大学英语3第二次作业题及答案doc.docx
《大学英语3第二次作业题及答案doc.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语3第二次作业题及答案doc.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
大学英语3第二次作业题及答案doc
第2次作业
一、阅读理解(本大题共100分,共5小题,每小题20分)1.
Prehistoricmenandwomenenjoyedamorevarieddietthanpeopledonow,sincetheyatespeciesofplantandseveralhundredsthousandstypesoflivingthings.Butonlyatinypercentageofthesewereeverdomesticated.Modernshopshavehastenedatrendtowardsspecializationwhichbeganintheearliestdaysofagriculture.Thefoodoftherichcountrieshasbecomecheaperrelativetowages.Itisspeedilydistributedinsupermarkets.Butthechoiceannuallybecomeslessandlessgreat.Evenindividualfoodsthemselvesbecomemorestandardized.Weliveintheworldofcarrotspeciallybluntedinordertoavoidmakingaholeinthebag,andthetomatogrowntomeetademandforastandardweightofweightingtomatoestoakilo.SirivonReisasks:
"Onlythethreemajorcereals(谷物类食物)andperhapstenotherwidelycultivatedspeciesstandbetweenfamineandsurvivalfortheworld"shumanpopulationandahandfulofdrugplantshasservedWesterncivilizationforseveralthousandyears.Aratherobviousquestionarises:
Arewemissingsomething?
”Afterall,thereare800000speciesofplantonearth.
(1).Tnprehistorictimespeople.
A.atemuchmorethanwedotoday
B.livedmainlyonplantfood
C.hadawide-rangingdiet
D.weremorefussyaboutwhattheyate
(2).
Mostofushavecometoexpect
A.
novariationinourdiet
B.areductioninfoodsupplies
C.aspecialistdiet
D.
foodconformingtoasetstandard
(3).Thespecializationoffoodwasstartedby
A.
B.
C.
D.
theemergenceofsupermarketstheriseofagriculturetherichcountriesthemodernshops(4).
Accordingtothepassage,peopleintheWesttodaysurviveon.
A.carrotsandtomatoes
B.severalthousandtypesofplantsandcereals
c.
averysmallnumberofcultivatedfoods
D.specialspeciesplantedonethousandyearsago
(5).Theconclusionseemstobethatwe.
A.
couldmakeuseofmorenaturalspecies
B.don'tcultivatetherightkindoffood
c.
producemorefoodthanweneed
D.
cultivatetoomanydifferentspecies
2.
humanbodyisdistributed(分布)intwodifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargechestandnowaistline(腰身),lookingratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,lookingmorelikepears.
DoctorsinCambridge,Englandhavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfat(脂肪)distribution.Theyfindthatthepear-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthantheapple-shapedfatpeople.Whatseemstobemostimportantisnothowmuchfatyouhavebutwhereyouhaveit.Thedoctorsmeasuredtheapple-shapedwomenandpeai,--shapedwomenwithX-rayscanners(X光扫描器).Humanbeings
havetwotypesoffat:
oneisoutsidefat,thatisthefatbelowtheskin,andtheotherisinsidefatthatliesinsidethebody.UsingtheX-rayscanners,thedoctorsfoundthatthe“apples”havealargeamountofinsidefat.
Tfthisinsidefatismuchmorethanoutsidefat,itwi11probablycausehealthproblemssuchasobesity(月巴月半症).Thebesttreatmentforobesityistoreducetheinsidefat.Butunfortunatelydiettreatment(饮食疗法)simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoeffectivewayofreducingtheinsidefat.
(1).
Accordingtotherelationbetweenhealthandfatness
A.
apple-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthanpear-shapedpeople
B.
it'sbettertobeapple-shapedthantobepear-shaped
c.
it'sbettertobepear-shapedthantobeapple-shaped
D.fatnessisthemostdangerousenemytohealth
(2).Themostimportantthingaboutfatpeopleseemstobe
A.
B.
theknowledgeofwhichtypoofthefatpeopletheybelongto
C.
theamountoftheoutsidefattheyhave
D.
theplacewheretheyhavethefat
(3).
Thebasicreasonwhysomepeoplesufferfromobesityisthat•
A.
theytakeverylittleexerciseeveryday
B.
theyhavemuchmoreinsidefatthanisneeded
c.
theyareexaminedbyX-rayscannersquiteoften
D.
theyeattoomuch
(4).
Accordingtowhatismentionedinthepassage,thebesttreatmentforobesityatpresentis.
A.
toreducetheamountoffoodanddrinks
B.
tomakethebodyshapesmaller
C.
alreadyknowntothosepeopleintrouble
D.
stilltobefound.
3.
UniversityofArizonaresearcherDr.WilliamRathjisaysthatafterastudybasedonlookingintogarbagecans,theaveragefamilywastesatleast$150peryearinfood.
"Homemakersgooutoftheirwaytosavepenniesatthestoreandthendon'trealizethatwasteofedible(可食用的)foodsaddsupmuchmoreathomo,"saidDr.Rathji.Hewasoneofabout100foodexpertswhometinBoiseforaconferenceonfoodwasteandwaystopreventit.
Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetween8%and20%ofediblefoodatacostof$4.5billionperyear.That"salmostasmuchasthefederalgovernmentspendseveryyearforfoodstampsandchildnutritionprograms.
