英语六级阅读理解练习题四.docx

英语六级阅读理解练习题四.docx

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英语六级阅读理解练习题四

生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。

于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。

生命中，不断地有得到和失落。

于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。

然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？

记住的，是不是永远不会消失？

英语六级阅读理解练习题（四）

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Itisfashionablenowadaystotalkabout“Englishes”—surelyoneoftheleastattractiveofrecentcoinages.ButitisanindicationthatthegreatcommunityofusersofEnglisharenowconsciousofthefactthattheydonotallhaveexactlythesameaccent，orhabitofgrammarandidiom，orvocabulary.Theyhaveachoice，andtheyintendtouseit.HowdoesBritainstandinthiscomparison？

WhatistheroleoftheBritishCouncil，andotherBritisheducationalinterests？

HowdoesamajorinitiativeliketheCobuildprojectfurthertheimageofBritainabroad？

BornwithEnglish

InBritainonthewholewedonothavemuchofachoice.Wecantakestepstomodifyourlanguagealittle，andtherearesomefamousrecentexamplesoftheperilsattendingthatpolicy.Butbyandlargewejustusethelanguagethatsomehowemergesinearlydevelopmentandusuallyseemsadequateforourdailycommunicationneeds.

WeshouldneverforgetwhatanassetitistousallthatthislanguageisEnglish.EveryonewhohasEnglishasabirthrighthasaninbuilt（固有的）advantageininternationalcommunication.Notonlyarewesparedthetroubleandexpenseofmasteringthelanguagelateron，wealsohaveaccesstoamasteryofitwhichisofsuchhighqualitythatfewforeignerseverreachthesamelevel.

SuchanassetbeatsNorthSeaOilhandsdown.Itmustbeworthbillionsofpoundsayearanditisrenewedsolelybytheoperationofnormalsocialprocesses.OnlyEnglish

Therearesomedisadvantageswhichmustatleastbementioned.WeinBritainareindangerofturningthisassetintoarrogance，insularityandcomplacency.Sincethereisnocommercialpressureonustolearnanyparticularforeignlanguage，wetendasanationtobeverybadlearnersofotherlanguages.。

Thiscutsusofffromtheabilitytoappreciatefullythecultureofothers，anddeniesustheabilitytomakethewonderfuloutwardgestureofusingsomeoneelse’sownlanguage.Bothpersonallyandcommercially，mostBritishpeopledonotknowwhattheyaremissing，andourcompetitorsarewellabletotakeadvantageofthisweakness.

Busyandimportantpeoplenowadaystravelalotandfindthemselvesfrequentlyattendingmeetingsandgivingtalks，whichhavetobeinEnglishalthougheveryoneelsesharesacommonlanguage.Itwouldimprovethesituationifoneachoccasiontheunfortunatemonolingualweretogiveasimpleandsincereapology.Theoldadage（格言）»thatifyoujustspeakEnglishloudlyenougheveryonewillunderstand，istruerthaneverbefore，butisgettinglessandlesseffective.

Inpracticalterms，ofcourse，thepersonrestrictedtoEnglishcouldnotbeexpectedtospeakallsortsofotherlanguages，andthisisaninhibitingfactor—anyoneelseknowsexactlywhichlanguageisbestworthinvestingin.ButwenativespeakersofEnglishshouldalwaysbekeptconsciousofthefactthatwefrequentlyforceourfriends，customersandcolleaguesintoadisadvantageousposition.WhichEnglish？

TheEnglishlanguagehasbeensosuccessfullyexportedroundtheworldthatthenativespeakersnolongerhavecontroloverit.Theyarenowinasnowminority，forastart，andtoday’slearnersofEnglisharenotlearningitparticularlytotalktoEnglishmen，butalsototalktoeachother.Theveryfeaturesthatdistinguishnativespeakersdisqualifythemfromkeydiscussionslike“WhichisthebestEnglish？

”

TherearealotofgoodmodelsofEnglishavailable.AswellasBritishEnglishthereisAmericanEnglish，theotherworld-widemodel，。

withCanadian，Australian，NewZealandandSouthAfricanEnglishalsoavailableasprominentmodels.

AndwhatabouttheEnglishwhichisestablishedasasecondlanguageinmanyCommonwealthcountries？

IndianEnglish，WestAfricanEnglish，WestIndianEnglish，SingaporeanEnglishandothershaveadaptedtolocalcircumstancesovermanyyearsandareintheprocessofbeingre-exported.Becausetheyareusedintheeverydaylivesofmillionsofnon-nativespeakers，theyhavefeatureswhichcouldmakethemveryattractiveaspracticalalternativestoanativespeakervariety.Whennativespeakingteachersarenotwelcomepoliticallyinacountry，forexample，therewillbefoundplentyofwell-qualifiedandexperiencedcolleaguesfromsuchcountries.

