建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑.docx
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建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑
附录二英文原文
IntelligentBuilding
1、General
AnIntelligentBuildingisoneconceivedanddesignedwithanintegratedflexibleandmodularcommunicationcablinginfrastructurecapableofaccommodatingtheneedsofinformationintensiveusersforadvancedinformationtechnologyandservices.
Everincreasingoccupationdensitiesaswellastheexponentialdevelopmentandquasiuniversaluseofpersonalcomputerscoupledtomarketglobalizationandcommunicationcapabilities,overthepast20years,haverenderedtheIntelligentBuilding(IB)conceptapriorityconsiderationintheplanningofneworupgradedOfficebuildings.
Evolutiontowardsnewsocialpriorities,forthemoreeducatedofficeworkeroftoday,hasalsoledtosubstantialincreasesinenvironmentalissuedemandsandstandards.Socialstudiesrevealedadirectrelationshipbetweenusersatisfactionintheworkplaceandproductivity.Individualcontrolcapabilityofambientconditions,ateachworkstation,wasidentifiedasamajorelementleadingtousersatisfaction.
TechnologicaldevelopmentsandcostattenuationsthroughtechnologicaldevelopmentandproductavailabilityhavenowrenderedtheIntelligentBuildingaviableandajustifiableoptionfromastrictcosttobenefitaspect.
2、Overview
DefinitionsfortheIntelligentBuildingconceptstillvarybutthemostaccepteddescriptionistheoneproducedbytheBarcelona-basedInstitutdefonsCerdà:
“Abuildingwhichincorporatesinformationsystemsthatsupporttheflowofinformationthroughoutthebuilding,offeringadvancedservicesofbusinessautomationandtelecommunications,allowingfurthermoreautomaticcontrol,monitoringmanagementandmaintenanceofthedifferentsubsystemsorservicesofthebuildinginanoptimumandintegratedway,localand/orremote,anddesignedwithsufficientflexibilitytomakepossibleinasimpleandeconomicalwaytheimplementationoffuturesystems.”
Totheuninitiated,theperceptionofabuilding’sdegreeofintelligenceistoooftencorrelatedwiththesophisticationlevelofitsEnergyManagementandControlSystem(EMCS)anditsCommunicationssystem.However,tobeeffective,itmustalsoencompassitsmechanicalandelectricalsystemsordertominimizecostsandmaximizeefficiency.TherewouldbelittlepointindevelopingidealEMCSanditsCommunicationsystemsfortheoccupantsifHVAC,Lightingandothersystemsannotmeetandsatisfytheneedsoftheoccupants.InanewIBinstallationweshouldexpectthefollowingfeatures:
•High-speedfibreopticcommunicationnetworktrunkfordata,videoandBAS.
•FlexibleHVACsystemwithmodulardistributionand100%outdoorair
capabilitytotakeadvantageoffreecoolingaswellastoallowflushingof
thebuildingtodilutevolatileoff-gassingcontaminants;
•AdvancedintegratedEnergyManagement&ControlSystem(EMCS)
utilizingdirectdigitalcontroltechnologyforHVAC,Lighting,FireAlarmandotherbuildingsupportsystems;
•DedicatedcircuitpowerdistributionnetworkcompletewithUninterruptablePowerSupplyunits;
•Generousstandbypowergeneration;
•Highefficiencyfiltration,energyrecuperationand/orthermalstoragefeaturestoimproveindoorairqualityandenergyconsumptionperformance;
•Networkedmulti-useraccessincorporatingstructuredpasswordprotection;
•Maximumtransparencyandcommunicationcapabilitiesbetweensubsystems;
•ElectricaldesignfeaturestailoredtoIntelligentBuilding;
•IndividuallycontrolledHVACterminalunitsallowingoccupantcontrolflexibilitythroughIntelligentTerminalsControllersateachworkstation.
Inretrofitbuildingswewouldexpectvariationsoftheabovefeaturesbasedonanowningandoperatingeconomicalanalysistakingintoaccounttheexistingservicesandthebenefitsensuingthroughtheirreplacementand/orupgrade.Majorretrofits,particularlythoseinvolvingdesignsdatingback20yearsormore,aregenerallydictatedbyacombinationofthefollowing:
•Newcoderequirements,
•Updatedindoorairqualitystandards,
•Revisedenergyefficiencyguidelines,
•IncreasedinternalelectricalrequirementsassociatedtothegeneralizeduseofPCs.
•Revisedbuildinguse.
TheaveragelifecycleofmostM&Einstallationsis20yearsversusanaveragebuildinglifecycleof50years.Theseretrofits,therefore,oftendictateacompleterevampingoftheexistingM&Einstallationswellbeforethebuilding’slifecyclehasexpired.Thisfrequentlyoffersanopportunitytoupgradethebuilding’ssupportsystemstoIBstandards.
3、History
TheIBconceptsurfacedintheearly80'sandgenerallyadvocatedextensiveuseofelaboratecentralizedelectronicsystemstofacilitatecontrolofbuildingsupportandcommunicationsystemsforvoiceanddata.TheinitialconceptpromotedcommunicationnetworkstoallowcentralizedwordprocessingservicesandlimitedinteractionbetweenindividualoccupantsandtheBuildingAutomationSystemsthroughtouchtonephonestooverridelocalHVACsetpointsandlightingschedules.Buildersandownerswerepressuredtodevelopintelligentbuildings,inspiteofthehighpremiumcosts,atthattime,forprestigereasonsandforenhancedrentalpotential.
