高中英语逆袭必备语法讲解含答案.docx
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高中英语逆袭必备语法讲解含答案
怎么背单词:
重复
1、正面战场:
单词表/单词书
“犹抱琵琶半遮面”法
Step1:
遮住中文,看着英文想中文
Step2:
如果能想起来,就进行下一个单词
Step3:
如果想不起来,就看一眼,然后再遮住中文,做回忆
Step4:
每五个单词,就复习一遍;每五组单词,再复习一遍。
每天至少背50个单词,最好背到200个单词。
——多背,多忘,多留下;少背,少忘,没留下。
2、敌后战场:
阅读理解/完型填空/课文
在阅读过程中,遇见生词,得查!
背什么?
1、音读音-音标
2、形拼写-音标
3、义意思-重复/语境
语言学习的铁律:
我们只能通过“大语境”来学会“小语境”
学音标,靠单词;
学单词,靠句子;
学句子,靠文章!
【常考语法项目】
1、谓语动词:
时态/被动/虚拟/情态/主谓一致
2、非谓语动词:
根据意思选择形式(todo;doing;doing;done)
3、从句:
名从,定从,状从(选连词)
4、介连冠代:
靠意思/句子结构
5、名词单复数
6、固定搭配
【谓语动词】
动词时态:
一句话搞定一个时态
一般现在do/does:
常态、事实,译为“经常,真的”
LiHuiteachesEnglish.李辉是个教英语的。
一般过去did:
讲故事,动作是过去,句子也在描述过去,译为“当时”
LiHuiworkedinHohhot.李辉当时工作在呼和浩特。
现在完成have/hasdone:
动作是过去,句子却在描述现在,译为“已经”
JJhasdied.俊俊已经死了。
JJhasgraduated.俊俊已经毕业了。
过去完成haddone:
did之前,译为“之前,之前已经”
Ihadlearned10000wordsbeforeIgraduatedfromuniversity.
JJhaddated10000girlfriendswhenheentereduniversity.
将来完成willhavedone:
某动作到将来某时间点“做完了”,译为“将已经…”
Iwillhaveenrolled1000students(formywinterABcourses)(bytheend)(ofthisweek).
过去将来woulddo:
站在过去看将来/和did相比是将来,译为“将”
JJtoldme(thathewouldbeatme).
一般将来:
(1)有计划有预谋,用begoingtodo
Iamgoingtotakeashower.
Iamgoingtobecomeateacher.
Iamgoingtogetmarried.
(2)无计划无预谋,用willdo
Iwillbecomeateacher.
Iwillgetmarried.
(3)马上做某事,用betodo/beabouttodo
Iamabouttofinishthisclass.
(4)“点动作”用进行时表示将来(趋势):
come;go;leave;arrive;enter;start;end;begin;die
JJisdying.JJ要死了。
Iamleaving.我要走了。
(5)“时间表”用一般时表示将来(表示习惯约定规定,本质就是一般现在)
火车;轮船;飞机;上学放学;商店开门关门
Thenexttraincomesat9:
30.
(6)威逼利诱句型
a)威逼句型:
祈使句+or(否则)+sbwilldosth.
b)利诱句型:
祈使句+and(那么)+sbwilldosth.
各种进行be+doing:
“正在”
Iamgivingalesson.
IamreadingEnglish.
Iwillbehavingarestanhourlater.
现在完成进行have/hasbeendoing:
一直做一直做一直做一直做,已经做了很长时间了还在做。
IhavebeenteachingEnglishfortenyears.
Ihavebeengivingthisclassfornearly2hoursandahalf.
16种时态:
形/意
现在过去将来过去将来
一般一般现在一般过去一般将来一般过去将来
进行现在进行过去进行将来进行过去将来进行
完成现在完成过去完成将来完成过去将来完成
完成进行现在完成进行过完成进行将来完成进行过去将来完成进行
谓语动词=助动词+实意动词
助动词:
(1)do类:
do/does/did(现在/过去)
(2)will类:
will/would(将来)
(3)have类:
have/has/had(完成)
(4)be类:
am/is/are/was/were
a)be+doing时,be表“进行”
b)be+done时,be表“被动”
employ
过去完成时
did+have+employ
=had+employed
过去完成时被动
did+have+be+employ
=had+be+employ
=hadbeen+employ
=hadbeenemployed
将来完成进行时的被动语态
willhavebebe+employ
willhavebeenbeingemployed
过去将来完成进行时的被动语态
didwillhavebebe+employ
wouldhavebeenbeingemployed
1.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______(change)sorapidlyalltheseyears.