Further，wearewitnessatthepresenttimetothedevelopmentofEnglishasanadditionallanguageinanumberofcommunitieswhichhaveacommonlanguagealreadyandwhichareundernopoliticalpressuretoadoptEnglish.PeoplefromScandinavia，WestGermanyandHolland，forinstance，haveEnglishavailableasamatterofcourse.Theirwayofteachingitismovingfromtheconcernsofaccesstoaforeignculture—thegreatliteratureetc.—totheprioritiesofaworkinglanguageinacommunity—howtogetthingsdone.Gradually，forinternationalmatters，itwillbemoresensibletouseEnglishratherthantranslate.Englishlanguagefilmswillnotbedubbed（配音）orsubtitledanymore.Englishlanguagejournalismwillbeeditedandreadbyforeigncommunities，andgraduallywrittenbythemalso.

VerysoontherewillbepowerfulnewmodelsofEnglishofferedtotheworld—modelswhichcanclaimtohavearisenwithouttheattentionsofnativespeakers，tohavenoneofthemystique，andyettobeusableastheprincipallanguageofexternalandpublicaffairs.Thesemodelswillderiveauthorityfromanimpressivegroupofscholarsandadministratorswhomustneverbeoverlooked—thethousandsofexpertsonEnglishandtheteachingofitwhoarenotthemselvesnativespeakers.InPractice

Practicalityisakeyfeatureofanyone’schoiceofalanguagemodel.Quiteapartfromthevariousreasonsadvancedabove，thelearnermayinanactualsituationhaveaveryrestrictedchoiceoflanguagemodels，intheavailableteachersandinaccesstomaterials.Recordedmaterialandradioandtelevisiontransmissionsofferalternatives，buttheymayconfuseasmuchasextendthechoiceavailabletothelearner.

Teachersandlearnersjusthavetomakethebestofwhatisavailabletothematthetimeandintheplacewheretheyareworking.Thesustainedeffortsofauthors，scholarsandpublishersarekeyfactorsinthestrongpresenceofBritishEnglishabroad，andinthemaintenanceofthatpresence.

Pronunciationisagoodcasewithwhichtoillustratethispoint.Throughouttheworld，learnersofBritishEnglishareaimingatapronunciationthatfewoftheirteachersuse—theReceivedPronunciation（RP）associatedwiththepublicschools.ThereasonisthatRPisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisbestdocumentedandmostreadilyavailableinteachingmaterials.Becauseofitsorigins，itisunassailableasamodelandcontributestotheelitistatmosphereoftheBritishvarietyofEnglish.

Butifweputthesecompellingargumentstooneside，andviewitdispassionately，RPisnotaveryusefulmodelofpronunciation.Ithassomeverycomplexsoundcombinations，particularlydiphthongs，anditisnotverycloselyrelatedtothespellingsystem.Unlikeothervarieties，RPspeakersmakemuchthesamenoisesayingpoor，paw，pour，andpore，anddonotdistinguishbetweenionandiron.SoitisnotthelinguisticfeaturesofRPthatgiveitsuchanappeal，butitssocialstatusand，aboveall，itsavailabilityintheclassroom.

1.GA（generalAmericanpronunciation）isbecomingmoreandmorepopularwithBritishyouth.

2.Britishnativespeakersareignorantofculturesinothercountries.

3.TheEnglishlanguageisdiverseingrammar，vocabulary，orpronunciation.

4.Englishislearnedtocommunicatewithnativespeakers.

5.RPisappealinginthatitsstatusispeculiar.

6.ItisnottroublesomeatalltosubstitutequalifiedEnglishteachersfornativespeakingteachers.

7.Choiceofalanguagemodelisdeterminedbyitspopularity.

8.NativespeakersofEnglishhaveaninnateadvantagein______communication.

9.CompetitorsofEnglishspeakersmaywelltakeadvantageoftheweakness—mostBritishpeopledonotknow______.

10.NewmodelsofEnglisharelikelytoemergewithoutthe______.

答案：

1.NG2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.N

8.international9.whattheyaremissing10.attentionsofnativespeakers

Aresomepeoplebornclever，andothersbornstupid？

Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiences？

Strangelyenough，theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth，andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand，achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson‘sintelligencearefixedatbirth，butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview，nowheldbymostexperts，canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople，theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom（任意的）fromthepopulation，

itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidentical（完全相同的）twinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters，parentsandchildren，usuallyhavesimilarintelligence，andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone，forexample，toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesininte