真题英语DOC.docx

真题英语DOC.docx

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真题英语DOC

2012Text1

Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.

Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:

InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.

Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:

theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!

”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.

Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.

Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:

intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas

根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：

[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

对于社会治疗的补充

[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

对于团队活力的刺激

[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress

学校进步的阻碍

[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

一些不良行为的原因

解析：

这是一个细节题：

对应文中Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.题干中的often对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirablebehaviors对应nogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.lead对于cause.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。

22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould

罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：

[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

招募职业的广告人

[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience

从广告人那里学习经验

[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

远离商业广告人

[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

认识到广告的局限性

解析：

本题为细节题，根据题干定位到：

三段最后一句：

Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.这样的句子的理解难点是一个短语：

takeapagefrom向谁学习，如果不懂，可以看后面的soskilledatapplying，也能熟练的运用，一个“也”道出天机，小词有大乾坤啊!

23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto

作者认为Rosenberg未能：

[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

足够的探究社会和生物因素

[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点

[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

例证出国家基金的功能

[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

产生长期的社会影响

解析：

细节题问观点;对应句子Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.指出不足;后面一句中的主语JointheClub为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点：

notenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.：

完美替换exploration对probe;

24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

第五段表明对于行为的模仿：

[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

对于朋友的网络是有害的

[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

会误导对于行为的研究

[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

在没有意识到的时候就出现了

[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

会产生不良的健康习惯

解析：

细节题;对应句子Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.对unconsciously完美替换。

25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis

作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是：

[A]harmful

[B]desirable

[C]profound

[D]questionable

解析：

局部态度题对应Farlesscertain,however,is…Thetacticneverreallyworks…表明作者对于这个事物的看法是不确定的所以选最后一个。

Text2

Adealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.

Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It’sastunningmove.

Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.

EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin2007andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.

Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:

whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.

ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnothinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapublictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC）reviewsthecompany’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.

文章出处：

题目为：

VermontYankeeplant’sownermusthonoritsownpromises

这篇文章的主题是从一个公司的违约事件引出对于地方和联邦司法权力的讨论。

26.Thephrase“renegingon”（Line3.para.1）isclosestinmeaningto

短语“renegingon”最接近那个意思：

[A]condemning.

谴责

[B]reaffirming.

再次确认

[C]dishonoring.

不守信用

[D]securing.

安全

解析：

词意题：

Adealisadeal之后出现except，表明前后相反；还有一次题眼：

commitmenttoabideby；前面出现provokedjustifiedoutrage，一个是正当的愤怒，一个是守承诺，那么中间就只能是不受承诺了。

答案为[C]dishonoring.

27.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,Entergyintendedto

同意2002年的协议，Entergy公司希望：

[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.

获得Vermont监管者的保护

[B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.

寻求联邦立法机关的帮助

[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.

要求延长商业执照的有效期

[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.

获得购买一个电厂的许可

解析：

细节题根据题干对应文中Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.

冲突从2002年开始就出现了，那个时候公司购买了Vermont唯一的一家核电站；在Vernon的一家很旧的反应堆。

Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.

作为获得州政府购买批准的条件，公司同意在2012年以后的运营需要征得州监管者的同意。

2002agreement对应thecompanyagreedto；intendedto对应Asaconditionof因此答案为：

receivingstateapprovalforthesale；[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.完美替换。

28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits

根据第四段，Entergy存在哪些方面的问题：

[A]managerialpractices.

管理实践

[B]technicalinnovativeness.

技术创新

[C]financialgoals.

财务目标

[D]businessvision

经营愿景

解析：

细节题：

Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin2007andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement

一系列的事故，包括2007年冷凝塔的部分坍塌，发现地下管道系统的泄露，这些都引起了对于VermontYankee安全和公司管理的强烈关注。

所以答案应该是[A]managerialpractices.

29.Intheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewilltest

作者认为Vermont的案例将会测试：

[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.

Entergy履行其承诺的能力

[B]thematureofstates’patchworkregulations.

各州临散规定的成熟程度

[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues.

对于核问题的联邦权威

[D]thelimitsofst