初中英语被动语态讲解与练习64148.docx

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初中英语被动语态讲解与练习64148.docx

初中英语被动语态讲解与练习64148

初中被动语态语法讲解

(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

如:

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)

Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:

助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。

不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:

一般现在时:

am/is/are+done

一般过去时:

was/were+done

一般将来时:

shall/will+bedone

一般过去将来时:

should/would+bedone

现在进行时:

am/is/are+being+done

过去进行时:

was/were+being+done

现在完成时:

have/has+been+done

过去完成时:

had+been+done

将来完成时:

shall/will+havebeen+done

过去将来完成时:

should/would+havebeen+done

[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1.一般现在时:

(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.

(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.

Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.

2.一般过去时:

(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.

Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.

(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.

Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten

3.一般将来时:

(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.

(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.

4.过去将来时:

(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.

(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.

5.现在进行时:

(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.

(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.

6.过去进行时:

(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.

Theroadwasbeingmended.

(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.

7.现在完成时:

(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.

Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.

8.过去完成时:

(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.

(2)Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader

(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.

Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.

(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.

Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.

(五)被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.

ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.

(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.

主语谓语宾语

→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主语谓语宾语

(2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.

→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。

3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。

如果原句主语是地名词作状语。

(七)语态转换时所注意的问题

1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词,在被动语态中用in+地点时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.

Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)

Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)

2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.

Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.

注意:

1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.

(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。

(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.

(2)Themeatwascookedforus.

(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。

这类动词有:

不及物动词+介词,如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。

(1)Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.

(2)Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

及物动词+副词:

如:

bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。

(1)Hisrequestwasturneddown.

(2)Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather

4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

如:

(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.

(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

注意:

在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.

5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。

如:

Nobodycananswerthisquestion.

误:

Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.

正:

Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。

如:

Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.

误:

Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.

正:

Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.

7.以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用bywhom放在句首:

Whowrotethestory?

误:

Whowasthestorywritten?

正:

Bywhomwasthestorywritten?

8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:

write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。

如:

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。

(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

对比:

Thebookssellwell.(主动句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)

Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)

9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:

第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:

feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?

—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

误:

Itisfeltverysoft.

(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.

误:

Thefoodistasteddelicious.

(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

误:

Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

第二,谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。

如:

(1)Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.

误:

Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.

(2)Shehadherhandburned.

误:

Herhandwashadburned.

第三,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:

takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。

如:

Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

误:

Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

第四,不及物动词没有被动语态,如:

rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.

误:

Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.

Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.

误:

Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.

第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如:

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.

误:

MyselfwastaughtEnglish.

Weloveeachother.

误:

Eachotherisloved.

10.在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如:

据说……Itissaidthat…

据报导……Itisreportedthat…

据推测……Itissupposedthat…

希望……Itishopedthat…

众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…

(1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.

(2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.

初中被动语态练习题

()1.ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()2.English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()5.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

()6.Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

()8.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()9.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()10.Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()11.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished

()12.Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

()13.Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

()14.Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

()15.-Myshoesarewornout.

A.Can'ttheybemended?

B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?

D.Can'ttheymended?

()16.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

()17.___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

()18.Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

()19.Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

()20.Where___theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

()21.Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

()22.Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow

()23.Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.

A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemend

()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.

A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt

C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt

()25.Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.

A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown

()26.Theoldstonebridge___nextweek

A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild

C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild

()27.Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.

A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept

()28.Thepot___for___hotwater

A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep

()29.Tea___inthesouthofChina.

A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow

()30.Thebridges___twoyearsago.

A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt

()31.Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather

A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung

()32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.

A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowing

C.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing

()33.Theteapot___water

A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled

()34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.

A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

()35.Oldpeoplemust___.

A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell

()36.Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.

A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareof

C.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare

()37.Theywere___atthesudden

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