英语论文.docx
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英语论文
编号:
_______________
毕业论文
题目:
OnWaystoTeachPre-schoolChildrenOralEnglish
系别:
外语系
专业:
英语
学生姓名:
成绩:
指导教师:
杨淑芬
2013年4月
Abstract
BasedontheproblemsoforalEnglishteachingtochildren,theauthorthinksitisapressingissuetosolvethese.Afterlookingoveranumberofrelativematerials,theauthorthinksitisthebestwaytosolvethesefromchildren’scharacteristics.Thentheauthortakes5-year-oldchildrenforexample,andanalyzestheirpsychology.Withthesecharacters,theauthordetailsfromchildren’ssensation,perception,memories,thoughts,imaginationandattentiontoteachthem.Throughtheseways,childrenwillspeakfluentlyandnaturally.
KeyWords:
Children;OralEnglish;Teaching;Skill
Contents
AbstractI
ContentsII
Introduction1
ⅠTheProblemsofOralEnglishTeachingtoPre-schoolChildren2
1.1TheTraditionalInstruction2
1.2TheProblemsinKindergarten3
ⅡAnAnalysisontheProblems4
2.1TheEndangermentofTheseProblems4
2.2TheCharacteristicsof5-Year-OldChildren6
ⅢWaystoTeachChildrenOralEnglish7
3.1FocusonTheirSensationandPerception7
3.2FocusonTheirMemories8
3.2.1TheHabitofRememberingIntently8
3.2.2TheUseofRhythmandPrinciple9
3.3FocusonTheirThoughts9
Conclusion12
Bibliography13
Introduction
“Languageisatthecenterofhumanlife.Weuselanguageallday”(Cook,1).Somepeopleareabletodosomethinginmorethanonelanguage.Knowinganotherlanguagemaymean:
gettingajob,achancetogeteducated,etc.Itaffectspeople’scareersandpossiblefutures,theirlivesandveryidentities.“Inaworldwhereprobablymorepeoplespeaktwolanguagesthanthosewhospeakone,languagelearningandlanguageteachingarevitaltothedailylivesofmillions”.Forpre-schoolchildren,itisdifficulttolearnoralEnglish,sotheteachersplayanimportantroleinaclass.
InEnglishlearning,oralEnglish,whichisthekeypointforchildren,fosterschildren’sabilitiesinusingEnglishverbally.Speakingisoneofthemostimportantwaystoexpressone’sfeelingandmind.Especiallytoday,withthedevelopmentofthesociety,teachingchildrenoralEnglishismorenecessaryandpopular.Buttherearemanyproblems.Insuchpoorcondition,childrencannotspeakEnglishverywell.Eveniftheyhavealottosay,theycannotopentheirmouths.Thispapertakes5-year-oldchildrenforexample,departingfromthetraditionalinstruction,andbasesonchildren’scharacteristicstofindthebestwaytoteachthemoralEnglish.
ThefirstpartofthispaperdiscussestheproblemsoftheoralEnglishteachingtopre-schoolchildren.Oneofthemisthetraditionalinstruction—theTeacher-centeredInstruction.Itfirstlymainlyintroducesthedefinitionandthecausesofthetraditionalinstruction.Fromtheconceptionitiseasytoknowthattheinstructionemphasizestheteachers’function,whichistheproblemofthatinstruction.Inaddition,itemphasizesgrammars,butignorespronunciations,andclaimsstudentstorememberwordsmechanically.SucheducationonlymakesstudentsknowthegrammarofEnglishinsteadofspeakingEnglishfluently.Followingthat,theauthorintroducestheproblemsinkindergarten,whichisthesecondone.Thesecondpartanalyzestheproblemsthatarementionedinthefirstpart.Inthispart,theauthoranalyzestheendangermentoftheseproblems.Forexample,itcannotprovidesufficientlanguageinputandpracticeforstudents.Soitisapressissuetochangetheseproblems.Thentheauthoranalyzestheimportancetosolvetheseproblems.Thustheauthortakes5-year-oldchildrenforexampletofindthebestwaytoteachchildrenoralEnglish,whichisthemaincontentofthethirdpart.Inthispart,theauthorintroducesthechildren’scharacteristics.Basedonthat,teacherscanteachchildrenfromthesensation,perception,memory,thought,imaginationandattention.Thelastpartistheconclusion.Withthewaysmentionedinthethirdpart,children’soralEnglishwillmakeagreatprogress.TeacherswillhavethebestwaytoteachchildrenoralEnglish,alsothequalityofeducationwillbeimprovedgreatly.
ⅠTheProblemsofOralEnglishTeachingtoPre-schoolChildren
Chineseeducationhasprogressedfor5000years,whiletherearetraditionalteachingmethods:
emphasizinggrammar,ignoringpronunciation,andrememberingwordsmechanically.Thefollowingisthemaincharactersofthetraditionalinstruction.Followingthat,theauthoranalyzestheproblemsinkindergarten.
