中考英语常考易错知识点.docx
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中考英语常考易错知识点
中考常考易错题总结
一：
易混动词
1. 几种“耗费”:
spend,take,pay,cost
（1）spend多用人作主语,后接金钱或时间。
spend...on sth/ （in）doing sth。
如:
I spent 15 yuan on this new book.
买这本新书我花了15元。
（2）take惯用于
“It takes sb some time to do sth”句型中。
如:
It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.
我每天骑车去学校要花半小时。
（3）pay常与for连用,表“付给……款”。
如:
I paid 15 yuan for this new book.
（4）cost惯用物作主语,表“价值或耗费多少钱”。
如：
This new book costs me 15 yuan.
2. 几种“看”:
look,see,watch,read,find
look看,表动作,look at。
see看见,表成果;也可说看电影“see a film”。
watch观看比赛、表演、电视等。
read读书看报等文字材料。
3. 几种与“看”关于词或词组:
look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to
look for寻找,表过程。
find发现,找到,表成果。
find out找出,查明。
look after, take care of 均表达“照看,照顾”。
look over检查、翻阅等。
look forward to盼望……,期待……。
4. 几种“说”:
say, speak, talk, tell
（1）say用作及物动词或不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,侧重说内容;say用作不及物动词时,不涉及所说内容。
如:
Please say it in English.这个请用英语说。
It's hard to say.很难说。
Easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难。
say之后普通跟直接引语、间接引语或宾语从句。
如:
The teacher said,“Please look at me.”教师说:
“请看着我”。
Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.教师说地球环绕太阳运营。
具有say固定搭配和常用句型有:
say to oneself自言自语;
say“Hi/Hello”to sb.向某人问好;
have nothing to say to对……无话可说;
say a good word for sb.为某人说好话;
They say... / It's said... （据说……）;
That is to say那就是说。
（2）speak常指能说某种语言,打电话时惯用它表达说话,也有“演讲”意思,不强调说话内容。
如:
We can speak Chinese and English.
咱们可以说汉语和英语。
May I speak to Henry?
我可以和亨利发言吗?
He will speak at the meeting tonight.
她将在今晚会议上发言。
（3）talk用作不及物动词,作“说话”讲时与speak可以互换使用。
作“交谈”讲时,普通与介词to / with连用。
如:
The baby can't talk yet.
那个婴儿还不会发言。
They often talk in English.
她们经惯用英语交谈。
I'd like to talk to her.
我想和她谈一谈。
talk用作名词时,可以与动词have一起构成短语“have a talk with”,意思是“和……谈一谈”。
如:
May I have a talk with you?
我可以和你谈一谈吗?
含talk短语、固定搭配和句型常用有:
talk to/with sb.和某人谈话;
talk about谈论;
have a talk with sb.和某人谈话/谈一谈;
talk of谈到/讲到;
talk out说完
（4）tell用作及物动词,意思是“讲、说”,指说实话,说出事实真相,讲故事等。
如:
My mother often tells me stories.
妈妈经常给我讲故事。
Please tell me the truth.
请告诉我事实真相。
The boy never tells lies.
那个孩子从不说谎。
Nobody can tell how the Pyramids were built.
没有人能说出金字塔是如何建成。
tell表达命令时,作“叫、告诉”讲,常用句型是“tell sb to do sth.”,意思是“叫/告诉某人做某事”。
如:
Tell him to come to my office.
叫/告诉她到我办公室来。
Tell them not to look out of the window.
叫她们不要向窗外望。
具有tell短语、固定搭配和惯用句型有:
tell sb. a story给某人讲故事;
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事状况;
tell sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事;
tell a lie说谎;
tell the truth说实话。
5. 几种“穿,戴”:
put on,wear,dress（up）
put on指“穿上、戴上”,强调动作,代词放在中间。
wear指“穿着,戴着”,表达状态。
dress指“给某人穿衣服”,其宾语是人。
dress up 指“穿上盛装,打扮”。
6. 几种“到达”:
reach,arrive in/at,get to
reach是及物动词,它背面可以直接跟表达地点名词作宾语。
arrive是不及物动词,背面接表达地点名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at（在国家和较大都市或地区前用in,较小地方或单位前用at）。
get to表达到达,多用于口语中。
注意:
当表达到达here,there,home时,arrive或get后不要加介词。
7. 几种“带、拿”:
bring,take,get,carry
bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”。
take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到”。
get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来。
carry不强调动作来去方向,只阐明动作方式,表达“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义。
8. 几种与“听”关于词或词组:
listen to,hear,hear of,hear from
listen to 听……,表达听动作。
hear听见,听到,表达到果。
hear of 据说……。
hear from收到某人信息或来信。
9. beat和win
beat表达“赢”或“打败”,背面要接被打败对手。
win用作及物动词时,背面接不是被打败对手,而是比赛自身、游戏、战争、名次等。
10. rise和raise
rise是不及物动词,表达“上升、提高、增长”等。
raise是及物动词,表达“举起、抬起”。
11. borrow,lend和keep
borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西,常与介词from连用。
lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人,常与介词to连用。
keep表达“保存”,与表达一段时间时间状语连用。
12. receive和accept
receive意思是“收到了……”,只表达收到某物,并不表白批准或不批准接受含义。
accept表达“接受……”,“批准接纳……”,如接受物体、邀请、批评等。
如:
He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.
