英语专业毕业论文范文模板完整版.docx

英语专业毕业论文范文模板完整版.docx

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英语专业毕业论文范文模板完整版

ContrastiveStudyofChineseandWesternCulturesfromthePerspectiveofDocumentariesthemedin"China'sDevelopment"

WangWeiqian

AThesisSubmittedas

aPartialFulfillmentfortheDegreeof

B.A.inEnglish

CollegeofForeignLanguagesHebeiNormalUniversityofScienceandTechnology

May19th,2016

摘要

改革开放以来，中国经济的突飞猛进，一路高歌吸引了世界的眼光。

"中国题材"的纪录片成为世界各国感兴趣的主题。

中国和外国都各自推出了记录中国近些年发展的纪录片。

目前国内外对纪录片的研究，几乎都限于纪录片的理论研究与创作研究，而研究中西纪录片展现的文化差异非常少见。

本文从叙事方法、叙事关注点、叙述者口吻表现出的差异性入手，对比中西方“中国发展”题材纪录片以探究差异的文化渊源。

通过对比发现:

西方“中国发展”题材纪录片叙事方法角度更广泛；叙事更关注于个体情况；叙事口吻平等化。

主要原因在于中西方文化价值观的差异。

中国农耕文化基础上的集中制导致中国人思想具有一元性特征，儒家思想使国人更追求集体主义价值取向。

相反，西方文化属于多元文化，受古希腊文明和两次思想解放运动深刻影响的西方个人主义则根植于西方人头脑中，他们更关注个人思想，注重个人独立。

关键词：

中国发展；纪录片；文化差异

Abstract

Sincethereformandopeningup,theeconomyinChinadevelopssoquicklythatitdrawstheeyesoftheworld.AnddocumentariesthemedinChinahavebecomeverypopular.ChinaandtheWestbothhavelaunchedthedocumentarieswhichnarrateandelaboratethedevelopmentofChinabecauseofthegreatachievementChinamaderecentyears.

Atpresent,domesticandforeignresearchesondocumentaryarealmostaboutthetheoryofdocumentaryandcreationresearchwhilethecontrastivestudiesoftheWesternandChineseculturesfromtheperspectiveofdocumentaryarerelativelyrare.Thisthesisintendstocomparethewesterndocumentariesthemedin"China'sDevelopment"toChineseonestoanalyzetheculturediversitybetweentheWestandChinafromtheaspectofnarrativemethod,narrativefocusandnarrativetone.Basedoncontrastivestudy,itcanbefoundthatthewesternonesaremorediverseinnarrativemethod;theystressindividualismandtheirnarrativetonesareequality-basedwhilethatofChineseareauthority-based.ThatcanbeaccountedforthedifferencesofChineseandWesterncultures.ChinesecentralismbasedonthefarmingcultureleadstomonisminChinesemind,andduetoancientclanandConfucianism,peoplepursuecollectivism.Onthecontrary,theWesterncultureischaracterizedbymulticulturalism,andindividualisminfluencedbytheancientGreecethoughtsandtwoideologicalliberationmovementsisdeeplyrootedinwesterners'minds.Theyattachimportancetopersonalideasandindividual'sindependence.

Keywords:

China'sdevelopment;documentary;culturedifference

TableofContents

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1Statementoftheproblem

Documentaryisnotonlyakindoftelevisionartformwhichrecordstherichandsplendidculture,butalsoregardedasapartofhumanculture.Scholarshavemadealotofcontributionstotheresearchesondocumentary,andpromotedthefurtherprosperityofthedocumentaryduringtheprocessofitsnaissance,developmentandevolution.However,theresearchesontheinfluenceofculturalbackgroundsandthenationalcultureonthedocumentaryarenotsufficient,andevenlessconcerningthecontractivestudyoftheWesternandChinesedocumentaryculture.

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,Chinastandsintheeyesoftheworldwiththeimageofagiant,andanumberofdocumentariesthatthemedinChina'sdevelopmentaremade.Forthedifferencesofthevaluesanddiverseculturepatterns,therearegreatdifferencesbetweenWesternandChinesedocumentaries.Thatprovidesthequestionforthisthesis:

WhatarethedistinctiveculturedifferencesfromtheperspectiveofWesternandChinesedocumentaries?

ThethesistakestwoChinesedocumentariesandtwoWesterndocumentariesasexamplestoexploretheculturaldifferencesinaspectsofnarrativemethod,narrativefocusandnarrativetone.

1.2Significanceofthestudy

ThecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternculturehasalwaysbeentheproblemsforscholarstostudy,whileitisoriginaltoexplorethecontrastfromtheangelofthedocumentary.ChinesemainstreammediarecordsandpraiseseveryaspectofthedevelopmentincontemporaryChina.MeanwhiletheWestalsoshowsanincreasinglypowerfulChinafromitsownperspective.AndviewerscanknowtheimageofChinaineyesoftheWesterns,andhaveapreliminaryunderstandingoftheinfluencebroughtbyculturalvaluesondocumentary.TheycanacquireabetterunderstandingofdifferencesChineseandWesternculture.

1.3Outlineofthethesis

ThisthesisintendstostudytheWesternandChinesedocumentaryfromtheperspectiveofculturalvalues.Thewholepassagecanbedividedintofiveparts:

Thefirstchapteristheintroduction,whichinvolvesthestatementoftheproblem,thesignificanceofthestudyandtheoutlineofthethesis.

