精选备考高考题库《阅读理解15》.docx

精选备考高考题库《阅读理解15》.docx

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精选备考高考题库《阅读理解15》

精选备考高考题库《阅读理解（15）》

（含详解）：

备战2012高考，精选阅读试题，适合高三第一轮复习使用，希望对大家有帮助。

第一周

ZhangHengwasaChinesemathematician，astronomerandgeographerlivingAD100～200intheEasternHanDynasty.Hewroteagreatdealofliteraryworks，whichgainedhimconsiderablefame（名声）asayoungman.Heservedseveralpositionsinthegovernment，buthelaterrefusedtoserveinthegovernmentandspenttherestoflifefarawayfromthecapitalcity，wherehespentalmostallofhistimeonscientificstudies.

ThereweremanyfalsescientifictheoriesabouttheuniverseandEarthatthattime.Histheorywaslookeddownuponbecauseitwasquitedifferentfromwhatpeopleusuallyheld.Hisideaoftheuniversewas:

theskyislikeaneggandtheEarthisliketheyolkoftheegg，floatingaloneinthecentreoftheuniverse.

IntheyearofAD132，ZhangHenginventedtheseismoscopeforpredictingandmeasuringearthquakes.Suchadevicewasn’tcreatedinEuropeuntil1,600yearslaterinFrance.

Afteryearsofobservingthesky，ZhangHengwasabletodrawaverydetailedmapofthestars.Hisstarmapshowed124constellations（星群）withatotalof2,500stars,320ofwhichwerebrightstarswithknownnamesasoftoday.Healsogaveproperexplanationtotheworldforthefirsttimeonthemooneclipse（月食）．

Zhangwasalsoafamousandtalentedpoetandwrotemorethantwentybeautifulpoems.HehascontinuedtheinfluenceonancientChineseculture.HisworkstitledDongJingGlimpseandXiJingGlimpsehavelivelydescribedaboutthelocalcultureandfolkartperformancesinthecitiesofXi’anandLuoyang.

1．BesidesbeingafamousChinesemathematician，ZhangHengwasalsoafamous________.

a．astronomer　b．geographer　c．historian　d．poet　

e．politician

A．abcdB．abdC．bcdD．abde

2．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．ZhangHengwasthefirstpersontodrawamapofthestarsintheworld.

B．Europeanpeopledidn’tknowhowtopredictearthquakesinthe18thcentury.

C．DongJingGlimpseandXiJingGlimpsearemainlyaboutthecultureofChina.

D．Chinesepeoplefirstknewwhytherewasmooneclipseabout1,800yearsago.

3．Theunderlinedword“considerable”inParagraph1means________.

A．complexB．importantC．horribleD．much

4．Itcanbeinferredinthepassagethat________.

A．ZhangHengwasfamousallovertheworldduringhislateyears　

B．ZhangHeng’sideaabouttheuniversewasprovedwrongbypeopleofhistime

C．the320starsofthe124constellationswerenamedbyZhangHeng

D．ZhangHengpreferredtoworkonscientificstudiesratherthantoserveinthe

government

5．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A．SomeofZhangHeng’sfamoustheories.

B．AbriefintroductiontotheancientChinesescientistZhangHeng.

C．HowZhangHengmadesomeofhisimportantdiscoveries.

D．AbriefintroductiontoZhangHeng’simportantinventions.

【解题导语】本文介绍了我国东汉时期著名的天文学家、地理学家、文学家和诗人——

张衡。

1．解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句和最后一段第一句可知。

答案：

B

2．解析：

推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句可推断中国人在张衡生活的那个时候就知道

了日食原理。

答案：

D

3．解析：

词义猜测题。

根据whichgainedhim的语境可知张衡的那些文学作品在他年轻

的时候给他赢得了很多声誉。

答案：

D

4．解析：

推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句可推知。

答案：

D

5．解析：

主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文是关于中国汉代的著名科学家张衡的简介。

答案：

B

Whatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?

Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestion，youhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbiotechnology（生物技术）．Withthehelpofnewmedicine，thehumanbodywilllastaverylongtime.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents，murderandwar.Today’sleadingkillers，suchasheartdisease，cancer，andagingitself，willbecomedistantmemories.

Indiscussionoftechnologicalchanges，theInternetgetsmostoftheattentionthesedays.Butthechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes.Howlongcanhumanslive?

Humanbrainswereknowntodecidethefinaldeath.Cellsarethebasicunitsofalllivingthings，anduntilrecently，scientistsweresurethatthelifeofcellscouldnotgomuchbeyond120yearsbecausethebasicmaterialsofcells，suchasthoseofbraincells，wouldnotlastforever.Buttheupperlimitswillbebrokenbynewmedicine.Sometimebetween2050and2100，medicinewillhaveadvancedtothepointatwhichevery10yearsorso，peoplewillbeabletotakemedicinetorepairtheirorgans.Themedicine，madeupofthebasicbuildingmaterialsoflife，willbuildnewbraincells，heartcells，andsoon，inmuchthesamewayourbodiesmakenewskincellstotaketheplaceofoldones.

Itisexcitingtoimaginethattheadvanceintechnologymaybechangingthemostbasicconditionofhumanexistence，butmanytechnicalproblemsstillmustbecleareduponthewaytothiswonderfulfuture.

1．Accordingtothepassage，humandeathisnowmainlycausedby________.

A．diseasesandagingB．accidentsandwar

C．accidentsandagingD．heartdiseaseandwar

2．Intheauthor’sopinion，today’smostimportantadvanceintechnologyliesin________.

A．medicineB．theInternet

C．braincellsD．humanorgan

3．Humansmaylivelongerinthefuturebecause________.

A．heartdiseasewillbefarawayfromus

B．humanbrainscandecidethefinaldeath

C．thebasicmaterialsofcellswilllastforever

D．humanorganscanberepairedbynewmedicine

4．Howlongcanhumansliveinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?

A．Over100years.B．Morethan120years.

C．About150years.D．Thepassagedoesn’ttellus.

5．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.

A．humanlifewillnotlastmorethan120yearsinthefuture

B．humanshavetotakemedicinetobuildnewskincellsnow

C．muchneedstobedonebeforehumanscanhavealongerlife

D．wehavealreadysolvedthetechnicalproblemsinbuildingnewcells

【解题导语】本文主要讲述了人类的生命由于生物技术的发展可以无限期延长的愿望有

可能成为现实。

1．解析：

细节理解题。

由文章第一段最后一句得知，今天主要的杀手，如心脏病、癌症、

年老将会成为遥远的记忆。

答案：

A

2．解析：

细节理解题。

第二段前两句的意思是说“在讨论技术变化时，人们往往注意

到的是网络。

然而药学方面的变化可能是当今真正技术方面的大事件”，故选A项。

答案：

A

3．解析：

推理判断题。

由第二段的后半部分可知，在2050～2100期间，每隔10年左右，

人们可以通过吃药来修整生病的或衰老的器官，这应是未来长生不老的原因。

答案：

D

4．解析：

细节理解题。

阅读全文后得知，文章没有具体告诉我们人们将来能活多少年。

答案：

D

5．解析：

推理推断题。

由最后一段得知，想象一下将来技术的发展改变了人类最基本的

生存条件，真是让人兴奋，但想达到美好的将来还有很多技术问题要澄清。

答案：

C

第二周

“Luckisamatterofpreparationmeetingopportunity，”saidtheAmericantalkshowhostOprahWinfrey.I’veneverwatchedhershow,butwhenaself-madebillionairegiveslifeadviceit’sprobablyworthlisteningto.

