职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05149.docx

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05149.docx

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职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05149

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-9

1、Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.【单选题】

A.asteady

B.aplentiful

C.anextra

D.astable

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

steady和stable是近义词，都可表示“稳定的”，所以可以相互排除掉。

再根据构词法plentiful=plenty+ful判断B的含义是“大量的”。

借助句意“在这个国家里有大量的廉价劳动力”判断B最合适。

extra:

额外的。

2、CitizenScientists

Understandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycleevent-flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespringallaroundtheworld.

Butecologistscan'tbeeverywheresothey'returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp.

Climatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,they'reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletooobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest-birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat'sneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsenditin.

AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork."Phenology"iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.

Oneofthegroup'sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.PeopleparticipatingintheprojectwhichisopentoeveryonerecordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite.

"Peopledon'thavetobeplantexperts,theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat'sintheirneighborhood,"saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject."Aswecollectthisdata,we'llbeabletomakeanestimateofhowplantsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges."

WhatisNOTtrueofProjectBudBurst?

【单选题】

A.Onlyexpertscanparticipateinit.

B.Everybodycanparticipateinit.

C.Itcollectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplants.

D.Ithasitsownwebsite.

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

文章全文都在说普通人参与科学研究的项目，因此只有选项A不符合。

其他选项都能在文中找出。

3、RocketsintheSky

Ifsomeoneaskedyou."Whatcoloristhesky?

"Iexpectthatyouwouldanswer,"Blue."Iamafraidthatyouwouldbewrong.Theskyhasnocolor.Whenweseeblue,wearelookingatbluesunlight.Thesunlightisshiningonlittlebitsofdustintheair.

Weknowthatthereisairallaroundtheworld.Wecouldnotbreathewithoutair.Airplanescouldnotflywithoutair.Theyneedairtolifttheirwings.Airplanescannotflyveryhighbecauseastheygohighertheairgetsthinner.Ifwegofarenoughawayfromtheearth,wefindthereisnoair.Whatisthesky?

Theskyisspace.Inthisspacethereisnothingexceptthesun,themoonandallthestars.

Scientistshavealwayswantedtoknowmoreabouttheotherworldsinthespace.Theyhavelookedatthemthroughtelescopesandinthiswaytheyhavefoundoutagreatdeal.

Themoonisabout384,000kilometersawayfromtheearth.Anairplanecannotflytothemoonbutthereisathingthatcanflyevenwhenthereisnoair.Thisisrocket.

Iamsurethatyouareasking."Howdoesarocketfly?

"Ifyouwanttoknow,getaballoonandthenblowitupuntilitisquitebig.Donottieuptheneckoftheballoon.Letgo!

Theballoonwillflyoffthroughtheairveryquickly.Theairinsidetheballoontriestogetout.Itrushesoutthroughneckoftheballoffandthispushestheballoonthroughtheair.Itdoesnotneedwingslikeanairplane.

Thisishowarocketworks.Itisnotmadeofrubberlikeaballoon,ofcourse.Itismadeofmetal.Themetalmustnotbeheavybutitmustbeverystrong.Thereisgasinsidetherocketwhichismadeveryhot.Whenitrushesoutoftheendoftherocket,therocketispushedupintotheair.

Rocketscanflyfaroutintospace.Rocketswithmeninsidethemhavealreadyreachedthemoon.Severalrockets,withoutmeninsidethem,havebeensenttootherworldsmuchfartheraway.Onedayrocketsmaybeabletogoanywhereinthespace.

Whatcoloristhesky?

【单选题】

A.Itisblue.

B.Itiswhite.

C.Itisgrey.

D.Ithasnocolor.

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

根据文章第1段第3句（Theskyhasnocolor）。

4、BreastfeedingCanCutCardiovascularRisk

Breastfeedingcanreducetheriskofaheartattackorstrokelaterinlifeandcouldpreventhundredsofthousandsofdeathseachyear,researcherssaidonFriday.

Babieswhoarebreastfedhavefewerchildhoodinfectionsandallergiesandarelesspronetoobesity.Britishscientistshavenowshownthatbreastfeedingandslowgrowthinthefirstweeksandmonthsoflifehasaprotectiveeffectagainstcardiovasculardisease.

"Dietsthatpromotemorerapidgrowthputbabiesatriskmanyyearslaterintermsofraisingtheirbloodpressure,raisingtheircholesterolandincreasingtheirtendencytodiabetesandobesity-thefourmainriskfactorsforstrokeandheartattack."saidProfessorAlanLucasoftheInstituteofChildHealthinLondon.

