复旦研究生综合英语1-Unit8.ppt

复旦研究生综合英语1-Unit8.ppt

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U8,AdditionallnformationfortheTeachersReference,TextTheBusinessWorldasaHuntingGround,Warm-upActivities,FurtherReading,SpeakingSkills,AdditionalWork,Warm-upActivities,Warm-up,1.Howdoyouunderstandthetitleofthetext?

2.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthinginawomanslife?

3.Whatkindofwomandoyouthinkasuccessfulmanusuallymarries?

EstherVi1arwasbornofGermanparentsin1935inBuenosAiresandwaseducatedattheUniversityofBuenosAires.AftermovingtoMunich,shepracticedasaphysicianandnowworksasafree-lancewriter.ThisselectionfromTheManipulatedManhasasitsthesisthatmenfromearliestchildhoodaremanipulatedbywomen,firstbytheirmothers,thenbytheirwives.Vi1arclaimsthatonlywomencanbreakthisviciouscycleofexploitation.Buttheywillnotbreakit,fortheyhavenorationalreasonfordoingso.Thus,theworldwillcontinuetosinkintoabarbaric,andfeeblemindedmorassoffemininity.Offices,factories,anduniversitiesareviewedashuntinggroundsbypredatorywomenlookingformale“slaves”.,AIFTTR1,AdditionallnformationfortheTeachersReference,1.EstherVilar,AIFTTR2.1,2.TheSecondWorldWar,Itwasaconflictthatinvolvedvirtuallyeverypartoftheworldduringtheyear1939-1945.TheprincipalbelligerentsweretheAxispowersGermany,Italy,andJapanandtheAlliesFrance,GreatBritain,theUnitedStates,theSovietUnion,and,toalesserextent,China.Thewarwasinmanyrespectsacontinuation,afteranuneasy20-yearhiatus,ofthedisputesleftunsettledbyWorldWarI.GermanbitternessovertheirdefeatinWorldWarIandtheharshtermsoftheTreatyofVersailles,togetherwiththesocialunrestandpoliticalinstabilitythatbesettheWeimarRepublic,resultedinthecomingtopowerofAdolfHitler,leaderofthe,AIFTTR2.2,intenselynationalisticandanti-SemiticNationalSocialist（Nazi）Party.Givendictatorialpowersin1933,HitlerbeganthesecretrearmamentofGermanyalmostimmediately.PlayingonthereluctanceofotherEuropeanpowerstoactivelyopposehim,heorderedthemilitaryoccupationoftheRhineland,incontraventionoftheTreatyofVersailles,inMarch1936.LaterthatyearBenitoMussolini,thefascistdictatorofItaly,whohadalreadyembarkedonaggressioninEthiopia,declaredaRome-BerlinAxis;thenextyearItalyjoinedthe1936Anti-CominternPactbetweenGermanyandJapan.GermanyandItalybothintervened,inthenameofanticommunism,intheSpanishCivilWarfrom1936.InMarch1938HitlersentGermantroopstooccupyAustria,whichwaspromptlyincorporatedintoGermany.,AIFTTR2.3,ByacombinationofexternalandinternalpressureshesucceededinannexingorneutralizingallofwhathadbeenCzechoslovakiabyMarch1939.InApril1939ItalyannexedAlbania.OnSeptember,securebehindthenewGerman-SovietNonaggressionPactthathadstunnedtheworldinAugust,HitlerbegananinvasionofPoland.GreatBritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermanytwodayslater.Bytheendof1939GermanyandtheSovietUnionhaddividedPolandbetweenthemselves,andtheSovietshadoccupiedEstonia,Latvia,andLithuaniaandhadattackedFinland,whichtheyfinallydefeatedinMarch1940.ForsomemonthsGermanysmainactivitieswereatsea,includinganeffectivesubmarinecampaignagainstmerchant,AIFTTR2.4,shippingboundforBritain.InApril1940GermanyoccupiedseveralNorwegianportsandallofDenmark.OnMay10themajorGermanoffensiveinthewestbeganwithalightningweepthroughtheNetherlandsandBelgiumintoFrance;byJune22three-fifthsofFrance,includingParis,wasoccupied,andtheresthadbecomeaneutralstatewithitsgovernmentatVichy.DuringAugust-SeptembertheGermanLuftwaffe（AirForce）launchedmassivebombingraidsonGreatBritaininanattempttosoftenitupforacross-Channelinvasion.TheBattleofBritainwaswonbytheRoyalAirForce,however,andHitlerpostponedtheinvasionindefinitely.FollowingItalysabortiveinvasionofGreeceinNovember1940,HitlerdrewHungary,Romania,andSlovakiaintotheAxis;,AIFTTR2.5,BulgariajoinedinMarch1941.InAprilGermanyattackedYugoslaviaandGreece,bothofwhichwereoverrunbytheendofthemonth.InJuneHitlerabandonedtheNonaggressionPactof1939andlaunchedamassivesurpriseinvasionoftheSovietUnion.GermanarmouredunitsdrovedeepintoSovietterritoryandatonepointreachedtheoutskirtsofMoscowbeforeSovietcounterattacksandwinterweatherslowedtheoffensivetoahalt.Japan,theotherAxismember,hadmeanwhilebeentiringofitslong,unproductivewarinChinaanddecidedtotakeadvantageofthesituationinEuropetoseizeEuropeancolonialholdingsintheFarEast.TocripplewhatitforesawwouldbeitsmainopponentinaPacificwarofaggrandizement,JapanattackedUnitedStatesinstallationsatPearlHarbor,Hawaii,and,AIFTTR2.6,thePhilippinesonDec.7-8,1941.WithindaystheUnitedStateswasatwarwithalltheAxispowers.JapanswiftlyinvadedandoccupiedthePhilippines,mostofSoutheastAsiaandBurma（Myanmar）,theNetherlandsEastIndies（nowIndonesia）,andmanyPacificOceanislands.Despitetheenormousinitialadvantagegainedbyitssuddenoffensives,JapanlostthecrucialseabattleofMidwayinJune1942.TheAmericanstrategyinthePacificwastousenavalandamphibiousforcestoadvanceupthechainsofislandstowardJapanwhilesmallerlandforcescooperatedwithChineseandBritisheffortsontheAsianmainland.,AIFTTR2.7,InNorthAfricatheBritish,whoin1940-1941haddefeatedmuchlargerItalianforces,werelockedinaseesawbattlewiththeGermNovember1942thefirstAlliedoffensivebeganwithU.S.andBritishlandingsinNorthAfrica.GermanforcesweregraduallysqueezedintoTunisiaandwerefinallyeliminatedinMay1943.InJulyAlliedtroopsfromNorthAfricalandedinSicilyandthenceinvadedItalyinSeptember.Thefascistgovernmentwasoverthrown,andinOctober,ItalyjoinedtheAllies;fightingagainstGermantroopscontinuedinItalyfortherestofthewar.AfterabitterlyopposedandfinallyunsuccessfulattackonStalingrad（August1942February1943）,GermanforcesintheSovietUnionlostmomentum,and,astheRedArmycontinuedto,AIFTTR2.8,drawonitshugemanpowerreserves,itbeganduring1943topushtheGermansbackfromthewesternportionoftheSovietUnion.GermanywasmeanwhilepreparingforanexpectedAlliedinvasionofwesternEurope.TheinvasioncameonJune6,1944D-DayonthebeachesofNormandyinnorthernFrance,where156,000British,Canadian,andU.S.troopsunderthecommandoftheU.S.generalDwightD.Eisenhowerwerelanded.WithcommandoftheairtheAlliesquicklyconsolidatedtheirfootholdandbegantheadvanceeastwardthatendedintheoccupationoftheGermanhomelandinMarchApril1945.Meanwhile,theSovietforcesin1944hadpushedtheGermanscompletelyoutoftheSovietUnionandhadadvancedintoPoland,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,andRomania.Inearly1945theyoccupiedtheeastern,AIFTTR2.9,one-thirdofGermany.AttheclimaxoftheGermancollapse,withBerlinencircledbySoviettroops,HitlercommittedsuicideonApril30;onMay8thesurrenderofallGermanforceswassigned.InthePacificthe“island-hopping”strategyoftheU.S.generalDouglasMacArthurledtotheAlliedinvasionofthePhilippinesbyOctober1944.ThenavalbattleinLeyteGulfthatfollowedallbuteliminatedtheJapanesenavy.Thecapture,afterbitterfighting,oftheislandsofIwoJimaandOkinawainMarchandJuneof1945openedthewayforboththeheavystrategicbombingofJapanitselfandapossibleinvasion.ThewarinthePacificcametoasuddenanddramaticcloseaftertheatomicbombingofHiroshimaandNagasakionAugust6and9,1949;JapansformalsurrenderwassignedonSeptember2.,Text,TheBusinessWorldasaHuntingGround,Notes,IntroductiontotheAuthorandtheArticle,PhrasesandExpressions,Exercises,MainideaoftheText,MIOTT1,MainideaoftheText,Inthetext,EstherVilardescribeshowmen,beforeandaftertheirmarriage,aremanipulatedbywomen,firstbytheirfemalecolleagues,thenbytheirwives.Sheclaimsthatwomenhaveacommonproclivitytotheexploitationofmen.Theyregardthebusinessworldasahuntinggroundwheretheycancaptureprospectivebreadwinnersastheirfuturehusbandssothattheycanbeprovidedforwithoutexertingthemselves.Thisevilintentioniswelldisplayedinofficesandfactorieswherewomenmerelyservetofalsifystatisticswithnosenseofcommitment,andincollegesanduniversitieswheretheyjustmarktimewithoutrealpursuitofknowledge.Vilarclaimsthatonlywomencanbreakthisviciouscycleofexploitation.,MIOTT2,Buttheywillnotbreakit,fortheyhavenorationalreasonfordoingso.Thus,theworldwillcontinuetosinkintoabarbaricandfeeblemindedmorassoffemininity.Offices,factories,anduniversitieswillcontinuetobeviewedashuntinggroundsbypredatorywomenlookingformale“slaves”.,EstherVilar（1935-）wasbornofGermanparentsin1935inBuenosAiresandwaseducatedattheUniversityofBuenosAires.AftermovingtoMunich,shepracticedasaphysicianandnowworksasafreelancewriter.ThisselectionischosenfromTheManipulatedManwhichhasasitsthesisthatmenfromearliestchildhoodaremanipulatedbywomen,firstbytheirmothers,thenbytheirwives.Vilarclaimsthatonlywomencanbreakthisviciouscycleofexploitation.Buttheywillnotbreakit,fortheyhavenorationalreasonfordoingso.Thus,theworldwillcontinuetosinkintoabarbaric,andfeeblemindedmorassoffemininity.Offices,factories,anduniversitiesareviewedashuntinggroundsbypredatorywomenlookingformale“slaves”.,IntroductiontotheAuthorandthearticle,IntroductiontotheAuthorandtheArticle,Part2_T1,Therearemanywomenwhotaketheirplaceintheworkingworldoftoday.Secretariesandshopassistants,factoryworkersandstewardessesnot