Hefoundthatfooditemswhicharecostlyandinshortsupplytendtobewastedmore.Duringthe1973meatshortage,meatwasteincreasedto9%,comparedwith3%in1974and1975.Sugarandsugarproductswastejumpedto19%in1975,whensugarpricesdoubledfromthepreviousyear.
Dr.Rathjitheorizesthathighpricesforceconsumerstoexperiment,sometimesbuyinlargequantities.Inthecaseofmeat,sometimeslow-pricedcutsforunappetizingvarietiesarepurchased,consumersthentendtowastemore.
Ilistheoryisthatthemorevarietyinfoodbought,themorewasted.Regularbreadiswastedatabouta10%rate,butspecialtybreadsandrollsarewastedata20%rate.
Ifpeopleareeatingthesamethingeveryday,theylearnhowtomanageit.Butifyou"retryingtopullsomethingoutofthecookbookeverynight,that'sboundtobesomewaste.
Anotherfindingisthatlowerincomefamilieswastelessfoodthanmiddleandupperincomefamilies.Andthestudyfoundthatdogfood,whichaccountsfor8%ofashoppingcart,israrelywasted.Freshproduceandfrozenitemsarcmorelikelytobewasted.
Thestudyalsoshowedpeoplewiththemostknowledgeofsafe,ediblefoodwastetheleast.Muchfoodistossedoutbecauseahomemakersuspectsitisspoiledwhenitisnot.
(1).
Largequantitiesoffoodarethrownoutbecauseahomemaker.
A.
thinkstheyarenotdelicious
B.
saystheytastebitterandhot
C.thinkstheysmellbad
D.suspectstheyarespoiledwhentheyarenot
(2).
Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetweenofediblefoodeveryyear.
A.5%〜8%
B.
8%-10%
B.20%〜28%
D.
8%—20%
(3).
Whensugarpricesdoubled,wasteofsugar.
A.
wentdown
B.wentup
c.
stayedthesame
D.wascutinhalf
(4).
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.
Americanhousewivesarenotgoodhomemakers.
B.
Upper-incomefamiliesaremorewastefulthanlower-incomeones.
c.
Americanfamiliesthrowawayalmostasmuchfoodastheyconsume.
D.
Americanswasteagreatdealofdogfood.
(5).
WhendoAmericanfamilieswastemorefood?
A.
Whenpricesarchigh.
B.Whenfoodisscarce.
c.
Whentheythinkitisspoiled.
D.Al1oftheabove.
4.
HarvardUniversitynamedhistorianDrewGilpinFaustasitsfirstfemalepresidentonSunday,endingalengthyandsecretivesearchtofindasuccessor(接任者)toLawrenceSummers.
Theseven-memberHarvardCorporationelectedFaust,anotedscholaronHistoryoftheAmericanSouthanddeanofHarvardsRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy,astheuniversity's28thpresident.
“Thisisagreatday,andahistoricdayforHarvard.”JamesR.Houghton,chairmanofthepresidentialsearchcommittee,saidinastatement."DrewFaustisaninspiringandaccomplishedleader,asuperbscholar,adedicated(献身的)teacher,andawonderfulhumanbeing."
HerselectionisnoteworthygiventheheateddebatesoverSummers'commentsthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenthesexesmighthelpexplainthelackofwomenintopsciencejobs.
FausthasbeendeanofRadcliffesince2001,twoyearsaftertheformerwomen"scollegewascombinedintotheuniversityasaresearchcenterwithamissiontostudygenderissues(性另ij问题).
Someprofessorshavequietlygrousedthatthe371-year-olduniversityisappointingafifthpresidentwhoisnotascientist.NoscientisthashadthetopjobsinceJamesBryantConantretiredin1953;itslastfourhavecomefromthefieldsofclassics,1aw,literatureandeconomics.
1,3,5
FaustisthefirstHarvardpresidentwhodidnotreceiveadegreefromtheuniversitysinceCharlesChauncy,agraduateofCambridgeUniversity,whodiedinofficein1762.SheattendedtheUniversityofPennsylvania.
“Teachingstaffturnedtoherconstantly.”saidSheldonHackney,aformerpresidentoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandhistorianwhoworkedcloselywithFaust."She'sveryclear.Shehasasenseofhumor,butshe'sverystrong-minded.Youcometotrustinherbecauseshe'ssosolid."
(1).
A.
Sheisthe28thpresidentofHarvardUniversity.
B.
SheisafamousscholarfromtheAmericanSouth.
c.
Sheisn'tagraduatefromHarvardUniversity.
D.
ShewasheadofRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy.
(2).
LawrenceSummersheldtheviewthat.
A.
womencannotachieveasmuchasmeninmanagement
B.
womencannotholdimportantpositionsinsociety
c.
womencanmatchmeninsciencejobs
D.
fewwomenmaketopscientistsowingtogenes
(3).
Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.
Harvardnamedits1stfemalepresident.
B.
HistoryofHarvardUniversitychanged.
c.
Debatesonfemaleequalityended.
D.
DrewGiIpinFaust,afamouswomanhistorian.
(4).
Thispassageprobablyappearsina.
A.
biography
B.
personalletter
c.
researchpaper
D.
newspaperreport
5.
JessicaAlbarebelled(叛离)fromher"strict"parentswhenshewasjustfive.The29-year-oldactressadmitsherCatholic(天主教)educationmadeherwantto"br