实验班提优训练.docx
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实验班提优训练
八、情态动词和虚拟语气
I.情态动词基本用法
情态动词
用法
否定式
疑问式
简答式
can
能力(体力,智力,技能)
允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中)
cannot/cannot/can’tdo
Can…do…?
Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
could
couldn’tdo
may
可以(问句中表示请求)
可能,或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)
maynotdo
May…do…?
Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
might
mightnotdo
Might…do…?
Yes,…might
No,…mightnot.
must
必须,应该(表主观要求)
肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)
mustnot/mustn’tdo
Must…do…?
Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’thave
haveto
只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态和人称的变化)
don’thavetodo
Do…havetodo…?
Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
oughtto
应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用should)
oughtnotto/oughtn’ttodo
Ought…todo…?
Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
shall
用于一三人称征求对方意见
用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等
shallnot/shan’tdo
Shall…do…?
Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
should
应当,应该(表义务责任)
本该(含有责备意味)
shouldnot/shouldn’tdo
Should…do…?
will
意愿,决心
请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉
willnot/won’tdo
Will/Would…do…?
Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
would
wouldnot/wouldn’tdo
dare
敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
darenot/daren’tdo
Dare…do…?
Yes,…dare.
No,…daren’t.
need
需要,必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
neednot/needn’tdo
Need…do…?
Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.
usedto
过去常常(现在已不再)
usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttodo
didn’tusetodo
Used…todo…?
Did…usetodo…?
Yes,…used.
No,…use(d)n’t.
Yes,…did.
No,…didn’t.
II.情态动词的重点知识
表示“能力、许可”的can和may
表示能力的情态动词用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.mustn’t
C.maynotD.mightnot
表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以,但在问句中用could…?
或might…?
以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可)。
①—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?
—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
②Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/may
C.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybut
Everyone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.would
C.couldD.wasableto
表示“推断、判断”的can
may,must
在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。
在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:
Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
在否定句中只能用can和may。
所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t,语气比may更肯定。
中文可以翻译为不可能。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must。
Hemaybeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
need
need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。
dare
dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式:
dare和dared两个词形,除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhe
daresay.
注意:
Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.(否定句)
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
(疑问句)
shall
用于第一人称:
征求对方的意见。
Whatshallwedothisevening?
用于第二、三人称:
警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.警告
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.允诺
Heshallbepunished.威胁
should
劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。
Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.
Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.
will/would
请求、建议,would比will委婉客气。
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
表示意志、愿望和决心。
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.(伤口老是不能愈合)
would表示估计或猜想。
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
情态动词+havedone的用法
could+havedone:
本可以做而实际上未能做。
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
cannot+havedone:
表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
can+主语+havedone:
表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定(用在疑问句中)。
Canhehavegotthebook?
might(may)+havedone:
对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
must+havedone:
对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。
其否定式为:
cannothavedone。
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
needn’t+havedone:
本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:
didn’tneedto(haveto)do:
没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
should(oughtto)+havedone:
本来应该做而实际上又没有做。
其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,
forIworkedtouseit.
注意:
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.(表推测)
虚拟语气
类别
用法
例句
If引导的
条件从句
与现在事实相反
从句动词:
过去式(be用were)
主句动词:
should/would/could/might+do
Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反
从句动词:
had+done
主句动词:
should/would/could/might+have+done
IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反
从句动词:
过去式/should+动词原形/were+todo
主句动词:
should/would/could/might+动词原形
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
省略if的虚拟条件句
将虚拟条件从句中的were,had,should放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装
①Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.
WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.
HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
混合虚拟条件句
不同时间的虚拟:
各遵守各的规则
①Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.
虚拟与陈述的混合:
各遵守各的规则
①Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
含蓄虚拟
条件句
butfor+名词表示虚拟条件
句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。
这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。
---Butforyourtimelywarning,we______intogreattrouble.
---Youknowwe’refriends.
A.wouldget
B.musthavegot
C.wouldhavegot
D.can’thavegot
without+名词虚拟条件
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
动词不定式虚拟条件
Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.
现在分词表示虚拟条件
Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.
过去分词表示虚拟条件
Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.
副词otherwise表示虚拟条件
Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.
连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件
He_____fatterbutheeatstoolittle.
A.wouldbecome
B.wouldhavebecome
C.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome
其它
状语从句
asif/asthough引导的状语从句中动词用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。
注意:
asif/though引导从句中也可以用陈述语气:
当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时:
Itsoundsasifitisraining.听起来像是在下雨。
Hetalksasifheisdrunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
①与现在事实相反
Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.
与过去事实相反
HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.
与将来事实相反
Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.
inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+do
Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.
宾语从句
demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+do
Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.
wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在,过去和将来情况相反
IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.
IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.
主语从句
在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…
Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中,
谓语动词用should+do
Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.
其它
句型中
Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+do
It’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.
wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式
Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.
Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望
Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!
1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.
A.haveread B.hadreadC.shouldhaveread D.arereading
2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.
A.come;wouldmeet B.hadcome;wouldhavemet
C.come;willmeet D.hadcome;wouldmeet
3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.
A.shouldbe B.wouldbeC.havebeen D.hadbeen
4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.
A.speak B.spokeC.willspeak D.tospeak
5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.
A.was B.were C.hasbeen D.hadbeen
6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot_____.
A.havelaidtherefortwohours B.havebeenliedtherefortwohours
C.haveliedtherefortwohours D.havelaintherefortwohours
7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.
A.went B.couldgoC.havegone D.couldhavegone
8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagain,how_____feel?
A.willyou B.shouldyouC.wouldyou D.doyou
9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.
A.knew B.knowsC.hasknown D.hadknown
10._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.
A.Becauseof B.InspiteofC.Incaseof D.Butfor
11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.
A.wouldmeet B.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemet D.wouldhavemeet
12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.
A.teaches B.willteachC.hastaught D.wouldteach
13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.
A.hadbeen B.wereC.was D.wouldbe
14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.
A.shouldfallbehind B.fellbehindC.mayfallbehind D.wouldfallenbehind
17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.
A.notwent B.won’tgoC.notgo D.nottogo
20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.
A.gotosleep B.wenttosleepC.gotobed D.wenttobed
23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.Wouldheleave B.WasheleavingC.Werehetoleave D.Ifheleaves
1. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you ______________________________(就看到了美丽的塔)in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)
2. Were ____________________________(下雨)tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)
3. Which doctor ______________________________ (你建议请来)immediately?
(suggest)
4. It___________________