基础英语第三单元答案.docx
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基础英语第三单元答案
基础英语第三单元课后习题答案
Textcomprehension
I. A
II. 1.F;2.T;3.T;4.T;5.F.
III. 1.SeeParagraph1.peoplerushingintoelevatorswithoutgivingthoseinsideachancetogetofffirst,neversaying“Thankyou”whenothersholdadooropenforthem,or“Please”whentheywantacoworkertohandthemsomething,nevergivingawaveornodofappreciationwhenanothermotoristletsthempulloutintotraffic.
2.Seeparagraph4,exampleandpanache.Agraciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddspricelesspanachetoyourimage.
3.Seepara.5,arecipe.Thenotewaslovelyenough,butevenlovelierwasthefactthattheguesthadalsoincludedarecipeforadishI’dcomplimentedheronatanearliergathering.
4.Seepara.7,“Excuseme”.Justaspowerfulasathank-younoteisthesimplephrase“Excuseme.”
5.Seepara.9,welovethemost.That’swhereitcountsthemostbecausethosearethepeoplewelovethemost.
6.Seepara.11.Shewishesthateveryonewouldcatchthem.
IV. 1.Agraciousmannermakesyoulookmuchmorestylish,charmingandadmirable,contributinginvaluablytoyourimage.
2.Iamsurethattofinishwritingathank-younotewillnottakemyguesttoomuchtime.
3.Itmademostofyourirritationdisappear.
4.Beingpunctualhasalwaysbeenconsideredavirtue,bothinthepastandatpresent;ithasnotbecomeoutdated.
5.Youshouldn’taccepttheotherperson’spresencewithoutthinkingofhowmuchitmeanstoyou.
6.Goodmannersareeasytocatch.
Structuralanalysisofthetext
I.VocabularyAnalysis
I.Phrasepractice
1.getawayfromsth.=becomedifferentfromwhatitshouldbelike偏离了以往的规范
2.givingawaveornodofappreciation=displayinggratitudebywavingahandornoddingthehead招手或点头以表示感谢
pulloutintotraffic=moveoutontothemainroad从路侧驶入车流
3.matterverymuch=beofgreatsignificance
4．onthereceivingend=whoreceivesthethank-youremark接收方；
5.goalongway=produceafar-reachingeffect有长远的影响
II.
1. punctuality;2.routine;3.infectious;4.bet;5.terrific;6.board;7.valued;8.count;9.cherishes;10.irritations.
III.
1.
matter:
tobeimportant,ortoaffectwhathappens
happen:
whensomethinghappens,thereisanevent,especiallyonethatisnotplanned
care:
ifyoucareaboutsomething,youfeelthatitisimportantandareconcernedaboutit
mind:
totakecareofsomeoneorsomething
2.
hurry:
todosomethingorgosomewheremorequicklythanusual,especiallybecausethereisnotmuchtime
rush:
ifyourushsomewhere,yougotherequickly
hasten:
youhastensomethingbyactinginordertomakeithappensooner
quicken:
tobecomequickerormakesomethingquicker
3.
copartner:
ajointpartner（asinabusinessenterprise）
coworker:
yourcoworkerissomeoneyouworkwith,especiallypeopleonthesamejoborprojectasyou
colleague:
yourcolleaguesarethepeopleyouworkwith,especiallyinaprofessionaljob
cooperative:
abusinessororganizationownedequallybyallthepeopleworkingthere
4.
pullup:
thedriverstopsthecar,oftenforashorttime
pullout:
avehiclestartsmovingontoaroadorontoadifferentpartoftheroad
pulloff:
todriveacaroffaroadinordertostop,ortoturnintoasmallerroad
pulldown:
toearnaparticularamountofmoney
e.g.Heispullingdown$5,000ayear.
5.
manner:
thewayinwhichpeoplebehaveandtalkwhentheyarewithotherpeople,forexamplewhethertheyarepolite,confidentorbad-tempered
behaviour:
thethingthatapersonoranimaldoes
act:
somethingthatyoudo
way:
thewaysofaparticularpersonorgroupofpeoplearetheircustomsortheirusualbehavior
6.
graceful:
behaveinapleasantway
gracious:
behavinginapolite,kind,andgenerousway,especiallytopeopleofalowerrank
grateful:
wishtothank
grand:
splendidinstyleandappearance;attractingadmirationandattention
7.
menu:
alistofallthekindsoffoodthatareavailableforameal,especiallyinarestaurant
cookbook:
abookthatcontainsrecipesforpreparingfood
recipe:
asetofinstructionsforcookingaparticulartypeoffood
ingredient:
afoodthatisusedwithotherfoodsinthepreparationofaparticulardish
8.
huge:
extremelylargeinsize,amount,ordegree
enormous:
emphasizingthegreatdegreeorextentofsomething
vast:
extremelybig
colossal:
usedtoemphasizethatsomethingisextremelylarge
IV.
1. compliment:
praiseinsincerelyasanemptyformalityorself-interestedgesture.
a.praised;b.compliment;c.praise;d.complimented.
2. appreciate:
bethankfulorgrateful;likeorvaluesomething.
a.appreciated;b.enjoyed;c.enjoying;d.appreciated.
3. precious:
valuable,rare,important.Priceless:
worthalotofmoney.
a.priceless;b.priceless;c.precious;d.precious.
4. notice:
takeinasmalldetail.
a.see;b.notice;c.see;d.noticd
V.Synonym/Antonym
Givesynonymsorantonymsofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.…nevergivingawaveornodofappreciationwhenanothermotoristletsthempulloutintotraffic.
