项目管理期末考试资料汇总.docx

项目管理期末考试资料汇总.docx

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项目管理期末考试资料汇总

Chapter1:

ModernProjectManagement

Chapter2:

OrganizationStrategyandProjectSelection

Chapter3:

Organization:

StructureandCulture

Chapter4:

DefiningtheProject

Chapter7:

ManagingRisk

Chapter10:

Leadership:

BeinganEffectiveProjectManager

Chapter11:

ManagingProjectTeams

Chapter12:

Outsourcing:

ManagingInterorganizational跨组织Relations

Chapter13:

ProgressandPerformanceMeasurementandEvaluation

Chapter17:

AnintroductiontoAgileProjectManagement

Chapter18:

ProjectManagementCareerPaths

1、ModernProjectManagement

Therearepowerfulenvironmentalforcescontributingtotherapidexpansionofprojectmanagementapproachestobusinessproblemsandopportunities.Aprojectisdefinedasanonroutine非例行,one-timeeffortlimitedbytime,resources,andperformancespecificationsdesignedtomeetcustomerneeds.Oneofthedistinguishingcharacteristicsofprojectmanagementisthatithasbothabeginningandanendandtypicallyconsistsoffourphases:

defining,planning,executing,andclosing.Effectiveprojectmanagementbeginswithselectingandprioritizing把...区分优先次序projectsthatsupportthefirm'smissionandstrategy.Successfulimplementationrequiresbothtechnicalandsocialskills.Projectmanagershavetoplanandbudgetprojectsaswellasorchestrate给...配管弦乐曲,使协调地结合在一起,精心安排thecontributionsofothers.

KeyTerms

Program：

Aprogramisagroupofrelatedprojectsdesignedtoaccomplishacommongoaloveranextendedperiodoftime.

Project:

Aprojectisatemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueproduct,service,orresult.

Projectlifecycle:

Thestagesfoundinallprojects—definition,planning,execution,anddelivery.

ProjectManagementProfessional:

项目管理专业人士资格认证AnindividualwhohasmetspecificeducationandexperiencerequirementssetforthbytheProjectManagementInstitute,hasagreedtoadheretoacodeofprofessionalconduct,andhaspassedanexaminationdesignedtoobjectivelyassessandmeasureprojectmanagementknowledge.Inaddition,aPMPmustsatisfy符合,达到continuingcertificationrequirementsorlosethecertification.

Chapter1Outline

1.WhatIsaProject?

Aprojectisatemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueproduct,service,orresult.

A.WhataProjectIsNot;B.TheProjectLifeCycle;C.TheProjectManager

2.TheImportanceofProjectManagement

A.CompressionoftheProductLifeCycleB.GlobalCompetitionC.KnowledgeExplosion

D.CorporateDownsizingE.IncreasedCustomerFocusF.SmallProjectsRepresentBigProblems

ProjectManagementToday—AnIntegrativeApproach一个综合性的方法

A.IntegrationofProjectswiththeStrategicPlan

B.IntegrationwithintheProcessofManagingActualProjects

第一章

1.Theadventofprojectmanagementhasbeenmostprofoundin

AAutomobilemanufacturingBConstructionCInformationtechnologyDTheU.S.DepartmentofDefenseEFilmmaking

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredtobeacharacteristicofaproject?

AAnestablishedobjectiveBAclearbeginningandendCComplextasksDOnlyforinternaluseENeverbeendonebefore

3.Fromamongthefollowingactivities,whichisthebestexampleofaproject?

AProcessinginsuranceclaimsBProducingautomobilesCWritingatermpaper

DCompletingacollegedegreeEAllofthesearegoodexamplesofprojects

4.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotoneofthestagesofaprojectlifecycle?

AConceptualizingBDefiningCPlanningDExecutingEDelivering

5.Inwhichofthefollowingstagesareprojectobjectivesestablished,teamsformed,andmajorresponsibilitiesassigned?

AConceptualizingBDefiningCPlanningDExecutingEDelivering

6.Inwhichofthefollowingstagesareyoumorelikelytofindstatusreports,manychanges,andthecreationofforecasts?

AConceptualizingBDefiningCPlanningDExecutingEDelivering

7.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotoneofthedrivingforcesbehindtheincreasingdemandforprojectmanagement?

ACompressionoftheproductlifecycleBKnowledgeexplosionCDevelopmentofthirdworldandclosedeconomiesDMoreemphasisontheproductandlessonthecustomer

ECorporatedownsizing

8.Projectmanagementisideallysuitedforabusinessenvironmentrequiringallofthefollowingexcept

AAccountability对客户BFlexibility灵活CInnovation创新DSpeed速度ERepeatability可重复性

9.Whichofthefollowingisthenumberonecharacteristicthatislookedforinmanagementcandidates?

AOverallintelligenceBWorkswellwithothersCExperience

DPastsuccessesEGoodreferences

10.Acommonruleofthumb拇指，翻阅,示意要求搭车（一般规律）intheworldofhigh-techproductdevelopmentisthatasix-monthprojectdelaycanresultinalossofproductrevenueshareof___percent.

A10B20C33D45E50

11.Integrationofprojectmanagementwiththeorganizationtakesplacewith发生与the

AMasterbudgetBStrategyplanCProcessofmanagingactualprojectsDBothbandcarecorrectEA,B,andCareallcorrect

12.Whichoftheseisnotpartofthe"technicaldimension"ofprojectmanagement?

