高考英语 说明文类阅读理解模拟训练.docx

高考英语 说明文类阅读理解模拟训练.docx

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高考英语说明文类阅读理解模拟训练

说明文阅读理解模拟训练

A

Whydomosquitoesbuzz（嗡嗡叫）inyourears?

Theycan’thelpit.Mosquitoes’wingsmakethatannoyingbuzzwhenevertheyfly.

Bothmaleandfemalemosquitoesbuzz,butyouprobablywon’tnoticethenoiseofthemales,becausetheydon’tdesireyourblood.Theystayawayfromyourears,eatingnectar（花蜜）,whilethefemalescometoannoyyou.

Scientistshavediscoveredthatbuzzingistohelpmosquitoesfindsuitablemates.

Sincefemalemosquitoesarelarger,theymovetheirwingsmoreslowly.Malescanrecognizethedistinctivepitch（音高）ofthefemales’buzz.LouisM.Roth,whostudiedyellowfevermosquitoesfortheUSArmyduringWorldWarII,noticedthatmalesignoredfemaleswheneverthefemaleswerequietlyresting,butwhenthefemaleswereflying,andthereforebuzzing,themaleswantedtomate（交配）withthem.Themalesevenreactedtorecordingsoffemalemosquitoes.

Scientistsdiscoveredwhatmadethesound.It’snotactuallycausedbythewingsflapping.There’sanorganatthebaseofthewingsthatmakesthesoundwhenthewingsmove.

Itwasn’tuntilmorerecentlythatresearchersGabriellaGibsonandIanRusselldiscoveredthatmosquitoesactuallychangetheirbuzzto“sing”toeachotherbeforetheymate.Whenmalesandfemalesflynearby,theychangethepitchoftheirbuzztomatcheachother,andiftheymatchwellenough,theymate.

Asscientistslearnmoreaboutwhymosquitoesbuzz,theycanpossiblykeepthemfrommating.Fewermosquitoesmeanfewermosquitobites,andfewerdiseasesbeingspread.ResearcherLaurenCatorsuggeststhatifscientistscanmakesterile（不生育的）malemosquitoeswho“sing”tofemalesjustaswellasfertilemales,thefemaleswillchoosethesterilemales,andwon’tproducefertileeggs.

Therearealsosomemythsaboutthemosquitoesyouhearbuzzinginyourears.

Somepeoplesaythatmosquitoesthatbuzz,don’tbite.Indeed,aslongasthey’rebuzzing,they’reflying,sotheywon’tbiteyou.Butoncetheyland,lookout.

1.Accordingtothetext,peopleseldomrecognizemalemosquitoeswhentheybuzzbecause______.

A.theirbuzzistoolowtobenoticed

B.theydon’tbuzzwhentheybite

C.theyavoidhumansandfeedonnectar

D.theyprefertostayinthedark

2.WhatdidLouisM.Rothdiscoverfromhisresearch?

A.Malemosquitoesmovetheirwingsslower.

B.Quietfemalemosquitoesaremoreattractivetomales.

C.Amosquito’swingbeatisresponsibleforitsbuzz.

D.Malemosquitoesareattractedbyafemale’sbuzz.

3.Beforemosquitoesmate,they______.

A.buzzinhighpitchtoeachotherB.changeandmatchtheirbuzz

C.dancewitheachotherinmidairD.flyinoppositedirections

4.LaurenCatorhopestheresearchonthebuzzofmosquitoescanhelppeople______.

A.curesomedeadlydiseases

B.controlthemosquitopopulation

C.telldifferentmosquitospeciesapart

D.changethewaymosquitoescommunicate

B

ThepeopleofChicago,Illinois,US,canthankthreecanalseverytimetheydrinkaglassofcleanwatertoday.ThebuildingoftheIllinois-MichiganCanal,theChicagoSanitaryandShipCanalandtheCal-SagCanalallhelpedtheChicagoRiverstartflowinginadifferentdirectionin1892.

Sincetheirconstructionoveracenturyago,thesewaterwayshaveconnectedLakeMichiganandtheMississippirivernetworkandensuredaregularflowoffreshwatertoChicago.

However,someunusualandunfortunatesideeffectshavealsobeencreatedbecauseoftheirconstruction.Asiancarp（鲤鱼）,alsoknownassilverorflyingcarp,arethreatenedintheirnativehabitatintheChineseHeilongjiang,Yangtze,andPearlRiverbasins.ButtheyhavebecomeincreasinglysuccessfulatfillingtheMississippirivernetworksincefirstbeingintroducedintoArkansascatfishfarmsinthe1970stocontrolalgae（水藻）.Byswimmingintothecanalsandspreadingfurtheracrossthecountry,therearenowmajorfearsthatthisintroducedspeciesmaybeabletoaccessLakeMichiganandthewiderGreatLakes-whichstoreanincredible21percentoftheentireworld’sfreshwater.

“TheactualimpactofAsiancarpontheGreatLakeshasyettobeexplainedclearly,andwethinkthisuncertaintyispartofthereasonwhytheyaresuchanobviousissue,”saysDrCorySuski,AssociateProfessorintheDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalSciencesattheUniversityofIllinois.HepointsoutthatadultAsiancarparetoolargetobehuntedbyanythinglocally,thattheyhavea“prolific（多产的）”reproductionrate,andtheycanstealfoodfromtheothernativespeciesintherivers.“CouldtheysurviveintheGreatLakesoristherenotenoughfoodforthem?

”heasks.

