雅思阅读精读提升阅读成绩的不二法门.docx
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雅思阅读精读提升阅读成绩的不二法门
雅思阅读精读：
提升阅读成绩的不二法门
雅思阅读精读：
提升阅读成绩的不二法门
认真选择精读文章，只需10篇剑桥文章，你的成绩就可以在7.5以上。
（前提是你不是流于形式，而是走心的）闲的蛋疼的学霸可以精读个30篇，8.5以上妥妥的。
我一直认为精读最大的目的在于四点：
生词+学科核心生词;每道题涉及解题的同义替换;长难句的不回读训练;段落中心句位置+文章构架的积累训练与开悟体验
雅思阅读精读1.生词+学科核心生词
学生公认精读来扫清阅读单词死角是再合适不过的了，尤其精读了几篇生物类文章，再答生物类全都认识了。
比如C7蚂蚁智能里面的forage/scout/bearing/odour等词，精读过少量生物类文章，再去做OG上的swarm之类的文章就非常easy了，通篇可以快速读懂，准确定位，正确率超高。
再如精读过C9的金星凌日，天文类词汇基底你就get到了，什么日食月食轨道运行太阳黑子与光斑，只要考试出了天文类，百分之75以上的基底词汇你都是认识的，答题就自如多了。
雅思阅读精读2.每道题涉及解题的同义替换
刚好写了个回答关于：
雅思阅读每次大概定位准确了，但是精准的定位总是偏差一点，怎么破?
!
?
粗定位一个定位词，全文没准儿30多处，俗话说：
两点定一线，你的关键词/定位词，至少要画两个以上还要全都找到。
我一般建议学生“抓三点”“抓四点”“抓五点”，题配句，词换词，细定位就是要找至少两三个换的词。
说到底，同义替换词这个事情，还是要多多积累的，比积累词汇量在雅思阅读中，还要重要。
所以单词量达到瓶颈以后，要做的是背“同义替换词表”
雅思阅读精读3.长难句的不回读训练
忘了是哪个老师跟我说过：
三行以上必出题。
N个学生的反馈都是：
长难句读到后半句，前面就忘了度过了什么。
OR单词都认识，就是读文章速度太慢。
当年考GMAT看过一本《GMAT长难句练习》，里面提到了”打死我也不回读”这个方法，一直分享给学生，效果反馈很棒。
里面说：
只要每天练习五个长难句不回读训练，看到大长句子，习惯性切割主谓宾，一周就会看到效果。
本来想着不就是主谓宾嘛，结果练了十多天，读题速度有了飞跃性的提升。
长难句再也不是问题，看到就自动读主谓宾，这就可以轻松记住意思，读下面句子的时候，逻辑就形成了非常舒服的衔接。
如果有题在句子中，再去精读也不迟。
雅思阅读精读4.段落中心句位置+文章构架的积累训练与开悟体验
LOH（ListofHeadings）和段落信息配对，怎么做，主要靠精读的这个步骤。
LOH做多了，自然有了feel，首句中心句?
末句中心句?
转折中心句?
这就不细说了，做多了就知道。
段落信息配对题，俗称断子绝孙题，因为无序且恶心，同义替换幅度较大，有时候需要通读全文。
我却始终坚信“预测乃解决断子绝孙题的直通车”。
只要精读了，你就会发现，原来文章各个部位都有暗示你过，那么下次如果你没读原文直接做__G你要怎么“蒙题”，精读多了你就懂了。
BTW，精读之前，务必掐着时间做题，剑桥文章有限珍贵，不能上来直接精读，不要浪费掐时间的机会!
雅思阅读素材积累：
Nowyouknow
雅思阅读：
Nowyouknow
Whenshouldyouteachchildren,andwhenshouldyouletthemexplore?
ITISoneoftheoldestdebatesineducation.Shouldteacherstellpupils
thewaythingsareorencouragethemtofindoutforthemselves?
Telling
children“truths"abouttheworldhelpsthemlearnthosefactsmorequickly.Yet
theefficientlearningofspecificfactsmayleadtotheassumptionthatwhen
theadulthasfinishedteaching,thereisnothingfurthertolearn—becauseif
therewere,theadultwouldhavesaidso.AstudyjustpublishedinCognitionby
ElizabethBonawitzoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andPatrickShafto
oftheUniversityofLouisville,inKentucky,suggeststhatistrue.
