中考重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析.docx
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中考重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析
2017中考冲刺(重点单词短语+用法归类+易混淆词辨析)
1.冠词,aan重点记忆
anapple\orange\English
book\ice-cream\interesting\engineer\eye\umbrella\hour\honest\honor\elephant\
apartment\international\unusual
auseful\university\usual\uniform\European
2..cost/take/spend/pay花费
花费时间做某事:
Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime(in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.
某人花钱买某物
:
sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.
※spend和pay主语都是人,cost主语是物。
※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?
⑴Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I
_____90yuanonthesweater.
⑵Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.
It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes
________homeeveryday.
3.
thanksfor
为⋯而感谢
⑴
______inviting
metoyourbirthday
party.
thanksto多亏/由于⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades
4.因为、由于:
because(连词
)+从句:
(
表示原因
)
because
of
(介词短语)
+名
词(短语
)
=
thanks
to
⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.
⑵Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.
⑶Hecan’tcome_____heisill.
⑷Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.because和so不能同时连用.
5.Howoften对频率提问(多久一次)→回答用表示频率的副词或短
语
Howlong对一段时间提问(多久)→回答用表示一段时间的状语Howsoon对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用in+时间段
Howfar
询问多长距离(多长)
⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?
-Fortenyears.
⑵-______doyougoshopping?
-Sometimes.
⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?
-Intwoyears.
⑷-_____doyouexercise?
-Onceaweek.
⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?
-
Abouttenmiles.
⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?
-Twoweeks.
6.乘交通工具:
takea/the+交通工具
在句中作谓语
by+交通工具
=ona
交通工具
在句中作方式状语
交通工具有:
train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane
⋯
⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.
⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.
※骑自行车、马或驴用
ride
:
rideone
’sbike/
rideahorse
/
rideadonkey
inone
’scar
7.到达⋯
reach+
地点
getto+
地点
reach=getto
arrive+in+大地点
arrive+at+小地点
⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______
inLondonyesterday.
⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______(get)homeontime.
※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。
如:
gethomegetthere
省略to
8..win(赢得)接agame、war、amatch、aprize
beat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?
⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen
’sSingles.
9..借
borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→
borrow
借入
lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→
lend
借出
keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。
⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?
=Canyou______yourbike______me?
⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother
________.
⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?
-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.
9.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.
toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.
muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtoo
expensive.
⑴
Eating_____
______isbadforyourhealth.
⑵
It
’s___________coldtoday.You
’dbetternotgoout.
⑶Thereare
______
______studentsinthehallways.It
’sdangerous.
11.属于:
belongto+名词
/人称代词宾格(属于)
be+名词所有格
/名词性物主代词(是)
⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=ItmustNing.
⑵Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto______(my).
⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.
12.thenumberof+
名词复数(⋯的数量)作主语,
谓语用单数。
anumberof+
名词复数(许多、一些)
=many
⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.
⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.
13..for+一段时间
since+时间点/过去时的句子
⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.
⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold..
⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.
※for和since可以相互转换。
如:
Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveral
years.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.
14.否定祈使句Don’t+v.
No+v.ing/n.
⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=
____________.
15.sometimes不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.sometimes几次(此时time是可数名词,意为“次数”)→Hehasbeen
toShanghaisometimes.
sometime某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→Isawhimsometimelastyear.
sometime一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→Hewillstayhereforsome
time.
⑴Wearegoingtohaveaparty________nextweek.⑵_______theboyislate
forschool.
⑶Hespent_________incuttinghair.Sohemissedtheearlybus.
⑷LiJunhasbeentoBird’sNest.
16.穿戴:
“wear+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Ourteacheroftenwearsapairofglasses.
puton+衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kateputsonherhatandgoesout.
bein+颜色/服饰(强调状态)→Thegirlinredismysister.
dress+人/反身代词(给某人穿)→Shedressesherdaughterevery
morning.
⑴You’dbetter______yourcoat.
⑵Shewas_______aflowerinher
hair.
⑶Theboy______whiteismyfriend.
⑷Heistooyoungto______
himself.
⑸MissLioften_____thewhitesportsshoes.
※dress当表示状态时常用bedressedin+衣物(穿着⋯颜色的衣服)→Heisdressedinablackcoat他.常穿着黑色的外套。
17.speak指说话的能力,也可表示“演讲、发言”。
其后可以接语言类词汇。
say强调说的内容。
saysth.tosb.→Pleasesayhellotohim.
talk指相互之间的谈话。
talkto/withsb表示与某人交谈,talkaboutsb/sth表
示“谈论某人/某事”。
→Sheistalkingwithherboss.
tell侧重指“告诉”,后接双宾语或复合宾语:
tellsb.sth.
tellsb(not).todosth.
her.