Herpointisthatblindluckisveryrare.Youmayhavetobeluckytofindagoodjobthesedaysbutthatdoesnotmeanyoushouldsitathomewaitingfortheopportunitytocometoyou.Ifyou’reaChinese，youmayalreadybefamiliarwiththetaleofafarmerwaitingbyatreestump（树桩）forarabbittorunoutandbreakitsneck.

AbookbytheUKpsychologistRichardWiseman,calledTheLuckFactor,argueswecanallmakeourselvesluckier.It’snotaboutgoingtoatempletoburnsomeincense（香）inhopesthatthegodswillgiveyougoodfortune;it’spracticaladviceyoucanfolloweachday.

Wisemanconductedanexperimentaspartofhisstudies.Firsthedividedvolunteersintotwogroups：

thosewhosaidtheywereluckyinlifeandthosewhosaidtheywerenot.Hegaveeveryoneanewspaperandaskedthemtolookthroughittocounthowmanyphotographsithadinside.Onaverage,theunluckypeopletookabouttwominutestocountthephotographswhiletheluckypeopletookjustseconds.Why?

Onthesecondpageofthenewspaper,acommand,“Stopcounting.Thereare43photographsinthisnewspaper，”waswritteninbigletters.Theunluckypeoplemostlydidnotspotthemessage.

It’seasytocomparethissituationtoayoungpersonlookingforjobsinalocalpaper.Theymightsearchsohardforonetypeofpositionthattheymissanevenbetteropportunity.Peoplewhoare“lucky”，infact,keepanopenmindanddon’tgothroughthesameroutineeveryday.

IfirstcametoChinain2002whenitwasconsideredaratherstrangethingtodo.Likemanyforeigners，myplanwastoteachEnglishforoneyear.Sevenyearslater,andstillhere,I’vehadmanygreatopportunitiessuchaswritingfornewspapersandmagazines.Ididnotdreamthesewouldhavebeenpossible.I’vealsoneverbeensick,hadanaccident,gotintoafightorhadproblemswiththepolice.Coincidence?

AfterreadingaboutProfessorWiseman’sstudiesIthinknot.

AsWisemanadvises,Iusuallytrustmyownjudgment.Yourfriendsandparentsmaygiveyouadvicebasedonrationalthinking,butit’simportanttoconsiderhowyoufeelabouteachchoiceyoumake.Yourfeelingactsasawarningforapotentialproblem.

Finally,trytoturnbadluckintogood.Evenifyoudofalldownandbreakaleg,thetimespentathomecanbeusedwiselytostudyEnglish.

[语篇解读]　本文为议论文。

作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。

身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。

每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。

1．Whichofthefollowingproverbsmostagreeswiththewriter’spoint?

A.Makethebestofabadjob.

B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.

C.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.

D.Agoodheartconquersillfortune.

[解析]　推理判断题。

Makethebestofabadjob意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明”，与最后一段作者的观点“trytoturnbadluckintogood（把厄运变好运）”最为接近。

故答案为A。

Romewasnotbuiltinaday意为“伟业非一日可成”；Allisnotgoldthatglitters意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子”；Agoodheartconquersillfortune意为“善心克厄运”。

[答案]　A

2．WhatdoyouknowaboutOprahWinfrey?

A.Shebecamefamousthroughherfamilybackground.

B.Shewasveryluckyandseldomsufferedsetbacksinherlife.

C.SheisaBritishtalkshowhost.

D.Shebecamesuccessfulbyherowneffort.

[解析]　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的aself-madebillionaire可知美国talkshow主持人oprahWinfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成名的。

[答案]　D

3．ThewriterquotedtheChinesetaleofafarmerinordertoshow________.

A.luckisinyourownhand

B.badluckcanturnintogood

C.youshouldnotsitathomewaitingfortheopportunitytocometoyou

D.mancanconquernature

[解析]　推理判断题。

根据第二段内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔”的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临”的观点。

[答案]　C

4．FromtheexperimentWisemandrewtheconclusionthat________.

A.luckypeoplearequick-minded

B.u