英语词汇在日常生活中对现代汉语的影响.docx
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英语词汇在日常生活中对现代汉语的影响
Abstract
TheChinesemarketisopeningtotheworldcontinuouslyafterthereformandopeningup.ThecultureofChinaisblossomingallovertheworldbutwiththeimpactfromtheforeignculture.Thewordswhichareoftenusedincludealotofforeignwordsindailylife,especiallytheEnglishloan-words.ThesewordsnotonlyenrichtheChinesevocabularybutalsoenhancetheexpressionofChinese.
ThispapermainlyanalyzestheEnglishloan-wordsindailylife.Chinesepeoplebelievethatfoodistheparamountnecessityofthepeople.TheinfluenceoftheEnglishloan-wordsofthedietisthemostextensive.ThedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycreatestheInformationAge.Becauseoftheextensiverange,theInternetwordsaresopopularamongyoungpeople.Thispaperwilllistaseriesofthedietloan-wordsandtheInternetloan-wordstomakepeopleknowaboutthemdeeply.ThemostimportantpointofthispaperisthattheinfluencingwaysofEnglishvocabularyonChinesevocabulary.Bystudyingtheways,peopleareconvincedoftherulesoftheEnglishloan-wordsbetter.Finally,thepointthatpeopleshouldhaveacorrectattitudetowardsthiskindofsocialphenomenonisputoutbytheanalysisoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisinfluence。
Keywords:
dailylife;Englishloan-words;diet;Internet;influencingway
摘要
改革开放以来,中国市场不断面向世界。
在中国的文化向世界绽放的同时,随之而来的是外来文化对中国文化的冲击。
人们在日常生活中所使用的词汇中夹杂了许多外来词,特别是英语借词。
这些借词丰富了汉语词汇和增强了的汉语词汇的表达能力。
本文主要分析中国人在日常生活中所接触的英语借词。
中国人认为:
民以食为天。
饮食中的英语借词影响的范围是最广泛。
科技的发展,创造了信息时代。
因为覆盖领域宽广,网络词汇在年轻人中非常流行。
本文将会列举一系列的饮食借词和网络借词让人们对这些词汇有更深的了解。
本文的重点是英语词汇对现代汉语词汇的影响方式。
通过研究它们的方式,可以认识到英语借词的规律和它们是如何深刻地影响人们的日常生活。
最后通过分析这种影响的利与弊,提出人们应该用正确的态度对待这种社会现象。
关键词:
日常生活;英语借词;饮食;网络;影响方式
Contents
Abstracti
摘要ii
1.Introduction1
2.LiteratureReview2
3.TheInfluenceofTwoImportantAspects3
3.1TheInternetvocabulary3
3.2Thedietvocabulary4
4.WaysoftheInfluence5
4.1Transliteration5
4.2Freetranslation7
4.2.1Synonymwiththesamepronunciation9
4.2.2Associatedwords9
4.2.3Conversionofwordassociations9
4.3Mixedwords10
5.TheAdvantageandDisadvantageoftheInfluence12
5.1Advantages12
5.2Disadvantages12
6.Conclusion13
References14
Acknowledgements15
1.Introduction
Englishisthemostpopularlanguageallaroundtheworld.Mostofloan-wordsinChinesecomefromEnglishinrecentyears,soalotofpeopleworryaboutthesituationthatEnglishvocabularyinfluencesonChinese.Actually,itisthemostimportantthingtoknowthefunctionoflanguage.Thatiscommunication.SomeEnglishwordswecannotfindthesamemeaninginChinesewords.Atthattime,wealwaysusetheEnglishwordsinourspeechdirectlyormakethemtranslated.Itisconvenienttoexpressmeaningsexactly.ButsometimesitwillbedifficulttocommunicatewithotherswhenweabuseEnglishwordsorEnglishloan-wordsinChinese.Besides,withthesocialdevelopment,moreandmoreloan-wordscomingfromEnglishvocabularyareappearing,especiallythedailywords.Weoftencontactwiththesewordsbutignorethem.Tosumup,byanalyzingtheinfluenceofEnglishvocabularyonChineseindailylife,wecanknowtheadvantageordisadvantageaboutit.Weshouldhavethecriticalattitudetothephenomenon.
2.LiteratureReview
TheinfluenceofEnglishonChineseisresearchedalotinhomestateandalittleinforeigncountries.Forinstance,LingXinxing(2002)researchedtheinfluenceofEnglishonChineseinthePostcolonialContext.HeexploredandanalyzedtheinfluenceofEnglishonstandardChineseandHongKongChineseinmorphologyandsyntax.HeconcludedtheadvantageanddisadvantageofinfluenceofEnglishonChinese.LeiShunhaiandLiuShuhua(2004)studiedtheinfluenceofEnglishonChinesesincethereformandopeningupofChina.Theyanalyzedtheinfluenceofloan-wordsonChinesebyresearchingthedevelopmentofsocialeconomyandculture.GuoHongjie(2005)exploredtheEuropeanizingofChinesegrammaraccordingtothelinguisticandcognitiveapproach.CaoWei(2004)wrotethedefinitionoftheneologism.Heshowedthetypes,characteristics,structuresoftheneologism.Inthesetypes,wecanknowthenewwordsincludingtheloan-words.Sotheloan-wordisnotthesametotheneologism.Thatisthereasonwhytheauthorwrotetheloan-wordspecially.Howeverhedidnotsaywherethewordsthatappearinhiswritingarefrom.InZhaoYanfang(1996)research,itarguedabouttheinfluenceofwesterncultureonmodernChinesevocabulary.ShepointedouthowthemodernChinesevocabularybecamestandardbytheloan-word,includingtheEnglishbutshejustshowedussometransliteratedwords.ChenWanfang(2005)reportedthattheinfluenceoftheEnglish-ChinesetranslationonmodernChinesegrammar.HeresearchedtheEuropeanChinesegrammar.Tosumup,allofthesestudiesdidnotreportdailyloan-wordssomuch.Dailywordsareinterestingandusefultolife,study,andwork.