→Pleasetellmethetime.
→Shetoldmetowait
※tell可以和lie,story搭配。
如:
tellalie/tellastory/tellajoke/tellatruth.
⑴Fromhisfacewecouldseethathewas_____alie.
⑵Sheis______atthe
meeting.
⑶Fangfang_____sheisathome.
⑷Theyare______about
theweather.
⑸Hecan’t_____itinFrench,buthecan_____English.
18.one⋯theother一个⋯另一个
some⋯others一些⋯另一些(另一些并不包括全部)
some⋯theothers一些⋯其他的(其他的包括剩下的全部)
⑴Ihavetwobrothers,_____isateacher,_______isadoctor.
⑵_____studentsareintheclassroom,________areout.
⑶Attheparty,______aredancing,______aresinging
19.onone’s序+数词+birthday(在某人几岁生日时)
inone’s整+十的基数词的复数(在某人几十多岁时)
⑴Edisoninventedmanythingsinhis_______(twenty).
⑵Onmy______(twenty)birthday.Igotanewmobilephone.
20.辨析不定代词:
either;neither;each;both等
either两者其一;
neither两者都不+名词(单数)+动词(单数)
each每个
both两者都+名词(复数)+动词(复数)
ofprep.介词+代词(宾格)固定结构
eitherof
(两者其一
)
neitherof
(两者都不
)
+代词(宾格)+V.(单数)
bothof(两者都),
allof(三者或三者以上都是
)
代词(宾格)+V.(复数)
noneof(三者或三者以上都不是
)
Eg.
Neitherofus_______English.
(speak)
Eitherofus_______English.
(speak)
Boththeboys_______clever.
(be)
21.表示“越来越⋯⋯”。
的句型
1)单音节词用“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越⋯⋯”。
如:
Theweatheris
gettingwarmerandwarmer.(天越来越温暖了)
2)多音节词用“moreandmore+原级形式”
3)“the+比较级⋯,the+比较级⋯”表示“越⋯就越⋯”。
如:
Themoretreesweplant,thebetteritwillbe(.我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)/
Theharderyoutry,thegreateryourprogressis.(你越是努力,进步就越大)
有关doing的短语归类(39)
1.enjoydoingsth=likedoingsth喜欢做某事
2.thanksfordoingsth感谢做某事
3.finishdoingsth=endupdoingsth完成做某事
4.practicedoingsth练习做某事
5.Couldyoumind(not)doingsth你介意(不)做某事吗?
6.how(what)aboutdoingsth?
做某事怎麽样?
7.insteadofdoingsth代替做某事
8.beacauseofdoingsth由于做某事
9.begoodatdoingsth=dowellindoingsth擅长做某事
10.stayupdoingsth熬夜做某事
11.bebusydoingsth忙于做某事
12.makealiving(by)doingsth靠做某事谋生
13.havefundoingsth做某事很高兴
14.haveahardtimedoingsth=havetrouble(in)doingsth=haveproblemdoingsth
做某事有困难
15.sb
spendsometime
(in)doingsth
某人花费时间做某事
16.can’tstand
doing
sth
无法忍受做某事
17.be
always
doing
sth
=keepdoing
sth一直(总是)做某事
18.keepondoingsth坚持做某事
19.beinterestedindoingsth对做某事感兴趣
20.bydoingsth通过做某事的方法
21.be
afraid
of
doing
sth
=be
terrified
of
doing
sth
害怕做某事
22.succeed
in
doing
sth
做某事很成功
23.give
up
doing
sth
=stop
doing
sth
放弃做某事
24.can’tstop
doing
sth
情不自禁做某事
25.forget(remember)
doing
sth
忘记(记得)做过某事
26.considerdoingsth考虑做某事
27.putoffdoingsth推迟做某事
28.dreamofdoingsth梦想做某事
29.be
againstdoingsth
反对做某事
30.keepsb.doing
sth
使某人持续做某事
31.find
sb.doing
sth
发现某人正在做某事
32.see(watch)sb.doing
sth
看见某人正在做某事
33.hear
sb.doing
sth
听见某人正在做某事
34.stop
sb.from
doing
sth
阻止某人做某事
35.be
used
for
doing
sth
=be
usedtodosth被用来做某事
36.be
used
todoing
sth
习惯于做某事
37.pay
attention
todoing
sth
专心做某事
38.look
forward
to
doing
sth
期望做某事
39.prefer
doing
sth.to
doing
sth
喜欢做某事,而不喜欢做某事
※
to
是介词,不是不定式。