"Ourevidencesuggeststhatthereasonwhybreast-fedbabiesdobetterisbecausetheygrowmoreslowlyintheearlyweeks."

Lucassaidtheeffectsofbreastfeedingonbloodpressureandcholesterollaterinlifearegreaterthananythingadultscandotocontroltheriskfactorsforcardiovasculardisease,otherthantakingdrugs.

Anestimated17millionpeopledieofcardiovasculardisease,particularlyheartattackandstrokes,eachyear,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.

Lucasandhiscolleaguescomparedthehealthof216teenagers______asbabieshadeitherbeenbreastfedorgivendifferentnutritionalbabyformulas'TheyreportedtheirfindingsinTheLancetmedicaljournal.

Theteenagerswhohadbeenbreastfedhada14percentlowerratioofbadtogoodcholesterolandlowerconcentrationsofaproteinthatisamarkerforcardiovasculardiseaserisk.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatregardlessofthechild'sweightatbirth,thefastertheinfantsgrewintheearlyweeksandmonthsoflife,thegreaterwastheirlaterriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Theeffectwasthesameforbothboysandgirls.

"Themorehumanmilkyouhaveinthenewbornperiod,theloweryourcholesterollevelis,theloweryourbloodpressureis16yearslater,"Lucassaid.

【单选题】

A.who

B.such

C.when

D.taken

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

空白处需要引导定语从句并修饰人的连接代词who。

5、WalkingtoExercisetheBrain

Doyouthinksittingandstudyingallthetimewillimprovestudentsgrades?

Thinkagain.Gettingsomeexercisemayhelp,too.

Newresearchwitholderpeoplesuggeststhattakingregularwalkshelpsthempayattentionbetterthaniftheydidn'texercise.

Previousresearchhadshownthatmicelearn,rememberandpayattentionbetterafterafewweeksofworkingoutonarunningwheel.Micethatexercisehavegreaterbloodflowtothebrainthanthosewhodon't.Theirbraincellsalsomakemoreconnections.

Neuroscientists（神经科学家）fromtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbanaChampaignwantedtofindoutifthesamethingistrueforpeople.First,theymeasuredthephysicalfitnessof41adults,ages58to77,aftereachpersonwalkedImile.Then,participantslookedatarrowsonacomputerscreenandhadtousecomputerkeystoshowwhichwayoneparticulararrowwaspointing.

Adultswhowerephysicallyfitwerefasteratthearrowtask,andtheiranswerswerejustasaccurateastheirless-fitpeers,theresearchersfound.Thefitterparticipantsalsohadmorebloodflowtoapartoftheirbrainresponsibleforpayingattentionandmakingdecisions.

Inasecondstudy,15elderlypeoplewhocompleteda6-monthaerobic-training（有氧运动）coursewerefasteratattentiontaskscomparedwith14seniorswhojustdidstretchingandtoning（韵律操）exercisesforthesameamountoftime.

So,evengoingforawalkevery2or3daysforjust10to45minutescanhelp.Thatshouldbegoodnewsfortheelderly.

Theeffectsofexercisingonthebrainsofyoungerpeoplehaven'tbeenstudiedyet.Still,itcan'thurttotakeoccasionalbreaksandgoforawalkorrunaroundwithfriends.Whateveryoudo,though,don'ttrytoreadandwalkatthesametime.Youcouldenduphurtingyourself!

Walkingregularlyhelpselderlypeople______.【单选题】

A.loseweight

B.becomehappier

C.concentratebetter

D.lookyounger

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

本题难度不大，找到答案依据不难。

答案依据在文章第二段。

第二段谈到新的研究表明，相对于不锻炼，经常散步有助于帮助老年人更好集中精力，回来看选项，很明显，C是近义解释，是答案。

6、Jackpackedupallthethingshehadaccumulatedoverthelasttenyears.【单选题】

A.future

B.far

C.past

D.near

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

杰克把过去10年里攒的所有东西都收拾好打行李了。

本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不强，是送分题。

last和past都指“过去的”是同义词，最佳答案是C。

7、OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive

It'snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinction（灭绝）ofthesmallpox（天花）virus.Whensmallpoxwascompletelygotridofintheworld,scientistswantedtodestroythekillervirusinthelasttwolabs,oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Theyasked:

Ifsmallpoxhastrulygonefromtheplanet,whatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves?

Inreality,ofcourse,itwasnaivetoimaginethateveryonewouldletgoofsuchapowerfulpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhaveafewvials（小药瓶）.Andthelast"official"stocksofliveVirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia,_____noobviousgain.

NowAmericanresearchershavefoundananimalmodelofthehumandisease,openi