尚择优选20XX考研英语二完整版真题及答案解析.docx

尚择优选20XX考研英语二完整版真题及答案解析.docx

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尚择优选20XX考研英语二完整版真题及答案解析

20XX考研公共课英语二完整版真题及答案解析下载

　　Section1UseofEnglish

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence__1__firm’swork,too.

　　Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D（researchanddevelopment）.That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

　　Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

　　__7__enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__8__.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?

Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__10__thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

　　Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__13__to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas__15__strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

　　__17__thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.

　　1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when

　　2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion

　　3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary

　　4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism

　　5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change

　　6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed

　　7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often

　　8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered

　　9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize

　　10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods

　　11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable

　　12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke

　　13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare

　　14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced

　　15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never

　　16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally

　　17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since

　　18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes

19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share

20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendout

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.

　　However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

　　Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

　　TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

　　ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemand

　　organizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

　　Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.

　　21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto____.

　　A.completefuturejobtraining

　　B.remodelthewayofthinking

　　C.formulatelogicalhypotheses

　　D.perfectartworkproduction

　　22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir____.

　　A.experience

　　B.academicbackgrounds

　　C.careerprospects

　　D.interest

　　23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.

　　A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

　　B.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

　　C.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

　　D.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

　　24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto____.

　　A.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

　　B.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

　　C.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

　　D.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

　　25.Theword“coax”（Line4,Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto____.

　　A.challenge

　　B.persuade

　　C.frighten

D.misguide

　Text2

　　Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.

　　ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’shabitat.

　　Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA）,acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid.

　　Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,doesn’tgofarenough“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.

　　26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____

　　[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

　　[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

　　[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists

　　[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners

　　27.The“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_____

　　[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure

　　[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction

　　[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower

　　[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

　　28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____

　　[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation

　　[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat

　　[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob

　　[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations

　　29.AccordingtoAshe，theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin______

　　[A]thefederalgovernment

　　[B]thewildlifeagencies

　　[C]thelandowners

　　[D]thestates

　　30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_______

　　[A]industrygroups

　　[B]thewin-winrhetoric

　　[C]environmentalgroups

[D]theplanunderchallenge

Text3

　　Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：

There’sneveranytimetoread.

　　Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:

“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption”.Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,