她收到了她邀请,并且不久乐地接受了。
13. answer与reply
answer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听电话”等,多作及物动词。
reply意为“回答、答复”,是不及物动词,后需加介词to,at等再加宾语。
14. wish，hope与expect
hope指主观上愿望,但在客观上不一定有实现也许性,常接that从句、动词不定式或以介词for引出短语。
expect着重指客观上有也许实现“期待、盼望”等,其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句。
Wishsbtodosth
15. lie和lay
lie有各种意思:
表达“躺;位于”时,其变化是lay,lain,lying;表达“说谎”时,其变化是lied,lied,lying。
lay含义是“放置、产卵”等。
其变化是laid,laid,laying。
二：
当前完毕时与普通过去式区别
它们所示动作都发生在过去,但两者又有区别:
普通过去时表达过去某个时间发生事、存在状态或经常发生动作,说话侧重点在于陈述一件过去事情,与当前没关于系;当前完毕时表达与当前关于系发生在过去动作,它不与表达明确过去时间状语（如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等）连用。
如:
—These farmers have been to the United States.
——这些农民去过美国了。
—Really?
When did they go there?
——真吗?
她们什么时候去?
—Have you finished your homework?
——你完毕作业了吗?
—Yes,I did it a moment ago.
——是,我刚刚做。
三：
常考词组
A）词组have/has been in/to与have/has gone to区别
“have/has gone to+地点”表达“某人去了某地（尚未回来）”,指主语所指人不在这儿。
“have/has been in+地点”表达“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表达时间段状语连用。
“have/has been to+地点”表达“曾经去过某地（但当前已不在那儿）”。
如:
My father isn't at home. He has gone to Beijing.
我爸爸不在家,她去北京了。
I have been in Beijing for 10 years.我待在北京十年了。
I have been to that city,and I don't want to go there again.
我去过那座都市了,我不想再去了。
B）would rather与prefer to
（1）would rather相称于一种情态动词,背面跟不带to动词不定式构成句型:
would rather do sth.,意为“宁可/愿做……。
”其否定构造为:
would rather not do sth.,意思是“宁可/愿不做……”。
如:
They would rather use colors like orange and yellow.
她们宁愿使用像橙色和黄色这样颜色。
I'd rather not tell you about it.
关于这件事我不肯告诉你。
would rather与than连用时,than前、后连接两个平衡构造,意为“宁愿……而不肯......;与其……不如……。
”如:
I'd rather go shopping in Sunshine Town than in Moonlight Town.我宁愿去阳光城购物,也不肯去月光城。
I'd rather put the picture on my home page than show it to everyone.
我宁愿把照片放在家庭网页上,而不肯把它给每个人看。
（2） 动词prefer用作及物动词时,之后普通跟名词/动名词作宾语,再加to加名词/动名词,即“prefer A to B”构造,意为“喜欢A赛过B;宁愿A不肯B”。
如:
I prefer modern drama to Beijing Opera.我喜欢话剧赛过京剧。
I prefer walking to jogging.
我宁愿散步而不肯慢跑。
有时“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.”构造可以与“would rather do sth. than do sth.”构造互换使用。
如:
I prefer singing to dancing.
我宁愿唱歌不肯跳舞。
（=I'd rather sing than dance.）
注意:
“prefer A to B”与“prefer A rather than B”有时可以互换使用。
如:
I prefer fish to chicken.我宁愿吃鱼不肯吃鸡。
该句相称于:
I prefer fish rather than chicken.
四：
瞬间动词与延续性动词区别
瞬间性动词表达短暂、不能持续一段时间动作,如:
come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go等。
瞬间性动词不能与表达一段时间状语连用。
持续性动词表达能持续一段时间动作,如:
work, stay,live,learn,read,write,wait等，可以与表达一段时间状语连用 。
例如:
她已经离开沈阳一种月了。
误:
She has left Shenyang for a month.
正:
She has been away from Shenyang for a month.
但是瞬间动词否定构造可以与表达一段时间状语连用,阐明某动作不发生状态可以持续一段时间。
如:
She often goes on business. But she hasn't left Shenyang for a month.她经常出差办事,但她已经一种月没离开沈阳了。
提分方略
英语动词“时态”是谓语动词表达动作发生时各种形式。
中考英语试题常考动词辨析用法和惯用时态,即:
普通当前时、普通过去时、普通将来时、当前进行时和当前完毕时五种时态是考查重点。
动词时态判断技巧如下:
1.依照时间状语与时态相应关系拟定期态
动词特定期态经常与特定期间状语联系在一起,如由this time yesterday可知用过去进行时;由so far,in the past three years,till now可知要用完毕时,等等。
【例1】
—Are you surprised at the ending of the movie?