2.He______(swim)quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.
3Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____(turnup)bynow.
4.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____(catch)thewrongbus.
5.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______(walk)acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.
6.Ireallydon’tthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_____.
7.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______(take.)
8.Thenotice______(read)“Nosmoking”.
9.Theoldman_____(die)twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.
10.I_____(hope)totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.
11.Helen_____(leave)herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.
12.Ifit_____(rain)tomorrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.
13.Thestudents_____(write)busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_____(leave)intheoffice.
14.IHavenotmovedintothenewhouseyet,becausetherooms_____(paint)?
15.—Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime,andWhatdoyousuppose____(happen)toher
被动语态:
1.Rainforests_________(cut)andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthintheearlyfuture.
2.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse__________(breakinto)andalotofthings________(steal).
3.------Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?
------Notyet,Theroom_________(paint).
4.Whenandwheretobuildthefactory___________(notdecide)yet.
5.Ifcitynoises_________(notkeep)fromincreasing,peoplewillhavetoshout___________(hear)evenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.
6.Allthepreparationsforthetask____________(complete),andwearereadytostart.
7.Goodcare___________babiesparticularlywhiletheyareill(必须照料).
8.Thewater______(进一步污染)unlesssomemeasures______(take).
9.HeletmerepeathisinstructionstomakesurethatIunderstand_____(要做的事)afterhewentaway.
【非谓语动词】
(1)一个句子中用到多个动词时,保留一个作谓语,其它变非谓
(2)主动用ing;被动用done;要做去做用todo
看主被动?
先名后动!
(把逻辑主语放在非谓前面来判断)
(3)如果非谓语前有名词,则非谓语就是这个名词干的;如果非谓语前没有名词,则非谓语是主句主语干的。
(4)如果非谓语结构中含有have,则表示非谓语动作发生在主语动作之前。
Eatingmydinner,Istartedtodomyhomework.
吃着晚饭,我开始写作业。
Havingeatenmydinner,Istartedtodomyhomework.
吃完晚饭,我开始写作业。
非谓语动词的形式:
原型“之前”“正在”“要、去”
主动doinghavingdonedoingtodo
被动donedone(定状均可)beingdonetobedone
havingbeendone(只作状语)
Thebuilding(built)thereismine.
Thebuilding(tobebuilt)thereismine.
Thebuilding(beingbuilt)thereismine
不加时间词就能翻译通的话,优先用原型;
必须就时间词才能翻译的话,选择后7种形式。
被狗咬了三次之后,这个邮递员拒绝来我们家。
Bittenbyourdogfor3times,thispostmanrefusedtocometoourhome.
Havingbeenbeatenbyourdogfor3times,thispostmanrefusedtocometoourhome.
1.Myclumsymistakehadthegirls_laughing_(laugh)giggling.
2.Igothome,_feeling_(feel)verytired.
3.Withmygirlfriend_standing_(stand)nexttome,Ifeltsafer.
4._Havingbeen_(be)away(frommyfamily)(for10years),Imissthemverymuch.
5.Whatisthelanguage_spoken_(speak)inBrazil?
6.Wemustkeepasecret(ofthethings)_beingdiscussed_(discuss)now.
7.Themeetingended(withnothing_settled_)(settle).
8.IsuggestweshouldvisitthePlaceMuseum,_built_(build)600yearsago.
9.Theflowers_smelling闻起来_(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.
10.Ididn’tseethenotice_reading_(read)“nosmoking”.
11.When_asked_(ask)abouthisprivatelife,theactorwasannoyed.
12.Not_knowing_(know)hisaddress,wecouldnotgetintouchwithhim.
13.Wearelookingforahotel_tostay_(stay)foranight.
