专八英美文学大锦集.docx
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专八英美文学大锦集
I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰•德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
①坎特伯雷故事集:
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
IITheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
2.ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
①乌托邦
5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama
(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
①浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)
②帖木耳大帝
③马耳他的犹太人
6.WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
①Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
②FourComedies:
皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies:
哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
IIIThe17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
①Epics:
失乐园
复乐园
②Dramaticpoem:
力士参孙
③论出版自由
为英国人民声辩
④我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2.JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
①ReligionaryAllegory:
天路历程
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
Artisticfeatures:
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
①Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
②SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
③Valediction:
IVThe18thCentury
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
2.SamuelJohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary=英语大词典
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
①格列佛游记(fictionalwork)
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
一个小小的建议
②书战
③木桶的故事
④一个麻布商的书信
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
①鲁宾逊漂流记
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
②
③
④
5.HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
①novels:
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
约瑟夫•安德鲁
大诗人江奈生•威尔德
爱米利亚
②plays:
一七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德在英国
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
①poems:
旅游人
荒村
②novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传
7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
①情敌
②造谣学校
8.WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
①天真之歌
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
②经验之歌
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
③天堂与地狱的婚姻
VTheRomanticPeriod
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.
TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).
“TheLakePoets”湖畔诗人,wholivedinthelakedistrict.
WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey
1.WilliamWordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
TheLakePoets)
①抒情歌谣集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)
②
Theme:
1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”
2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.
Comment:
Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey
④TheSolitaryReaper孤独的割麦女
②序曲
2.SamuelTaylorColeridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
TheLakePoets
①古舟子颂
②柯里斯塔贝尔
③忽必烈汗
Artisticfeatures:
mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory
④半夜冰霜
⑤忧郁颂
⑥抒情歌谣集(withWilliamWordsworth)
3.GeorgeGordonByron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
(拜伦式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却充满了反抗精神。
内心充满了孤独与苦闷,却又蔑视群小。
恰尔德•哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。
)
“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.
①唐•璜
恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记
该隐
②当初我们俩分别
4.PersyByssheShelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822
①PoeticDrama:
解放了的普罗米修斯
Theme:
thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression
②麦布女王
伊斯兰的反叛
钦契一家
诗辩
无神论的必要性
③Lyrics:
西风颂
Theme:
Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.
Comment:
PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.
Artisticfeatures:
Usingrerzarima(三行诗ababcbcdcdedefe…)
致云雀
5.JohnKeats约翰•济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真,真即是美”是他的著名诗句。
)
①Fourgreatodes:
希腊古瓮颂
夜莺颂
心灵颂
忧郁颂
②秋颂
Theme:
ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.
Comment:
Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.
6.JaneAusten简•奥斯丁