1.1TheTraditionalInstruction
Thetraditionalinstruction,whichistheTeacher-centeredInstruction,isaninstructionaltheorythatclaimsthatteachersarethedominatorsanddeciders.Itcanbetracedbacktoantiquity.Thebasiccontentisteachershowtoprepareandteachstudentswell,anditseldomconsidersstudentshowtolearn.Itemphasizestheoutsidestimulationinsteadofstudents’cognition.Thenstudentsbecomethepassivereceivers.Obviously,thiskindofmodelisfoundedundertheinstitutionaltheory“Receive”andthebehavioristtheory“Stimulate—Response”
TheTraditionalPPP(“Presentation”,“Practice”,and“Production”)modelusedforclassroominstructionalsobelongstotheTeacher-centeredInstruction.Whenthebellrings,ateachercomesin,andthenhebeginstoteach.Amongthattimeheonlygivesstudentslittertimetospeak,andevennotime.Untilthebellringsagain,theteachergoesaway.Thatisthecommonstyleoftheteachingmethodsinschools.Teachersrealizetheirtasks,butwhataboutstudents?
Whethertheyalsorealizetheirlearningpurposeornot?
Ofcoursetheydonot.
Itaffectstheeducationgreatlyallthetime,evennowinthemodernage.Thenextisthereasonsofthespreadofthetraditionalinstruction.
Thefirstisexaminationandthepursuitofenteringabetterschoolunilaterally.Inordertogethighmarksandimprovetherateofenteringabetterschool,teacherspaymoreattentiontothesmallpartofstudentswhoaregoodatstudying,butnotthewhole.Someonemakesavividimageandcallssuchsituation“accompanimentsystem”.Furthermore,teachersonlycareforstudents’knowledgeinsteadoftheirqualities.Theresultisthatstudentsarejustbusydoingendlesshomeworkallthetime,andtheirbodiesandspiritsareimpressednegatively.Evenabouttheknowledge,thelearnersonlyrememberitmechanically,butcannotuseitflexibly.Inthe21stcentury,thecompetitionamongeverykindofemploymentsisverykeen.Soeveryonewantstogetintothebestschool,whichhasthehighestratetoenterkeyschools.Therefore,tosomedegree,theseproblemsdonotappearaccidentally,andtheyarenottheresponsibilitiesofschoolsandteachers.Additionally,thereareotherproblems,suchastraditionalcultures,educationalsystem,entranceexaminations,educationaljudgment,etc.
1.2TheProblemsinKindergarten
First,becausesomepeopledonotunderstandthedefinitionof“bilingualeducation”oronlywanttopursuemorebenefitstheyopenonlyoneortwohobbyclassesforteachingoralEnglishinthekindergarten,andtheteachersjustsimplyteachseveralwords,orphrases,orsentences,evenifsomeofthemonlyteachEnglishtwiceinaweek.Withsuchcondition,thefounderalsocallshiskindergarten“bilingualeducation”.Second,someteachersarenotqualified.SomepeoplethinkteachingchildrenEnglishisasimplething.SowhoeverknowssomeEnglishwordscanteach.Thatiswrong.AqualifiedbilingualteacherhadbetterhavesteadyknowledgeaboutEnglish;masterthepsychologypedagogyofchildrenandbeskillfulatteachingtheoryandpractice.ButinChina,thereare43%presentteachersarenotgraduatedasEnglishmajorsandmostofthemarenotteachersinthekindergarten.Buttheyareteachersinotherschoolsorforeigners.Third,teachersonlyspeakmotherlanguageoronlyspeakEnglishintheclass.TheydonotknowtherelationshipbetweenmotherlanguageandEnglish.Thismethodisnotgoodforchildren'scognition.Fourth,learningEnglishisbecomingmoreandmorepopular,soallkindsofbooksappear.Butamongthemtherearemanyinferiorbooksintermix,whichisbadforchildrentolearnEnglish.
ⅡAnAnalysisontheProblems
TeachingwiththetraditionalinstructionisbadforchildrentolearnoralEnglish,becauseithasagreatmanyendangerments.Alsothestatusquoinkindergartenisnotaffirmative.Soitisimportantandnecessarytosolvetheseproblems.Theflowingistheendangermentoftheseproblemsandtheimportancetosolvetheseproblems.
2.1TheEndangermentofTheseProblems
Thetraditionalinstructioncannotprovidesufficientlanguageinputandpracticeforstudents.Teachersjustpaymoreattentiontovocabulary,ortheyonlyanalyzegrammars.Thusstudentshavefewornochancetotakepartincommunication.Knowledgecanbedividedintodeclarativeknowledge(aboutknowingwhat)andproceduralknowledge(aboutknowinghow).Thefirstone,whatthetraditionalinstructionbelongsto,issomethingaboutgrammarandvocabulary,whichisonlythedeclarationknowledgeandhasnothingtodowithcommunication.Sostudentsmayformawrongidea.Thatis,iftheygrasptheruleofthelanguage,theycanalsocommunicatenaturallyandaccurately.Asaresult,mostofthestudentswillbeintellectualtalents,butnotinnovativetalents.Theycangethighmarksineveryexamination.Butactuallytheycannotusethelearnedknowledgeagilely.Whentheyopentheirmouthstheyalwaysmakemistakes.Whatisworse,theycannotwidenscopes,enlargetheculturalknowledge,anddeveloptheirthoughts.Allofthoseareharmfulforthemtomeettheneedofthesociety.
Inkindergarten,thereisasaying: