美国崛起.docx

美国崛起.docx

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美国崛起

OntheriseoftheUnitedStates

学号：

2010211927姓名:

马骁

班级：

2班分数:

OntheriseoftheUnitedStates

Abstracts

框架

本论文旨在从各个方面分析美国—这个当今世界头号强国—的崛起过程，以及帮助在200多年里迅猛发展的各种因素。

美国从一个新生的国家迅速发展成为当今的超级大国是有着多方面的因素的。

这篇论文主要通过美国的得天独厚的地理位置、先进成熟的政治制度、飞速发展的经济以及美国在国际舞台上灵活的政策讲述美国是怎样从一个新生国家迅速发展成为世界超级强国以及美国强大的生命力的。

我的论文分为国土、人民和种族、经济、政治和政府、对外政策。

ThispaperisfocusonthedevelopmentoftheUnitedStates,thenowthesupperpowerintheworld,fromanewlyfoundednationtothepeakofallnationswithinjustmorethan200years.TherearemanyfactorsthatcontributedtothedevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thetextisdevelopedfromthefollowingaspects:

theadvantageousgeographicalposition,advancedandmaturepoliticalsystem,rapidlydevelopedfederaleconomyanditstimelychangedpolicytowardothercountries,whichhelptheUnitedStatestodevelopinsuchhighspeedanditspotentialtoprosperagain.Mytextisdividedintofiveparts:

land,peopleandethnicgroup,economy,politicsandgovernmentandforeignpolicy.

OntheriseoftheUnitedStates

SincethepioneerofthenationfoundedtheUnitedStatesin1787,ithasbeenonly224yearsthattheUSraiseditselftoasupperpowerintheworld.HowdidthegenerationsofAmericansmakeit?

Andwhatachievementsdidthemakeduringthejustalittlemorethan200years?

TheboomingoftheUSisbasedonseveralfactorsanditachievementsarereflectedonallsidesofthenowhighlyprosperedcivilization.NowIamgoingtotalkaboutthelandwhereamazinghappensfromitslocation,economy,politicalanddiplomatism.

Land

Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatanation’seconomicdevelopmentdepends,acertainextent,whatkindofgeographyithasandwhatitdoeswithitsgeography.（AnOutlineIntroductiontoBritainandAmerica）

TheUnitedStateswasbornwithallthegiftstomakeitarichnation.Vastland,differenttypeofclimateandrichnaturalresourceallcontributetoitsdevelopment.

Thecountryhasvastnatureresourcesinalmosteverything,includingtimber,oil,naturegas,coal,ironore,bauxite,anduranium,gold,copper,andsilver.Italmostcontrolsalmost12,500miles（20,000km）ofcoastlinefromwhichtoimportandexportproductsandtosendoutfishingfleets.

ContemporaryAmerica（secondedition）

TheUnitedStatesconsistsof50stateswithatotalareaofabout9.83millionsquarekilometersandisthefourthlargestcountryintheworld.TheUnitedStatesconsistsof48statesonthecontinentalpartandtheAlaskaandHawaiiinPacificOcean.

WhentheSpainsailorColumbusdiscoveredtheland,heregardeditasalandofpromiseandbrightfuture.Andduringthecomingdecadestheemigrantsfromtheoldcontinentsfloodedintotheoriginalandrichcontinent.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisrichinalltherecourseswhichconstitutethedevelopmentoftheUS.Withtheabundantforest,waterresource,mineralsandidealclimate,thebusinessinAmericawasrapidlydevelopedandmoreandmoreabandonedlandwasploughedandthesocietywasthenreformedbytheemigrantsfromothercontinentsandanewnation-Americannationwasthencameintobeing.Livingontheseparatedcontinent,theUnitedStatesgraduallyformedtheiruniquecivilization,whichcontributedalottothefoundingoftheUSA.Today,thecrisscrossriverandthewideplainmakethetransportationmuchmoreconvenient,thusconstitutetotheprosperityofitsindustryandagriculture.ThelongcoastlineprovidestheUSAwithabundantharbors.

Peopleandethnicgroups

TheUnitedStates,createdbyimmigrants,isanationofover100ethnicgroups.（AnOutlineIntroductiontoBritainandAmerica）

TheUnitedStatesnowhasapopulationofabout308.7millionsandisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.TheNativeAmericanisnowcalledtheIndianandnativesinAlaska,whichjustmakeupsome1.5percentofthewholepopulations.Themajorityareimmigrantsfromothercontinents.Forexample,thewhites,about76.7﹪,theblackfromAfrica（about12.3﹪）,andtheAsianAmericansmakeupabout3.6﹪ofthewholepopulation;AlsotherearesomefromLatinAmericaandsomeislandsinpacific.VariousethnicgroupsofpeoplemaketheUnitedStatesameltingpotandanationofdiversity,whichenrichesthecultureandtradition.

TheimmigratingintotheUnitedStatesdatesbacktothegreatgeographicaldiscoveries.SincethenalargenumberofEuropeansbegantoseektheirfortuneonthelandofpromise,andthentheAfricanandAsian.Theseimmigrantsmadeupabout98.5﹪oftheUStotalpopulation.TheEuropeancamewiththegreatgeographicaldiscoveriestofreefromwitch-huntingandseektheirfortune.WhiletheAfricansweremostlycamebytheslavetradeintheDarkAge.Nomatterhowtheycamehere,theysoonformedtheirownershiponthenewcontinent.