DrBonawitzandDrShaftoarrangedfor85four-andfive-year-oldstobe
presented,duringavisittoamuseum,withanoveltoythatlookedlikea
tangleofcolouredpipesandwascapableofdoingmanydifferentthings.They
wantedtoknowwhetherthewaythechildrenplayedwiththetoydependedonhow
theywereinstructedbytheadultwhogaveittothem.
Onegroupofchildrenhadastrictlypedagogicalintroduction.The
experimentersaid"Lookatmytoy!
Thisismytoy.I'mgoingtoshowyouhowmy
toyworks."Shethenpulledayellowtubeoutofapurpletube,creatinga
squeakingsound.Followingthis,shesaid,"Wow,seethat?
Thisishowmytoy
works!
"andthendemonstratedtheeffectagain.
Withasecondgroupofchildren,theexperimenteracteddifferently.She
interruptedherselfafterdemonstratingthesqueakbysayingshehadtogoand
writesomethingdown,thussuggestingthatshemightnothavefinishedthe
demonstration.Withathirdgroup,sheactivatedthesqueakasifbyaccident.
Toafourth,thetoywassimplypresentedwiththecomment,"Wow,seethistoy?
Lookatthis!
"
Afterthesevariedintroductions,thechildrenwereleftwiththetoyand
allowedtoplay.Theymightdiscoverthat,aswellasthesqueaker,thetoyhad
abuttoninsideonetubewhichactivatedalight,akeypadthatplayedmusical
notes,andaninvertingmirrorinsideoneofthetubes.Allthechildrenwere
toldtolettheexperimenterknowwhentheyhadfinishedplayingandwereasked
bytheinstructoriftheyweredoneiftheystoppedplayingformorethanfive
consecutiveseconds.Theentireinteractionwasrecordedonvideo.
Footageofeachchildplayingwaspassedtoaresearchassistantwhowas
ignorantofthepurposeofthestudy.Theassistantwasaskedtorecordthe
totalplayingtime,thenumberofdifferentactionsthechildperformed,the
timespentplayingwiththesqueak,andthenumberofotherfunctionsthechild
discovered.
Theupshotwasthatchildreninthefirstgroupspentlesstimeplaying
（119seconds）thanthoseinthesecond（180seconds）,thethird（133seconds）or
thefourth（206seconds）.Thoseinthefirstgroupalsotriedoutfourdifferent
actions,onaverage.Theotherstried5.3,5.9and6.2,respectively.Asimilar
pattern（0.7,1.3,1.2and1.2）pertainedtothenumberoffunctionsotherthan
thesqueakthatthechildrenfound.
Theresearchers'conclusionwasthat,inthecontextofstrangetoysof
unknownfunction,priorexplanationdoes,indeed,inhibitexplorationand
discovery.Generalisingfromthatwouldbeambitious.Butitsuggeststhat
furtherresearchmightbequiteagoodidea
雅思阅读素材积累：
Whoselostdecade?
Japan'seconomyworksbetterthanpessimiststhink—atleastforthe
elderly.
THEJapanesesaytheysufferfromaneconomicdiseasecalled"structural
pessimism".Overseastoo,thereisatendencytoseeJapanasaharbingerofall
thatisdoomedintheeconomiesoftheeurozoneandAmerica—eventhoughfigures
releasedonNovember14thshowitseconomygrewbyanannualised6%inthethird
quarter,reboundingquicklyfromtheMarchtsunamiandnucleardisaster.
LookdispassionatelyatJapan'seconomicperformanceoverthepastten
years,though,and"thesecondlostdecade",ifnotthefirst,isamisnomer.
MuchofwhattarnishesJapan'simageistheresultofdemography—morethanhalf
itspopulationisover45—aswellasitspoorpolicyindealingwithit.Even
so,mostJapanesehavegrownricheroverthedecade.
Inaggregate,Japan'seconomygrewathalfthepaceofAmerica'sbetween
2022年and2022年.YetifjudgedbygrowthinGDPperpersonoverthesameperiod,
thenJapanhasoutperformedAmericaandtheeurozone（seechart1）.Inpart
thisisbecauseitspopulationhasshrunkwhereasAmerica'spopulationhas
increased.