Inchaptertwo,itistheliteraturereviewwhichelaboratesthestudiesonthevalueorientations,thecontrastiveresearchesonWesternandChinesecultureandvaluesandsomeculturalstudiesondocumentary.

ChapterthreeistostudythedifferencesofChineseandWesterndocumentariesthemedin"ChinaDevelopment"fromtheperspectiveofnarrativemethod,narrativefocusandnarrativetone.

Inthefourthchapter,theauthorexplorestheculturalreasonsofChineseandWesterndocumentaries.

Thefifthchapteristheconclusionofthewholethesis,whichinvolvesthemainfindingsandsomequestionsrequiringfurtherstudies.

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview

ThischaptergivesageneraloverviewofthestudiesofWesternandChineseculturesanddocumentaries.Itbeginswithwesternscholars'studiesofculture.Then,itshowsChinesescholars'studiesofthedifferencesbetweenWesternandChineseculturepatternsandsomeculturalstudiesonthedocumentary.

2.1Researchesabroad

Theconnotationandfunctionofcultureisthefocusofculturestudies.Andthisisapropositioninthefaceofallthecomparativeculturalstudies.Whatismore,forChineseandWesternscholars,valuedimensionsareusedtomeasurethedifferenceswhencomparingtheWesternandChinesecultures.

2.1.1Definitionofculture

Edward.B.Taylor,Britain'sfamousanthropologist,isthefirstscholartosummarizeandepitometheculturalphenomenafromtheangleofanthropology.InhisPrimitiveCulture,he（1871）definesculture is"thatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety"（qtdinXu,2009:

17）.Taylor'sdefinitionofcultureisofgreatsignificanceintheacademicfield,whichopensupabroaderfieldofvisionforthestudyofculture.

2.1.2Studiesofculturalvalues

Valuesarecloselyrelatedtoculture.Therefore,uniquevaluesandorientationscanbeexploredfromdifferentcultures.Thestudyofvaluesbeganin1930s.Sofar,theresearchonthevaluesofforeignscholarshasbeenveryrich.Oneclassificationofculturalpatternswhichhasbeenveryinfluential,isthatofKluckhohnandStrodtbeck's.

KluckhohnandStrodbecksingledoutfivevaluesorientationfromdifferentcultures:

HumanNature（peopleareregardedasbasicallygood,evil,ormixed）;RelationshiptoNature（therelationshipcanbeclassifiedintothreekindthathumansovernature,natureoverhuman,orharmonywithnature）;SenseofTime（primaryvalueplacedonpast/tradition,present/enjoyment,orfuture/posterity/delayedgratification）;Activity（being,becoming/innerdevelopment,ordoing/striving/industriousness）;andSocialRelationships（hierarchical,collateral/collective-egalitarian,orindividualistic）（Kluckhohn&Strodtbeck,1961）.InAnnalsofTourismResearch,LeahWatkins&JuergenGnoth（2011）presentsexplanationaboutthefivevaluesorientations:

"KluckhohnandStrodtbeck'sfiveculturalassumptionstogetherconstituteaframeworkforunderstandingworld-views.Aworld-viewisaculture'sorientationtowardshumanity,nature,theuniverse,life,death,andotherphilosophicalissuesthatinfluencehowweseetheWorld."（p.1293）.

WhencomparingChineseandwesternvalueorientations,itisgenerallyconsideredthat"thetraditionalWesternbeliefaboutSocialRelationshipiseachpersonisseenasautonomousandseparate"and"Membersofindividualistculturesvalueself-reliance"（Davis,2006:

191-192）.

2.2ResearchesinChina

ManyChinesescholarstrendtodirectlyapplytheKluckhohnandStrodbeck'sSocialRelationshipvalueorientationstocross-culturalstudies.SomestudiesinvestigatethediversevaluesinthecontrastofChineseandWesterncultures.Peoplewhostudythedocumentarygraduallyshifttheirattentionfrompurehistoryandcreationskillstotheculturalelementscontainedindocumentaries.

2.2.1ThestudiesofChineseandWesterncultures

AccordingtoProfessorXuXingyan,ontheculturalform,Chinesecultureisunifiedwhilewesterncultureisdiversified.Chinahasbeenastrongindependentagriculturalnationfromancienttimes.Althoughtherewasnomadiccultureatthesametimes,however,"ItisonlyonesideoftheChineseculturewhichcannotchangethebasicnatureoftheChineseculturebasedonfarming".Andancientauthoritarianrulewasbasedonthiskindofeconomy.Underthekindofeconomyandtheancientdespotism,theunityofideologyisdeeplyrootedinthemindsofpeople（Xu,2009:

36-37）.

ThewesterncultureoriginsfromancientGreekandRomanculture,concentratedintheMediterranean.Andtheterritoriesofthemarecomposedofmanyisolatedislands.AgricultureintheislandsisnotasdevelopedastheEastRiverBasin,becauseofthelackoffood,peopleneedtobuyfromthecoastofEgyptandtheBlackSea,sothewesterncommercialcivilizationdeveloped.Andthenonslaverydemocraticpoliticswasformedunderthisgeographicalconditions（ibid,:

40）.

AccordingtoZhuZhixian（1989）inPsychologyDictionary,valuesisdefinedaslogic,science,art,moral,aesthetic,religiousprinciples,beliefsandstandardwhichpromoteandguideapersontotakedecisionsandactions,andthecoreo