Stoppingthefishfromspreadinghasthereforebecomeakeyconcernforlocallawmakers,whohaveundertakeneffortssuchasbuildingelectricfences（护栏）intheChicagoSanitaryandShipCanal.However,anybigeffortstostopthecarp–suchasallowingtheChicagoRivertoonceagainflowinitsoriginaldirection–wouldinturnthreatenthesecurityofthecity’swatersupply,replacingonebigproblemwithanother.

5.Accordingtothetext,theconstructionofthethreecanals______.

A.changedthedirectionoftheMississippiriver

B.broughtfreshwatertothepeopleofChicago

C.lastedforalmostacenturybecauseofhugecost

D.hasbeenthelargestconstructionprojectinUShistory

6.Accordingtothetext,Asiancarps______.

A.havenearlybecomeextinctinChineserivers

B.haveoccupiedlargeareasintheGreatLakes

C.wereintroducedtotheUStofightagainstalgaepollution

D.arelikelytopollutethefreshwaterintheGreatLakes

7.WhatisthemajorconcernofAsiancarpintheUS?

A.Itslargesizeandfastreproductionrate.

B.Thefoodshortagefacingthespecies.

C.ItsthreattotheGreatLakesecosystem.

D.Itsnaturalenemiesinthelocalareas.

8.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.USLawmakersknewlittleofthethreatposedbyAsiancarp.

B.ElectricfencesmightnotbeenoughtostopthespreadofAsiancarp.

C.TheChicagoRiverhaschangeditsflowingdirectionmanytimes.

D.PeopleinChicagowillsoonfaceaseriouswatersupplyshortage.

C

Stilladjustingtolifeinthebigcity?

Yourmobilephoneoperatormightsoonbeabletotell.

Ananalysisofamorethan698millioncallsmadefromShanghaiinonemonthhashelpedshowwherepeoplelive,whotheymeetandtheirmovementswhentheyfirstarriveinanewcity.

Althoughthedatadidn’tcontainnamesandaddresses,itdidsuggestwhethermobileuserswerelocalsormigrantstothecity.Otherbiologicalinformationwasincluded,suchassexandage.Some22,000“newmigrants”weredescribedasthosewhowerebornoutsideShanghaiandwhodidnothavecalllogsinthefirstweekofthemonth,whileonemillion“settledmigrants”hadatleastonecallinthattimeperiod.Therewere1.7millionlocals.

ThedatacoveredSeptember2016,butshowedwhocalledwhomandroughlywhereinthecitypeoplewent,thankstoinformationonthecelltowerstheyconnectedto.

ChenhaoTanattheUniversityofWashingtonintheUS,whoworkedontheprojectwithcolleaguesatZhejiangUniversity,sayshewasexpectingthedatatoshowmigrantsgraduallybehavingmoreandmorelikelocalsastheyspenttimeinShanghai.

“That’sactuallynotthecase,theyremainquitedifferentfromlocals,”hesays.Forinstance,themigrantsstayedincontactwithmultiplepeoplewhosharedtheirplaceofbirth.

Theyalsospentmoretimeinthecenterofthecity.However,migrantsdidbecomemorelikelocalsinsomeways–suchasaveragecalllengthandthedistancetheytraveled.Thesettledmigrantsandlocalsgroupswerealsomorelikelythannewcomerstoreceivecallsbackfrompeopletheycontacted.

“Therealvalueinthisworkisinthepotentialoftellingustherateofchangeinhowacommunitycombinesovertime,”saidRexDouglassattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,US.

“Cellphonedataprovideanopportunitytoshowhowthesetiesgrowordisappearovertimeinawaythattypeofpeopleorsurveydatahaveahardtimeshowing.”

Suchmobilephonedatasetshavebeenusedinothersituations–forexampletomodelthepotentialspreadoftheEbolasicknessinWestAfrica.

However,theuseofmasstelecomsmetadataiscontroversial,becauseitisquitesimpletotieaperson’sidentitytoarandomprivatetelephonenumber.Groupsthatfightfortherightsofpeoplehavelongworriedthatdespitenotincludingnamesorthecontentofcalls,suchdatacanshowprivatethingsaboutpeople’slives.

Tansaysthatsuchfindingsmightactuallyhelpgovernmentsorcharityorganizationsassistmigrants.“Governmentsmaybeabletomoreeffectivelydeliverinformationonpotentialbenefits,”hesays.

9.WhatisChenhaoTan’sresearchmainlyabout?

A.Methodsthathelpmigrantsgetusedtolifeinanewcity.

B.Datacollectionofmobileusersandprotectionofuserprivacy.

C.Connectionsbetweencellphonedataandmigrants’lifestyles.

D.Benefitsofmobilecommunicationforpeoplelivinginurbanareas.

10.Accordingtotheresearch,thesettledmigrants______.

A.don’tliketogodowntownintheirfreetime

B.havenocalllogsinthefirstmonthoftheirarrival

C.tendtocalllessandtravelashorterdistancethanlocals

D.keepinclosecontactwithothermigrantsfromtheirhometown

11.WhatdoesRexDouglassthinkofcellphonedata?

A.Itismorereliablethanothertypesofsurveydata.

B.Itinformspeopleofthechangestourbancommunities.

C.Itincludeslotsofprivateinformationandshouldnotbeusedinstudies.

D.Itcanhelpgovernmentsgatherthebiologicalinformationofmigrants.

D

Astrangeandpoorlyunderstood“firemonument”that’s5,300yearsoldhasbeenfoundinEngland–atleast