建筑工程常用术语大全.docx

建筑工程常用术语大全.docx

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建筑工程常用术语大全

国际工程常用英汉词汇汇编

一、基础词汇access交通

agreement同意、协议allocation分配、配置

approval同意、批准arbitration仲裁

AsiaDevelopmentBank亚洲开发银行assistant助理、助手

authorize（delegate）授权、委托BillofQuantities（BOQ）工程量表civilworks土建工程claim索赔

comment评论、意见

commercialmanager商务经理conditionsofcontract合同条件

generalconditions通用条件

conditionsofparticularapplication专用条件specialconditionsofcontract特别条件ConditionsofcontractforWorksofCivilEngineeringConstruction土木工程施工合同条件

constructionmanagement施工管理consultant顾问

contractagreement合同协议Contractor承包商cooperation合作coordination协作cost费用

costcontrol成本控制counterclaim反索赔demobilization退场department部门Designer设计者drawing图纸

shopdrawing车间图designdrawing设计图as-builtdrawing竣工图bluedrawing蓝图

transparentdrawing透明图constructiondrawing施工图electricworks电气工程

Employer（Client/Owner）业主Engineer工程师

Engineer'srepresentative工程师代表engineeringproject工程项目internationalproject国际工程

overseasproject海外工程domesticproject国内工程equipment设备expatriate外籍职员expert专家

export出口

FederationofCivilEngineeringContractor土木工程承包商联合会formal正式的

hydromechanicalworks金结工程import进口

inchargeof负责、主管informal非正式的InstitutionofCivil

Engineers（ICE）土木工程师协会instrument仪器、器械insurance保险labour劳务

layout布置

leadingcompany（sponsor）牵头公司、责任公司liability（responsibility/obligation）责任、义务lumpsump总包machinery机械

manpower（humanresource）人力资源Manufacturer制造商

material材料

measure办法、措施

takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施measurement测量、计量memorandum备忘录mobilization进场objection反对payment支付plant设备

pointofview（opinion）观点、意见prequalification资格预审procurement采购profit利润

progresscontrol进度控制projectmanager项目经理qualitycontrol质量控制request（application）申请、请求review审查risk风险

riverclosure截流riverdiversion导流safety安全

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signature签名

site工地、现场

siteengineer现场工程师specification规格、规范staff职员

Subcontractor分包商submission提交

supervise监督、监视Supplier供货商

theInternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会

unitprice单价

variation（change）变更WorldBank世界银行二、工程施工类

（一）工程施工-土建类

◆开挖与支护（ExcavationandSupport）明挖（OpenExcavation）benchexcavation台阶开挖concreteexcavation砼开挖faultexcavation断层开挖foundationexcavation基础开挖localexcavation局部开挖

mass（bulk）excavation大面积开挖protectivelayerexcavation保护层开挖rockexcavation岩石开挖slopeexcavation边坡开挖

softgroundexcavation软基开挖soilexcavation土方开挖structuralexcavation结构开挖

toothexcavation齿槽开挖

unclassifiedmaterialexcavation不分类料开挖

coefficientofnonuniformity开挖不均匀系数cutofftrench截水槽

dewatering（drainage）排水excavationpit开挖基坑

intensityofexcavation开挖强度overexcavate（overbreak）超挖pumpsump水泵坑

Underexcavate（underbreak）欠挖

underbreaktreatment欠挖处理

洞挖及地下开挖（TunnelandUndergroundExcavation）

aroundofexcavation一个开挖循环adit支洞advance进尺

advancesdepth进尺深度breakinghole崩落孔cushionhole缓冲孔drift掏槽

bottomdrift底部掏槽centerdrift中心掏槽sidedrift边部掏槽topdrift顶部掏槽drilling钻孔

driving（progress）rate进尺率easer掏槽孔

erectingsupportsfortheroofandsidewall对顶拱及边墙进行支护

fullfaceexcavation全断面开挖

headingandbenchexcavation导流与台阶开挖

loadingandhaulingmuck（mucking）装拉渣loading（charging）装药perimeterhole周边孔pilottunnel导洞removingdust除尘

removinggroundwater清除地面积水shootingtheexplosive（blasting）放炮topheadingexcavation上导洞开挖ventilation通风

钻孔爆破（DrillingandBlasting）abandonedhole废孔

averageholedepth平均孔深averagequantityusedinunitvolumeblasted平均单耗

blastingresult爆破结果blockness块度

controlledperimeterblasting周边控制爆破dataofexplosivefilled装药参数dataofholesdrilled钻孔参数delayedblasting延时爆破exploratoryhole探孔explosivequantity药量

explosivequantityinasound单响药量handlingmisfire处理哑炮lightcharge少量装药looseningblasting松动爆破pattern布孔方式

distancebetweenholes孔距distancebetweenrows排距postshearingblasting微差爆破presplitingblasting预裂爆破

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quantityofholes孔数smoothblasting光面爆破延时支护（rocksupport）

expansionshellrockbolt胀壳式张拉锚杆featurerockanchor随机锚索featurerockbolt随机张拉锚杆featurerockdowel随机砂浆锚杆featurerockreinforcement随机加固latticegirder钢桁架、格构大梁patterncementgroutedrockdowel系统水泥浆锚杆

patternresingroutedrockdowel系统树脂浆锚杆

patternrockdowel系统砂浆锚杆patternrockreinforcement系统加固permanentrocksupport永久支护

post-tensionedcementgroutedtendonrockanchor后张拉水泥浆锚索reboundmaterial回弹料

returnrockbolt回头张拉锚杆returnrockreinforcement回头加固shotcreteanchorage喷锚

shotcretewithwiremesh挂网喷砼steelfabricshotcrete钢纤维喷砼steelrib钢拱架

temporaryrocksupport临时支护

tensionedresingroutedrockbolt树脂张拉锚杆

◆土石料的填筑及碾压施工工序（WorkingSequence）

backfill回填blend混合compact碾压

controlledsprinkling控制洒水cuttheslope削坡dump卸料exploit开采level整平load装料

moisturecondition水分调节placeandspread摊铺remove清除replace重新回填

retreat（dotheworkagain）返工scarify翻松、刨毛

screenandwash筛分和冲洗takeasample取样

test测试transport运输treat处理trim修整

缺陷（Defects）

calciumparticles姜石

contaminatedmaterial受污染料

declinationoftheboundary料界偏差dry干燥

lackofcompaction漏压lumpsump结块

muddy泥泞

oversizematerial超粒径材料pocket囊穴seepage渗流separation分离sheararea剪力区lens透镜体

其它（Others）

bondingsurface结合面byproduct副产品

controllingparameter控制参数fillplacementrecord填筑记录frogarea蛙夯区

requiredembankment必要填方

subzone分区

◆混凝土（Concrete）

air-entrainedconcrete（aeratedconcrete）加气砼

asphaltconcrete沥青砼

blindingconcrete垫层砼

cast-insitu（site/place）concrete现浇砼plasticconcrete塑料砼fibrousconcrete纤维砼firststageconcrete一期砼foamedconcrete泡沫砼

high-performanceconcrete高性能砼high-strengthconcrete高强砼intrusionconcrete压浆砼

leanconcrete（poorconcrete）贫砼

lightweightaggregateconcrete轻骨料砼massconcrete大体积砼non-finesconcrete无砂砼non-plasticconcrete干硬性砼non-shrinkageconcrete无收缩砼normalconcrete常态砼plainconcrete素砼

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porousconcrete多孔砼prestressedconcrete预应力砼pumpconcrete泵送砼

reinforcedconcrete钢筋砼

rollercompactedconcrete（rollcrete）碾压砼secondstageconcrete二期砼作业（Activity）

clearance（clearing）清理concrete

pouring（placement/casting）砼浇筑curing养护

Membrancecuring薄膜养护moistcuring湿润养护normalcuring标准养护steamcuring蒸汽养护repairing修理

Scabbling（chiping/roughening）凿毛greencutting冲毛surfacefinishing收面vibrating振捣缺陷（Defects）

bughole（pittedsurface）麻面cavity狗洞coldjoint冷缝crack裂缝

deformation变形depression坑洼

fire-damagedconcrete火损砼formworkshifting（moving）跑模groutleakage漏浆（挂帘）

honeycomb蜂窝

incompletevibration不完全振捣、漏振irregularity不规则

segregation（bleeding）离析stair（staggeredjoint）错台tierodhole拉杆孔waterleakage漏水waterseepage渗水外加剂（Admixture）accelerator速凝剂