Synonyms:
thanks,recognition
2.Inourlazinesswethinkthatsomethinglikeasimple“Thankyou”doesn’treallymatter.
Antonyms:
activeness,liveliness,briskness,eagerness
3.Wecan’tbetrulystylishwithoutgoodmanners.
Synonyms:
fashionable,graceful,elegant
4.Haven’tyounoticedthatthekindest,mostgenerouspeopleseemtokeepgettingprettier?
Antonyms:
selfish,mean,ungenerous
5.Agraciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddspanachetoyourimage.
Synonyms:
nice,courteous,polite,friendly
6.Iknowweallhavebusylives.
Antonyms:
leisurely,relaxed,idle,unoccupied,lazy
7.Butwhensomeonedoesstopandturnaroundandgenuinelyapologizes,doesn’titmeltaway
most—ifnotall—oftheirritationyoufelt?
Synonyms:
annoyance,vexation,displeasure,dissatisfaction
8.Andpunctualityisnotathingofthepast,either.
Antonyms:
promptness,timekeeping,reliability
4.Wordderivation
Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriateformofthegivencapitalizedwordinthebrackets.
1..Thenext-doorneighboursaresounfriendlythatwehavestoppedtryingtotalktothem.（friend）
2.Yes,IcanspeakalittleSpanishbecauseIspentsomeofmyboyhoodinSpain.（boy）
3.Thedoctordealtwiththehystericalpatientwithunderstanding.（understand）
4.There’sareceptionattheBritishEmbassytonight.（receive）
5.Thedisappearanceofthemoneyfromthecash-boxshowsthatsomebodyinthisofficeisathief.（appear）
6.Youmustacceptthedecisionofthecommittee.（decide）
7.TomandTimaretwinbrothers.Theylookexactlyalike,（动名词短语独立结构）differingonlyinheight.（difference）
8.Torelievethetrafficcongestion,thegovernmenthasbuiltseveralelevatedroadsinthecity.（elevator）.
1.friend（n.）朋友，友人，支持者
friendly（adj.&adv.）友好的，友善的
friendship（n.）友谊，友好
friendliness（n.）友好，亲切
friendless（adj.）没有朋友的，无依无靠的
unfriendly（adj.）不友好的，有敌意的
2.boy（n.）男孩，儿子，男服务员
boyish（adj.）像男孩子的
boyhood（n.）少年时代
boylish（adj.）男孩样的，很帅气的
boyishness（n.）少年，幼稚，孩子气
3.understand（v.）理解，懂，听说，获悉
understanding（n.）了解，理解，个人见解，非正式协议
understandingly（adv.）谅解地
understandable（adj.）可理解的，能够懂的
understandability（n.）易懂性，可理解性
understandableness（n.）不可理解
misunderstand（v.）误会，误解
misunderstanding（n.）误会，误解
4.receive（v.）收到，接到，受到
received（adj.）被一般承认的，公认的
receiving（n.）接收，买卖赃物
receiver（n.）接收器，收款员，接待者，听筒
receivable（adj.）可收到的，应收的
receivability（n.）可以接受，可接纳
5.appear（v.）出现，显得，出版，抵达
appearance（n.）外表，外貌出场，露面，出现
disappear（v.）消失，不见
disappearance（n.）消失
6.decide（v.）决定，判断
decided（adj.）确定的，坚决的
decision（n.）决定，决策
decisiveness（n.）坚决，果断
decisive（adj.）决定性的
7.difference（n.）差异，分歧，差额，不同
different（adj.）不同的，差异的
differ（v.）不同，相异，有区别
differential（adj.）差别的，特定的，微分的
differentiate（v.）识别，使差异，求导数，区分
differentiation（n.）区别，分化，变异
8.elevator（n.）电梯，飞机升降陀
elevate（v.）举起，提拔，素养提升，鼓舞
elevation（n.）海拔，提拔，提高
elevatory（adj.）向上举的，升高的
IIGrammarExercise
1."more…than"construction
※Youcanuse“alittle”,“alot”,“abit”,“agreatdeal”,“any”,“far”,“even”“still”,and“much”infrontofmorethanconstruction.
2."as…ss"construction
as+adjective/adverb+as.
※Youcanuse“just”,“almost”,“nearly”,“quite”infrontof"as…as"construction,
3.themost
threeormorethanthreepeopleorthingsarecompared.
Thenegativeformofthesuperlativeconstructionis"theleast".
I.
II.1.olderthan;
2. moreinterested;
3. ascrowdedas;
4. aspaleas;
5. moreexcitingthan;
6. ascomplicatedas;
7. easierthan;
8. asexpensiveas;
9. moreselective;
10. nicer;
11. asunluckyas;
12. moredifficult.
III.
1. stronger;
2. morenoisy;
3. moreexpensive;
4. moredifficult;
5. happier;
6. younger;
7. moreoften;
8. further;
9. moreexciting;
10. louder.
IV.Usesuperlativesorcomparativesoftheadjectivesgiventocompletethesentences.
1.Ipreferthischairtotheotherone.It’s_more_comfortable_（comfortable）.
2.That’s__the_funniest__（funny）jokeIhaveeverheard.
3.NowI’verealizedthatgivingupmyjobis__the__worst__（bad）mistakeIhaveevermade.
4.moreserious;
5.themostpopular;
6.quieter;
7.themostbeautiful;
8.healthier;
9.theleasthonorable;
10.lesschallenging,leastchallenging.
V.
1.elder:
older;
2.eldest:
oldest;
3.olderandelderarebothright;
4.furtherandfa
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