机械手外文翻译.docx

机械手外文翻译.docx

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机械手外文翻译

Manipulator

Alongwithourcountrytherapiddevelopmentofindustrialproduction,rapidlyimprovedegreeofautomation,implementationartifactsofhandling,steering,transmissionortoilforweldinggun,spraygun,spannerandothertoolsforprocessing,assemblyoperationssuchasautomation,shouldcausetheattentionofpeoplemoreandmore.

Manipulatoristoimitatethepeoplepartoftheaction,accordingtoagivenprogram,trackanddemandingacquirement,handlingoroperationoftheautomaticdevice.Appliedintheindustrialproductionofthemanipulatorisreferredtoas"industrialmanipulator".Applicationmanipulatorcanimprovetheautomationofproductionwaterinproductionandlaborproductivity;Canreducelaborfatiguestrength,toensureproductquality,implementsafetyproduction;Especiallyinhightemperatureandhighpressure,lowtemperature,lowpressure,dust,explosive,toxicandradioactivegasessuchasharshenvironment,itinsteadofpeoplenormalwork,themoresignificant.Therefore,inthemachining,casting,welding,heattreatment,electroplating,spraypainting,assembly,andlightindustry,transportationindustrygetmoreandmoreextensiveapplication,etc.

Manipulatorinstitutionalformissimple,strongprofessionalism,onlyasaloadingdeviceforamachinetools,special-purposemanipulatorisattachedtothismachine.Alongwiththedevelopmentofindustrialtechnology,producedindependentlyaccordingtotheprocesscontroltoachieverepetitiveoperation,usingrangeiswide"programcontrolgeneralmanipulator",hereinafterreferredtoasgeneralmanipulator.Generalmanipulatorusedtoquicklychangetheworkingprocedure,adaptabilityisstronger,soheisinconstanttransformationinthemediumandsmallbatchproductionofproductsarewidelyused.

Manipulatorisakindofcanautomaticpositioningcontrolandcanchangetoprogrammingwithmultifunctionalmachine,ithasmoredegreesoffreedom,canbeusedtomovethingstocompletetheworkindifferentenvironments.InChinathelowlevelofwages,plasticproductsindustrystillbelongstothelabor-intensive,theuseofthemanipulatorhasbecomemorepopular.TheelectronicandautomobileindustryinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmultinationalcompaniesveryearlyintheirfactoriesinChinaintroducedautomaticproduction.ButnowthechangeistheindustrialintensivedistributioninsouthChina,eastChina'scoastalregionslocalplasticprocessingplantalsobegantomanipulatorshowmoreandmoreinterest,becausetheyhavetofacehighworkerturnoverrate,asasthechallengewellsbroughtaboutbytheworkerspayinductrialinjuryfee.

一、Thecompositionofthemanipulator

Manipulatorisintheformofavarietyof,somerelativelysimple,somemorecomplex,butthebasicformisthesame,generallybytheactuators,transmissionsystem,controlsystemandtheauxiliarydevice.

1.Theactuatormanipulatoractuators,bythehand,wrist,arm,pillars.Handisgraspingmechanism,whichisusedtoclampandreleaseartifacts,asahumanfinger,cancompletestaffofsimilaraction.Isconnectedtothefingersandwristarmcomponents,canbeupanddown,leftandrightsidesandrotarymovement.Simplemanipulatorcannotthewrist.Propusedtosupportthearm,canalsoaccordingtoneedtomakeitmove.

2.Thedrivingsystemmovementoftheactuatorbythetransmissionsystemtoachieve.Commonmechanicaltransmissionsystemofmechanicaltransmission,hydraulictransmission,pneumatictransmissionandpowertransmissionetc.Severalforms.

3.Thecontrolsystemofmanipulatorcontrolsystemmainfunctionistocontrolthemanipulatoraccordingtocertainprocedures,movementdirection,position,speed,simplemanipulatorisgenerallynotsetspecialcontrolsystem,onlythestrokeswitch,relay,controlvalvesandcontrolcircuitcanrealizedynamictransmissionsystem,theexecutingagencyactioninaccordancewithrequirements.Actioncomplexmanipulatorshouldadoptstheprogrammablecontroller,microcomputercontrol.

二、classificationandcharacteristicsofthemanipulator

Robotsgenerallyfallintothreecategoriesthefirstisgeneralmanipulatordoesn'tneedmanualoperation.Itisakindofindependenceisnotattachedtoahostdevice.Itcanaccordingtotheneedofthetaskprogram,theoperationoftheprovisionstocomplete.Itiswiththecharacteristicsofcommonmechanicalperformance,alsohasgeneralmachinery,memory,intelligenceofthreeyuan.Thesecondistheneedtodomanually.CalledOperatingmachine.Itoriginatedintheatom,militaryindustry,firstbyOperatingmachinetocompleteaspecificassignment,latertouseradiosignalOperatingmachinetoexplorethemoonandsoon.UsedintheforgingindustryOperatingmachinefallsunderthiscategory.Thethirdkindistousespecialmanipulator,mainlyattachedtoautomaticmachineorautomaticline,usedtosolvemachinetoolmaterialandworkpiecetosendupanddown.Thismanipulatorinaforeigncountryiscalled"theMechanicalHand",itisintheserviceofthehost,drivenbythehost;Exceptafewworkingproceduresgenerallyisfixed,soitisspecial.

三、Theapplicationofindustrialmanipulator

Manipulatorisintheprocessofmechanization,automationproduction,developedakindofnewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,withelectronictechnology,especiallythewideapplicationofelectroniccomputer,therobot'sdevelopmentandproductionhasbecomeahightechnologydevelopedrapidlyinthefieldofanemergingtechnology,itpromotedthedevelopmentofthemanipulator,makethemanipulatorcanachievebetterwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.

Manipulatoralthoughitisnotasflexibleasmanpower,butitcanhaverepeatedworkandlabor,donotknowfatigue,isnotafraidofdanger,snatchheavyweightsstrengthcharacteristicssuchaslargerthanman,asaresult,themanipulatorhasbeenbroughttotheattentionofthemanydepartments,andhavebeenappliedmoreandmorewidely.

（1）Machinetoolsmachiningtheworkpieceloadingandunloading,especiallyinautomaticlathe,usecommoncombinationmachinetools.

（2）Widelyusedintheassemblyoperation,itcanbeusedtoassembleprintedcircuitboardintheelectronicsindustry,itcanbeinthemachineryindustrytoassembleparts.

（3）Canbeinworkingconditionsispoor,repetitiveeasyfatigueoftheworkenvironment,toinsteadofhumanLabour.

（4）Thedevelopmentoftheuniverseandtheocean.

（5）Militaryengineeringandbiomedicalresearchandtest.

Applicationofrobotscanreplacepeopleindull,repetitiveorheavymanualwork,torealizemechanizationandautomationofproduction,insteadofhumaninharmfulenvironmentofmanualoperation,improvelaborcondition,ensurethepersonalsafety.Inthelate1940s,theUnitedStatesinthenuclearexperiments,firstlyadoptsmanipulatorhandlingradioactivematerials,peopleinthesecurityroomtomanipulatemanipulatorforvariousoperationandexperiment.Afterthe'50s,robotsgraduallyextendedtoindustrialproductiondepartment,foruseinhightemperature,seriouspollutionoflocalleaveworkpiecesandtheloadingandunloadingmaterials,asauxiliarydeviceinthemachinetoolautomaticmachine,automaticproductionlineandprocessingcenterintheapplication,completethematerialupanddownorfromlibrariestakeputtheknivesandreplacetooloperationssuchasfixedprocedure.Manipulatorismainlycomposedofhandandmotionmechanism.Handmechanismvariesaccordingtotheusagesituationandoperationobject,thecommonareholding,holdandtheadsorptiontypeetc.Motionmechanismusuallydrivenbyhydraulic,pneumatic,electricdevices.Manipulatorcanbeachievedindependentlyofscaling,rotationandliftingmovement,generallyspeaking,thereare2~3degreesoffreedom.Robotsarewidelyusedinmachinerymanufacturing,metallurgy,lightindustryandatomicenergyetc.

Manipulatorisusedintheproductionprocessautomationwithgrabandmovetheworkpieceisakindofautomaticdevice,itisintheprocessofmechanization,automationproduction,developedanewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,withelectronictechnology,especiallythewideapplicationofelectroniccomputer,therobot'sdevelopmentandproductionhasbecomeahightechnologydevelopedrapidlyinthefieldofanemergingtechnology,itpromotedthedevelopmentofthemanipulator,makethemanipulatorcanachievebetterwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.Robotscanreplacehumansdodangerous,repeattheboringwork,reducehumanlaborintensityandimprovelaborproductivity.Manipulatorhavebeenappliedmoreandmorewidely,itcanbeusedforpartsassembledinthemachineryindustry,processingtheworkpiecehandling,loadingandunloading,especiallyontheautomaticCNCmachine,combinationmachinetoolsmorecommonuse.Atpresent,themanipulatorhasdevelopedintoaflexiblemanufacturingsystemofFMSandflexiblemanufacturingcellisanimportantcomponentofFMC.Themachinetoolequipmentandmanipulatorofaflexiblemanufacturingsystemorflexiblemanufacturingunit,itissuitableformediumandsmallbatchproduction,cansavealargeworkpiecedeliverydevice,structureiscompact,butalsohasastrongadaptability.Whentheworkpiecechanges,flexibleproductionsystemiseasytochange,isadvantageoustotheenterprisecontinuouslyupdatedmarketablevarieties,improveproductquality,betteradapttotheneedsofthemarketcompetition.Butatpresentourcountry'sindustrialrobottechnologyanditsengineeringapplicationlevelandforeignthanthereisacertaindistance,scaleandindustrializationlevelislow,researchanddevelopmentofthemanipulatorhasdirec