NowtheUnitedStatesareissuingpolicytoencourageimmigratefromallovertheworld,especiallyskilledmigrations,whichgreatlycontributestothedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.Someoftheimmigrantsentersthegovernmentcirclesandinfluencethepolicymakingandtheyareplayingamoreimportantroleinthenation.MassiveimmigrantsmaketheUnitedStatesadiversesociety.But,however,moreandmorepeoplecometotheUSAalsoputmorepressureuponthepublicadministration.Itmakesitharderandharderforthegovernmenttogovernthecomplexcommittee.

Thepositiveattitudetowardsimmigratingalsoleadstosomeracialproblems,suchastheChinatownandHariem,especiallythediscriminationagainsttheblackpeople.TheUnitedStatesdeclareditsindependenceinthe1776’sAmericanRevolutionandjointtheEmancipationProclamationintoConstitutionin1861,andclaimedtherightoffreedomforalltheresidents,Threeconstitutionalamendments（13th,14th,15th）---duringtheperiodcalledReconstruction---freedtheslaves,providedcitizenship,andgavethevotetoblackmen（ContemporaryAmerican）.ButpeoplewerenotreallyfreeandequallytreatedespeciallytheblackandthenativeIndianandthesefromAsia.

Economy

AsweallknowthattheUnitedStatesisnowthelargesteconomicentityintheworldanditisthemostadvancedindustrialcountryandthemostimportantfinancialcentreandtheUSdollariscirculatingallovertheworld.Wherethedollargoes,thecultureandthepoweroftheUSgo.TheUnitedStatesisusingitseconomytoinstillitscultureandpowerthroughouttheworld.

AftertheimmigrantsfromEuropefloodedintoAmerica,theycontributedgreatlytotheexploitationanddevelopmentoftheeconomyofAmerican.DuringaperiodbeforeitsindependenceitwasoncethecolonyofFrenchandEngland（1607-1780）.Theybroughttheadvancedtechnologyandcivilizationtogethertotheoriginalcontinent.Onthefavorableland,theymadeamillion.ThoughthehelpedtobuiltthesocialsystemofAmerica,theywerenotgoingtotreatitastheirhometown.TheypillagedeverythingbacktotheirowncountriesandmadetheconditionofAmericaworseandworse.TherapiddevelopmentofAmericaclaimedforitspoliticalindependenceandemancipation.TheeconomyofAmericareacheditsgoldenageofdevelopmentaftertheendofwarofindependenceinabout1780andbecametheUnitedStateslater.Theindependenceofthenationgreatlyarousedtheirenthusiasmtodeveloptheireconomy.

TheearlyAmericanstookadvantageoftheindustrialrevolutionandthesecondrevolutionofscienceandtechnologyandintroducedthesefruitsoftherevolutionsintotheirownfederalconstruction.Duringthecomingdecades,Americanswerewildaboutnewtechnologyandinnovation.AndnowtheUnitedStatesstandshighonthepeakofhightechniquefield.

ThedemocraticpoliticsandforeignpolicyofAmericaalsoconstitutethefederaleconomygrowth,justasmostcapitalistcountries.Aftergettingitsindependence,theUnitedStatesbuiltupthedemocraticpoliticalsystem.Thiskindofpoliticalsystemhelpedalotinthedevelopmentofitseconomy.Governmentdoeswhattheycantopromotethefederaleconomy,givingthesecapitalistsenoughlibertytodealwiththeirownbusiness.But,howeverthiskindofpolicyhasawfulshortcoming,suchasthefinancialcrisis.Americanisgoodatmaketheironfortuneinternalmarketthroughtheirforeignpolicy.Forexamplethe“OpenDoor”policyimposedinChinaaftertheFirstWorldWarandtodayitstradeprotectionismtoavoidfiercecompetitionfromabroadandprotectitsownindustries.TheUnitedStateswasnearlytheonlycountrythatbenefitedfromthetwoworldwars.Today,theUnitedStatesisusingitsdollarandwarshiptoextentitsoverseamarketandstriveforenergy,suchasitswarinIraq,IranandAfghanistan.

TheUSeconomybenefitsfromthecountry’sfavorablegeographicallocation,whichprovidesanabundanceofagriculturalproductstotheinternalmarket,aswellasmakestheUnitedStatestheworld’slargestexportoffoodandfoodstuffs.Additionally,thenation’sgeologicalreserves,timberlands,riversystems,oceanharbors,andtheworld’ssixth-largestfishingfleetstrengthenitseconomypower.（ContemporaryAmerica）

TheadvantageousconditionoftheUnitedStatesleadstothehighdevelopmentofitsagricultureandalsoprovidestheindustrywithsufficientfuelsandstocks.Althoughagriculturejustmakesupaboutonepercentofthewholedomesticeconomy,agricultureproducingintheUnitedStatesishighlydeveloped,fortheflatlandenablethefarmertouselargeagriculturemachineryforfarmingandmakesthetransportationmuchmoreconvenientandgridlockedrailwaysreacheverytownandwaterwaysiseverywhere.TodaytheUnitedStatesisthelargestagriculturalexporterintheworldanditexportsabout150millioncrops,anditstotali