14.Hewastheonlyforeigner_tobegiven_(give)suchanhonor.
15.Weconsideritourduty_tosafeguard_(safeguard)theworldpeace.
16.(Asitwasverycold),weslepttogether_tokeep_(keep)warm.
17.Heissaid_tohavebeenworking_(work)abroad(sincehegraduated).
直接理解不了时,可以先造个谓语动词的句子来理解:
Hehasbeenworkingabroadsincehegraduated.
动名词:
动作的名字,表示一件事儿!
Ilikeswimming.
AaccuseBofC=A谴责B因为C
18.Weaccusedhimof_playing_(play)gamesduringworkinghours.
19._Beinglaughed_(laugh)inpublicmademeangryandembarrassed.
20.Thehelicopter_torescue_(rescue)thevillagers_trapped_(trap)(inthesnowstorm)wascanceled(becauseoftheterribleweather).
21.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears_tohavebeentold_(tell)everything.
22.Thefirstcomputerisgenerallyconsidered_tohavebeeninvented_(invent)byCharlesBabbage.
23.LittleJimshouldlove_tobetaken_(take)(tothetheatre)(thisevening).
24.Heclaimed_tohavebeentreated__(treat)badlyinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.
25.Theproblem_tobediscussed_tomorrowisnottheone_discussed_atyesterday’smeeting(讨论).
26.Tomwasveryunhappy(for_notbeinginvited_)(没有邀请)totheparty.
27.(InsomepartsofLondon),missingabusmeans_waiting_(wait)(foranotherhour).
Lovemeansdedication.爱意味着风险。
28.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself_heard_(hear).
29.Itis_frightening_(fright)eventothinkofthehorrorofthenuclearwar.
30.Ifoundnothing_amazing_(amaze)inhisstory.
【使动词用法】
frighten使…害怕v.
frightening令人害怕的adj.
frightened感到害怕的adj.
scare使…害怕v.
scaring/scary令人害怕的adj.
scared感到害怕的adj.
amaze使…惊喜的adj.
amazing令人惊喜的adj.
amazed感到惊喜的adj.
tire使…劳累v.
tiring/tiresome令人劳累的adj.
tired感到劳累的adj.
bore使…无聊v.
boring令人无聊的adj.
bored感到无聊的adj.
shock使…震惊
shocking令人震惊的adj.
shocked感到震惊的adj.
astonish使…震惊v.
astonishing令人震惊的adj.
astonished感到震惊的adj.
interest使..感兴趣v.
interesting有趣的adj.
interested感兴趣的adj.
excite使…兴奋v.
exciting令人兴奋的adj.
excited感到兴奋的adj.
surprise使…惊讶v.
surprising令人惊讶的adj.
surprised感到惊讶的adj.
JJissaidtohavegraduatedfromXidianUniversity.
【动词搭配】
beasleep
情态动词/will/to+动词原形
1.Jimpretendedto_be_asleepwhenhismothercamein.
2.Twoeyes_can_seemorethanone.
3._May_youcontinueinyoureffortsandachievenewandgreatersuccesses.
4.Thecomputersonthetable_belongto_(belong)ProfessorSmith.
5.Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidn't.He_musthavechanged_(change)hismind.
Hemustbeateacher.他肯定是个老师吧。
HemusthavebeentoEurope.他肯定去过欧洲吧。
6.(Onafternoon),Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,_bought_(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.
7.Theboywanted(toridehisbicycle)(inthestreet),buthismothertoldhim_notto_.
●帮着做某事:
helpdosth/helptodosth.
●忍不住做某事:
can’thelpdoingsth.
8.Shecan’thelp_clean/toclean_(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.
see/hear/smellsb/sth+do看见某人做某事
doing看见某人正在做某事
9.(WhenIgotbackhome)Isawamessage(pinned)(tothedoor)_read__(read)“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
10.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_grow_(grow)upfromchildhood.
11.Thelibraryneeds_cleaning/tobecleaned_(clean),butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.
12.Heordered(thatthebooks_beprinted_)(print)(atonce).
order/demand/suggest/advice/request+(that)sb(should)dosth.
【构词法】
语法填空+短文改错+书面表达+单项选择:
用准