3.TheInfluenceofTwoImportantAspects
Indailylife,peoplecontactalotwiththeChinesewordsinfluencedbytheEnglishwords,butoftenignorethembecausepeoplethinkitisapartoftheirlives.Itisresultedfromthesocialdevelopment.Inthediet,transportation,entertainment,dailynecessitiesandnetwork,peoplealwayscontactandusesuchwords.DietisthemostimportantthingtoChinesepeople.Thenetworkofmodernsocietyisthemostfrequenttoolusedinentertainment.ThedietvocabularyandnetworkvocabularyfromEnglishvocabularyisshownontheimpactofmodernChinesewhichareverygoodrepresentativeexamples.
3.1TheInternetvocabulary
Withthepopularityofcomputerandnetworkdevelopment,networkwordsappearandbecomepopular.Thisistheinevitablephenomenonwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Englishloan-wordsonInternetaremoreandmorepopular.Thecomputerisconnectedasawhole,takingthewholeworldintoaglobalvillage.Alargenumberofcomputerwordsappearinpeople’slives,suchas因特网“Internet”,软件“software”and下载“download”.Thereisnodoubtthatmanypopularwordsareappearingonline,suchasBF(boyfriend),IC(Isee)andCU(seeyou).Theyareoftenusedbyyoungpeople.
Youngpeopleareactive,sensitive,imitativeandcreative.Theyareeasytoacceptthenewthings,thenoveltyandthevariation,catchingupwiththefashionandpublicpersonality.Languagereflectsthechangeofsocialdevelopment,especiallyactivewitheachpassingdayandpublicityofthenetworklanguage.Alotofloan-wordsofnetworkaredifferentfromtheHannationalitycharacteristicsintheirownformsandcontent.Thesewordsareusedindailylifefrequently.Yimeier伊妹儿whosetransliteratingformisacomputerlanguage“e-mail”.Itmeansthemessageissentoutbythecomputernetwork,alsoknownas“computermail”.Butintheyoungusers,yimeier伊妹儿ismorepopular.
TranslatingbythepronunciationofEnglishwordsismoretraditional,butthenetizenisplayinganewtrick.Thatshowsthehumanpersonality.Forexample,“e-mail”isoftentranslatedintoyimei伊妹儿,whichhasahuman’spersonality.“Fans”istranslatedintofensi粉丝,representingthepersonwhocrazyaboutsomeone.Itreferstoapersonalworship.Moreover,themodemwhichisusedtosurfontheInternet,iscalledshujuji数据机byTaiwanese.Chinesepeople,wholiveinmainland,translateitintotiaozhijietiaoqi调制解调器,butyoungpeoplethinkthemtoohardtoread.Theysimplifythepronunciation.Finallythemodemiscalledmao猫.
Inaddition,theloan-wordsaredividedintotwoparts.Oneisthetransliteration,andtheotheristranslation.Forinstance,“Internet”istranslatedintoyintewang因特网.“Inter”,thetransliteration,istranslatedintoyinte因特,and“net”thetranslation,istranslatedintowang网.
3.2Thedietvocabulary
InRecentyears,alotofforeignrestaurantsdobusinessesinourcountrybecauseoftheeconomicglobalization.Peopleprefertohavedinnerintheserestaurants.McDonald,KFCorotherAmericanstyledrinkingandfoodsaresurroundingus.Atthesametime,theforeignerswouldlovetotakethesedrinkingandfoods.Astheresult,agreatdealofforeignfoodsappearsinChinesemenus.Inordertounderstandconveniently,thesedrinkingandfoodsaretranslatedasfollows:
EnglishWords
TheChinesePronunciation
TheChineseMeaning
Coffee
Kafei
咖啡
Mug
Make
马克
Sundae
Shengdai
圣代
cocoa
keke
可可
Curry
Gali
咖喱
Pudding
Buding
布丁
Vodka
Futejia
伏特加
brandy
bailandi
白兰地
whisky
weishiji
威士忌
champagne
xiangbin
香槟
gin
qinjiu
琴酒
Chocolate
Qiaokeli
巧克力
Besides,therearesomanywesterndrinkingandfoodsinthediet,suchasgreenfood绿色食品,KFC肯德基,McDonald's麦当劳,buffet自助餐,milkshake奶昔,hotdog热狗,cheese奶酪,toast土司,salmon三文鱼,sardines沙丁鱼,paste配司,sirloinsteak西冷牛排,bacon培根,instantcoffee速溶咖啡,ajarofbeer扎啤,sprite雪碧,pepsi百事可乐andsoftdrinks软饮料.Thesewordsarefamiliartomanypeopleindailylifebutarealwaysignored.PeopleevendonotknowthatthesewordsaretranslatedfromEnglishwords.
4.WaysoftheInfluence
4.1Transliteration
Inthelastcentury,therearemanyChinesewordsinfluencedfromEnglish.TheChinesetransliteratingwordsappearfromreformandopening-upofChina.Becauseofbecomingthestrongcountry,theinternationalpositionofEnglishishigherandhigher.Withthedisseminationandintroductionofculture,scienceandtechnology,lotsofChinesetransliteratingwordsenterintothemodernlifeofChina.
Comparedtothegeneraltranslation,transliterationkeepstheoriginalpronunciationbutitdoesnotshowthemeaningoftheoriginallanguage.TransliteratingwordsareusedextensivelyintheprogressofthetranslationofEnglishintoChinese.Itcreatesanewformthatmake