ThoughgrowthinlabourproductivityfellslightlyshortofAmerica'sfrom
2022年to2022年,totalfactorproductivity,ameasureofhowacountryusescapital
andlabour,grewfaster,accordingtotheTokyo-basedAsianProductivity
Organisation.Japan'sunemploymentrateishigherthanin2022年,yetitremains
abouthalfthelevelofAmericaandEurope（seechart2）.
Besidessupposedstagnation,thetwoothercursesoftheJapaneseeconomy
aredebtanddeflation.Yetthesealsopartlyreflectdemographyandcanbe
overstated.PeopleoftenthinkofJapanasanindebtedcountry.Infact,itis
theworld'sbiggestcreditornation,boasting￥253trillion（$3.3trillion）in
netforeignassets.
Tobesure,itsgovernmentisalargedebtor;itsnetdebtasashareof
GDPisoneofthehighestintheOECD.However,thepublicdebthasbeenaccrued
notprimarilythroughwastefulspendingor"bridgestonowhere",butbecauseof
ageing,saystheIMF.Social-securityexpendituredoubledasashareofGDP
between1990and2022年topayrisingpensionsandhealth-carecosts.Overthe
sameperiodtaxrevenueshaveshrunk.
Fallingtaxrevenuesareaproblem.Theflipside,though,isthatJapan
hasthelowesttaxtakeofanycountryintheOECD,atjust17%ofGDP.That
givesitplentyofroomtomanoeuvre.TakatoshiIto,aneconomistatthe
UniversityofTokyo,saysincreasingtheconsumptiontaxby20percentagepoints
fromitscurrent5%—puttingitatthelevelofahigh-taxEuropeancountry—would
raise￥50trillionandimmediatelywipeoutJapan'sfiscaldeficit.
Thatsoundsdraconian.Buthereagain,demographyplaysarole.Officials
saytheelderlyresisthighertaxesorbenefitcuts,andtheyoung,whoareina
minority,donothavethepoliticalpowertopushforwhatisintheirlong-term
interest.DavidWeinstein,professorofJapaneseeconomyatColumbiaUniversity
inNewYork,saystheelderlywouldrathergivemoneytotheirchildrenthanpay
itintaxes.Ultimatelythatmaymeanthatbenefitsmayshrinkinthefuture.
"Ifyouwantbenefitstogrowinlinewithincome,astheyarenow,youneeda
massiveincreaseintaxesofabout10%ofGDP,"hesays.
DemographyhelpsexplainJapan'sstubborndeflation,too,hesays.After
all,fallingpricesgivesavers—mostofwhomareelderly—positiverealyields
evenwhennominalinterestratesareclosetozero.Upuntilnow,holding
governmentbondshasbeenagoodbet.Domesticsaversremainwillingtoroll
themover,whichenablesthegovernmenttofunditsdeficits.Yetthiscomesat
acosttotherestoftheeconomy.
Inshort,Japan'seconomyworksbetterforthosemiddle-agedandolderthan
itdoesfortheyoung.Butitisnotyetincrisis,andeconomistssaythereis
plentyitcoulddotoraiseitspotentialgrowthrate,aswellastolowerits
debtburden.
LastweekendYoshihikoNoda,theprimeminister,tookabraveshotat
promotingreformwhenhesaidJapanplannedtostartconsultationstowards
joiningtheTrans-PacificPartnership.ThisisanAmerican-backedfree-trade
zonethatcouldleadtoaloweringoftariffsonahugeswathofgoodsand
services.Predictablyitiselderlyfarmers,doctorsandsmallbusinessmenwho
aremostagainstit.
Reformstootherareas,suchasthetaxandbenefitsystem,mightbeeasier
ifthegovernmentcouldtelltheJapaneseadifferentstory:
notthattheir
economyismiredinstagnation,butthatitsperformancereflectstheupsand
downsofanageingsociety,andthattheoldaswellastheyoungneedtomake
sacrifices.
Thetroubleisthatthedownbeatnarrativeisdeeplyingrained.Thecurrent
cropofleadingJapanesepoliticians,bureaucratsandbusinessmenarethemselves
wellpastmiddleage.Manythinktheyhavesacrificedenoughsincetheglory
daysofthe1980s,whenJapan'seconomyseemedu
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