air-entrainingagent引气剂

bloating（bulking/expansion）agent膨胀剂coringadmixture着色剂

early-strengthadmixture早强剂

gas-formingadmixture发气剂（起泡剂）fluidizer塑化剂retardingagent缓凝剂

set-controllingadmixture调凝剂super-plasticizer增塑剂、高效减水剂surface-activeagent表面活性剂water-reducingagent减水剂

acceleratingwaterreducer速凝型减水剂retardingwaterreducer缓凝型减水剂waterproofagent防水剂指标（Indexes）

compressivestrength抗压强度compressivestress压应力concreteclass砼等级finalstrength终凝强度graduation级配

graduationcurve级配曲线impermeability抗渗性

initialsettingstrength初凝强度

mixdesign配比设计

resistancetofreezingandthawing抗冻融性shearstrength抗剪强度slump坍落度

specificweight/gravity比重stabilityagainstsliding抗滑稳定性strain应变

surfacefinish表面平整度tensilestrength抗拉强度tensilestress拉应力thermalstress温度应力water-cementratio水灰比workingstress工作应力其他（Others）acceptance验收age龄期

aggregate骨料

fineaggregate细骨料coarseaggregate粗骨料airpocket气囊

airtightness气密性

alternative替代物、替换方法apply应用、施加bendingmoment弯矩block仓号

bindingstrength黏结强度calibration标定cementanchor锚固卷concreteplug砼塞

concreteprecastelement砼预制件concretereleasesheet发料单

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上面已看！

constructionjoint施工缝contamination/pollution污染conversion（reconstruction）改建coverage覆盖范围curingagent养护剂deliverysheet运料单directdischarge直接入仓

elevation高程、正视图

epoxymortarapplication还氧砂浆抹面existing现有（存）的expansionjoint伸缩缝facilitate使容易（便利）gabion纤丝笼humidity湿度identity识别、标记ingredient成分、配料inspection检查、验收

preliminaryinspection初验finalinspection终验

appearanceinspection外观检查intact完整的、未被触动的inter-towerjoint塔间缝introduceinto将……穿入

isolate隔离laitance浮浆皮

layer（lift）height层高

meetdesignrequirement满足设计要求momentofinertia惯性距

Pocket（boxout/presethole）预留孔post-cooling后冷却posttensioning后张拉pre-cooling预冷却pre-stressing预应力pre-tensioning先张拉

pull-offtest扒拉试验

reinforcementcover钢筋保护层remark备注

sectionarea截面面积shearkey抗剪键

keygroove键槽

shotcretedry-mixprocess干喷砼生产shotcretewet-mixprocess湿喷砼生产simplify简化

simultaneously同时地spacer水泥垫块

spacing间距

stressconcentration应力集中symmetry对称

technicaldata技术参数

temperaturecontrol温度控制temperaturedifference温差temperaturerise（gain）温度升高theoreticalelongation理论延长量unloading卸载

waterstop止水

PVCwaterstopPVC止水rubberwaterstop橡皮止水copperwaterstop铜止水watertightness闭水性

winterprotection冬季保温

◆模板（Formwok/Shutteringform）erecting（settingup/fixing）formwork立模Stripping（removing/dismantling）formwork拆模

bondbreaker脱模剂climbingcone爬升锥dambracket大坝支架distancepiece横支撑

double-curvatureformwork双曲模板flatformwork平面模板

formworkoil模板油pigtailanchor猪尾筋

retractableformwork进退式模板shearkeybox键槽盒slidingformwork滑模steelformcarrier钢模台车steelformwork钢模

steelwaling钢围令、钢支撑stopend堵头、封堵模板temporaryformwork临时模板tierod（formtie）拉杆

tiltableformwork倾斜式模板

vaultandinvertformwork顶拱及底拱模板woodformwork木模

◆钢筋（ReinforcementRebar）distributionbar分布筋dowel插筋

horizontalbar水平筋laplength搭接长度

mainstressbar主应力筋overlap搭接shearbar剪力筋

splicewelding绑条焊接starterbar起始筋、苗子锦stirrup箍筋supportbar架立筋verticalbar竖直筋

◆灌浆（Grouting）

backfillgrouting回填灌浆

consolidationgrouting固结灌浆contactgrouting接触灌浆curtaingrouting帷幕灌浆gapgrouting接缝灌浆gravitygrouting自重灌浆jetgroutin