Lackofunderstandingbeforegettingmarried

3.1.3Theirowncharacteristics

3.2Thedevelopmentoftheconflicts

IV.Conclusion........................................................................................14

Bibliography...........................................................................................16

I．Introduction

ThebookofsonsandloverswaswrittenbyDavidHerbertLawrencewhowasoneofthemostimportantandcontroversialBritishwriterofthe20thcenturyandthefatheroferoticfiction.Althoughhehadashortlife,butheleftlotsoffamousnovelswhosepurposesweretocriticizethecurrentsociety.Withdistinctiveviewpoints,Lawrencevividlydemonstratedtheinnerworldoftheprotagonists.Thisbrokethewritingtraditionofpredecessorsinthe19thcentury.Thiswashisfirstnovelaswellasthemasterpiece.Mostofhisworkswereabouttherelationsbetweenmanandwoman.Italsoexhibitedtheabnormalrelationbetweenthemotherandtheson.Mr.MorelwhowasaminerinthelowestclassofthesocietyfellinlovewithMrs.Morelwhocamefromthemiddleclass.Becauseofthedifferentbackground,educationandsoon,themarriagewasfullofconflicts.Theheavy-drinkingminercouldnotsatisfyMrs.Morel,sosheplacedallherexpectationsonherson-Paul.BecauseMrs.MorelcaredPaultoomuch,MotherFixationorOedipusComplexwasformedonhim.ThenovelwasalsoaautobiographyofLawrence.HehadthesamefamilyenvironmentwithPaul.Hisfatherwasalsoaminerwhilehismotherwasrefine,strong-willedandamiddleclasslady.MostofLawrence’searlyworkswerewiththesubjectsofhislivingenvironment.

II．TheOedipusComplex

Duringtheperiodofindustrialrevolution,theillsocialenvironmenttriggeredsomefamilyissues.Therewerevariouskindsoffamilyissues.TheOedipusComplexwasoneoftheproblems.

ThetermofOedipusComplexderivedfromthe5thcenturyBCmythology:

theOedipusking,whounwittinglykilledhisfather,andmarriedhismother.ItwasintroducedbySigmundFreud,apsychologist.Itmeantthataboywantedtosexuallypossesshismotherandkillhisfather.Itwasanessentialstageforboystogothroughandgrowup.Soinourlife,weshouldpaymuchattentiontothepsychologicalhealthnotonlythephysicalhealth.Duringthestage,themothersneededtoletthechildrenknowthattheyshouldbeindependentandanindividual.Don’trelytoomuchonthemother.Iftherelationshipsoftheparentsrelativelylovedandthechildcouldobtainlovenotonlyfromhismotherbutalsofromhisfather,hewouldpassthroughthestageharmoniously.Whileifachildcouldnotsmoothlypassthroughthismentalstage,itwasdifficultforhimtodealwiththerelationsbetweenmotherandthewifewhenconflictsoccurredbetweenthem.SoweshouldtryourbesttoovercometheOedipusComplextomaintainthestabilityofthefamiliesandthesociety.

2.1ThereasonsofformationfromtheOedipusComplexofPaul

ManyfactorscontributedtotheformationofPaul’sOedipusComplex.Asweallknewthatdifferenttimeshaddifferentcharacteristics.Intheperiodofindustrialrevolution,peopleinthelowestclasshadtoworkdayandnight.Theyweredepressed,sosomementalproblemsoccurred.Besidesthat,religionandthefamilyenvironmentcouldnotbeignored.ThefamilyenvironmentwasthedirectcausetoformtheOedipusComplexortheMotherFixation.Whenthechildwasborn,theparentswerehisfirstteacher.Hisparentsweretheembodyofthefailedmarrage.Hecouldonlygetlovefromhismotherandlackoftheloveofhisfather.Sodistortedcharacteristicsformed.

2.1.1theinfluenceofIndustrialRevolution.

Thehealthystateofmindwasbasedonthesoundsocialenvironment.Theillsocialenvironmentcouldtriggeraseriesofproblems.Intheendof19thcentury,Britainsteppeduptheeffortsofindustrialrevolution.Therealizationofindustryresultedintherapiddevelopmentandprosperityofeconomy,whichwidenedthegapsbetweendifferentclasses.Intheunequalsociety,thepeoplefromthelowestclassleadamiserablelife.Theyhadtokeepworkinglikemachines.Thisindustrialcivilizationmadepeopledepresstheirfeelingsandtheacceleratingpaceofliferestrainedthevigoroushumanityofpeople.Inthesametime,somefamilyissuestookplace.TheheavyworkmadeMr.Morelirritable,whichcausedthedissatisfactionofMrs.Morel.Withtheunhappymarriage,Mrs.MorelputallherloveonPaul.Underthisbackground,theM