—No,because I the story.
A. readB. will read
C. have read D. was reading
【解析】考查动词时态。
句意:
你对影片结尾感到惊讶吗?
不,由于我读过这个故事。
依照句意句子应用当前完毕时,故选C。
【答案】C
【例2】Dad the USA in two weeks.
A. is leave forB. leaves for
C. is leaving forD. left for
【解析】考查动词时态。
“in+时间段”是普通将来时标志,leave等表达地点位置转移动词进行时态可以表达将来含义。
故选C。
【答案】 C
2.依照固定句型与动词时态间相应关系拟定期态
在英语中,不少句型与某些动词在时态运用方面都存在着特定相应关系。
如:
（1）在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句中用will表达普通将来时;
（2）was/were about to do... when...或was/were doing... when...或was/were on the point of doing... when...句型中,when分句谓语动词用普通过去时;
（3）主将从现原则。
即：
如果主句是普通将来时，那么时间和条件状语从句用普通当前时。
【例1】
If farmers trees and forests,giant pandas nowhere to live.
A. cut down;have B. will cut down;will have
C. will cut don;have D. cut down;will have
【解析】考查主句与从句时态。
if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用普通将来时,从句用普通当前时,因此选D。
【答案】D
【例2】
What you when the captain came in?
A. are;doing B. did;do C. were;doing
【解析】考查过去进行时态。
依照时间状语从句“when the captain came in”可知句意为:
队长来时候你在干什么?
时间状语为普通过去时态,因此主句要用过去进行时态,故选C。
【答案】C
3.动词短语
动词+副词构成动词短语相称于及物动词或不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,如果是代词做宾语话,必要把代词放在动词和副词之间。
动词短语比较复杂,需要熟记。
【例】
Smoking is bad for your health. You'd better .
A. set it up B. give it up
C. pick it up D. look it up
【解析】考查动词短语用法。
该句表达建议,由于抽烟有害,建议放弃,不是建立、拾起或查找。
故选B。
【答案】B
4.依照上下语境来拟定期态
在绝大多数状况下,动词时态是由上下文来决定,这就规定咱们一方面要熟记各种时态合用范畴,另一方面规定咱们注意上下文提示。
【例】
—What does Tom's uncle do?
—He is a teacher. He physics at a school now.
A. will teachB. has taughtC. teachesD. taught
【解析】考查动词时态。
句意:
——汤姆叔叔是干什么?
——她是一名教师。
她当前在一所学校教物理。
”依照问句时态以及时间状语now可以判断用普通当前时。
故选C。
【答案】C
专项训练
1. Tom there for 10 months since he back to his hometown.
A. has lived;gets B. has lived;got
C. lived;go D. lived;has got
2. —Where is your father?
—He Shanghai on business for several days.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. has been in D. has left for
3. —Do you know the young man well?
—Sure,we friends since we met in Nanjing three years ago.
A. have been B. were
C. have madeD. have become
4. —Let's go to Yang Meikeng to enjoy the cool wind, ?
—Good idea. But I am afraid we can't go there if it .
A. will you;rains B. will you;will rain
C. shall we;will rainD. shall we;rains
5. Mr Black Shanghai this afternoon. Do you know when the earliest plane to Shanghai ?
A. is leaving for;takes off
B. will leave;takes off
C. is leaving for;is taking off
D. will leave;is taking off
6. Tim will call me as soon as he my package.
A. receive B. will receive
C. receivedD. receives
7.—Dear,you need to to go to university at home or go abroad.
—OK,Mum. I am considering it.
A. make an appointment
B. make a suggestion
C. make a decision
8. Don't up English. It's very useful.
A. give B. hurry C. stay
9. I need a new jacket. This one doesn't the cold.
A. help outB. take away
C. keep outD. give away
10.We have to our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain.
A. take offB. get off
C. put offD. set off
11.Chinese people keep pigs for food. But now some people keep them as pets.
A. used to B. has to C. had better
12. your name on the paper and you can get a gift.
A. Cut downB. Look down
C. Turn downD. Put down
13. He failed in the basketball match and looks sad. Let's .
A. put him up B. set him up
C. cheer him upD. clean him up
14.The sports meeting will be because of the bad weather.
A. put onB. put off
C. put upD. put down
【答案与解析】
1. B 解析：
考查动词时态用法。
由连词since引导时间状语从句应当用普通过去时态，主句要用当前完毕时态。
故选B。
2. C 解析：
考查have/has been in用法。
A项到某地去过;B项到某地去了;C项到
升级会员 