AWBSBBudgetsCProblemsolvingDSchedulesEStatusreports

13.Corporatedownsizinghasincreasedthetrendtoward

AReducingthenumberofprojectsacompanyinitiatesBOutsourcingsignificantsegments分部ofprojectworkCUsingdedicatedprojectteamsDShorterprojectleadtimes

ELongerprojectleadtimes

14.Aseriesofcoordinated,related,multipleprojectsthatcontinueoverextended长期的,广大的,伸展的timeintendedtoachieveagoalisknownasa

AStrategyBProgramCCampaignDCrusadeEVenture

15.From1994to2009thetrendforprojectslateoroverbudgetwas:

ASignificantlybetterBSlightlybetterCAboutthesame

DSlightlyworseESignificantlyworse

2、OrganizationStrategyandProjectSelection

Multiplecompetingprojects,limitedskilledresources,dispersedvirtualteams分散的虚拟团队,timetomarketpressures,andlimitedcapitalserve有限的资金服务asforcesfortheemergenceofprojectportfolio项目组合managementthatprovidestheinfrastructureformanagingmultipleprojectsandlinkingbusinessstrategywithprojectselection.Themostimportantelementofthissystemisthecreationofarankingsystemthatutilizesmultiplecriteriathatreflectthemissionandstrategyofthefirm.Itiscriticaltocommunicateprioritycriteriatoallorganizationalstakeholderssothatthecriteriacanbethesourceofinspirationfornewprojectideas.

Everysignificantprojectselectedshouldberankedandtheresultspublished.Seniormanagementmusttakeanactiveroleinsettingprioritiesandsupportingtheprioritysystem.优先系统Goingaroundtheprioritysystem绕过优先系统willdestroyitseffectiveness.Theprojectpriorityteam项目优先团队needstoconsistofseasonedmanagers经验丰富的管理者whoarecapableofaskingtoughquestions棘手的问题anddistinguishingfactsfromfiction区分事实与虚构.Resources（people,equipment,andcapital）formajorprojectsmustbeclearlyallocatedandnotconflictwithdailyoperationsorbecomeanoverloadtask超负荷的工作.

Thepriorityteamneedstoscrutinize审议significantprojectsintermsofnotonlytheirstrategicvaluebutalsotheirfitwiththeportfolio文件夹,公事包,作品集,投资组合,（大臣或）部长职务ofprojectscurrentlybeingimplemented.Highlyrankedprojectsmaybedeferred推迟,延期,使延期入伍；顺从,把…委托给他人oreventurneddowniftheyupsetthecurrentbalanceamongrisks,resources,andstrategicinitiatives.Projectselectionmustbebasednotonlyonthemerits功绩ofthespecificprojectbutalsoonwhatitcontributestothecurrentprojectportfoliomix目前项目产品组合.Thisrequiresaholistic整体的,全盘的approachtoaligningprojectswith配合organizationalstrategyandresources.

Theimportanceofaligningprojectswith配合organizationstrategycannotbeoverstated.Wehavediscussedtwotypesofmodelsfoundinpractice.Checklist清单modelsareeasytodevelopandarejustifiedprimarilyonthebasisofflexibilityacrossdifferentdivisionsandlocations.Unfortunately,questionnairechecklistmodelsdonotallowcomparison比较oftherelativevalue（rank）ofalternativeprojectsincontributingtowardorganizationstrategy.Thelatteristhemajorreasontheauthorsprefermulti-weightedscoringmodels多加权评分模型.Thesemodelskeepprojectselectionhighlyfocusedonalignmentwith配合organizationstrategy.Weightedscoringmodelsrequiremajoreffortinestablishingthecriteria标准,尺度,准则andweights.

KeyTerms

Implementationgap执行差距:

Thelackofconsensus一致,同意,共识betweenthegoalssetbytopmanagementandthoseindependentlysetbylowerlevelsofmanagement.Thislackofconsensus一致,同意,共识leadstoconfusionandpoorallocationoforganizationresources.

Netpresentvalue:

净现值Aminimumdesiredrateofreturndiscount（e.g.,15percent）isusedtocomputepresentvalueofallfuturecashinflowsandoutflows.

Organizationpolitics组织政治:

Actionsbyindividualsorgroupsofindividualstoacquire,develop,andusepowerandotherresourcestoobtainpreferred宁可,较喜欢,提出（控告）outcomeswhenthereisuncertaintyordisagreementoverchoices.

Payback投资回收率,偿还:

Thetimeittakestopaybacktheprojectinvestment（investment/netannualsavings投资/每年净储蓄）.Themethoddoesnotconsiderthetimevalueofmoneyorthelifeoftheinvestment.

Prioritysystem优先系统:

Theprocessusedtoselectprojects.Thesystemusesselectedcriteriaforevaluatingandselectingprojectsthatarestronglylinkedtohigher-levelstrategiesandobjectives.

Priorityteam优先级队:

Thegroup（sometimestheprojectoffice）responsibleforselecting,overseeing,andupdatingprojectpriorityselectioncriteria.

Projectportfolio项目组合:

Groupofprojectsthathavebeenselectedforimplementationbalancedbyprojecttype,risk,andrankingbyselectedcriteria.

Projectscreeningmatrix项目筛选矩阵:

Amatrixusedtoassessandcomparetherelativevalueofprojectsbeingconsideredforimplementation.

Sacredcow圣牛:

Aprojectthatisafavoriteofa