TheBuildingAutomationSystemandtheCommunicationSystemindustryaswellasotherspecializedinterestgroupssoondevelopedspecificproductsandapplicationstomeetandfacilitatetheimplementationoftheIntelligentBuildingconcept.ThesedevelopmentscoupledtotheburgeoningPersonalComputermarketdevelopmenthavesincereducedcostpremiumsdrasticallyandgreatlyimprovedtheensuingbenefitsforIntelligentBuildings.TheIBconceptisnowwellacceptedandappliedinEurope,AsiaandNorthAmerica.
4、Futuretrends
TheformerIntelligentBuildingInstitute(IBI)foundationadvocated,afewyearsago,aneedtorecognize,infuturebuildingdesigns,thetransitionfromnationaleconomiestoacombinationoflocalandglobaleconomiesandthereforetheneedtofacilitateeachemployee’saccesstoglobalcommunicationnetworks.Theypredictedthatinformationtechnologyaccesswillprovidethebiggestsingleimpetusforchangeintheofficeenvironment.Thispredictionhasnowbecomeareality.
IBIalsopredictedthatenvironmentalissuesandparticularlyIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)werebecomingaprimaryconcerninthedesignofthenewofficebuildings.Improvedairfiltrationandincreasedairchangewerepinpointedasmajorconcernsinadditiontoflexibleambientroomconditioncontrol.
OtherstudiesperformedrecentlyrevealthattheuseofPersonalEnvironmentControllersformerlycalledIntelligentTerminalControllersorhasmeasurablyincreasedoccupantsatisfactionintheworkplaceonanumberofpilotprojectinstallations.PECsareacombinationofmechanical,electricalandcontroldevicesdevelopedfortheworkstationenvironmentcontrolandconceivedtoprovidetheoccupantwiththemeanstodefineandinteractontemperaturesetpoints,airflowvolumeanddiffusionpatternsaswellaslightinglevelsaffectingproductivityandusersatisfaction.ThesestudieshaveassociatedimprovedproductiontotheuseofIntelligentTerminalsControllers.
5、IntelligentBuildingModel
TheIBmodelstructurehasbeensubdividedintosevensystemswhichmaybeinterfacedtovaryingdegrees.Thesesystemsare...
·HeatingVentilatingandAirConditioning(HVAC)system;
·LightingSystem;
·ElectricalPowerDistributionsystem;
·VerticalTransportSystem;
·SecuritySystem;
·LifeSafetySystem;
·CommunicationsSystem;
ThegeneralobjectiveoftheIntelligentBuildingSystemistoregroupcontrolofthesesubsystemsandfacilitateinterchangebetweenthemtothemaximumjustifiableextentwhilemaintainingmaximalinitialandfuturecompetitivebiddingpossibilitiesofeachcomponentaswellasallowingdependentandtimelyupgradingofeachsystemasnewtechnologiesevolveinitsparticularfield.
TheIBconceptalsoattemptstocombine,whereverpossible,thecablingnetworksforthesesubsystemsinordertominimizecostsandfacilitateintercommunicationorallowfutureupgrading.
EffortsarebeingdeployedbetweenASHRAE,IEEE,AEEandthecomputerindustrytodevelopuniversalcommunicationprotocolstandards.Itisnotexpected,however,thatuniversalstandardswillbecomearealityforanotherdecade.Thecablingstructuremustthereforebeconceivedtoaccommodatetheforeseeablerequirementswithminimaldisturbanceandcostwhenandifuniversalstandardsmaterialize.Thefavouredbackbonecommunicationcablingtechnologyatthistimefavorsfibreoptictechnology,becauseofitshighspeedcommunicationpotential.
6、FacilitiesManagement
numberoffacilitymanagementprogramsareavailableonthemarket.Theyvaryincomplexityaswellasintheirabilitytointegratecomplexsystemssuchas:
·CADdrawingrecordsoffloorandofficelayouts;
·Furnitureinventory;
·MaintenancemanagementprogramsforM&Eequipment
·Preventivemaintenanceofbuildingstructures;
·Realtimedataacquisitiononequipmentruntime;
·Dynamicenergyconsumptiontotalspertenant;
·Historicaldatastorage;
·Costcontrolandbudgetingcapabilities;
·Analyticalprograms.
TheIntelligentBuilding’sroleinthissystemistoallowcommunicationbetweentheoverallfacilitymanagementprogramandspecializedmanagementsub-programssuchastheEMCS,theM&EMaintenanceManagementorthePreventiveMaintenancetogatherdataorconveyusercomplaints.hiscommunicationflexibilityinIBinstallationsallowstheallocationofspecificmanagementsystemsonthebasisofareasofspecialization,
competenciesorindividualbuildingsofacomplexwhilemaintainingcapabilitiesforoverallcentralizationofdataandcontrol.
TheIBcommunicationcapabilitiescanalsofacilitateintercha