冠词.docx
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冠词
冠词（人教版高三英语下册教学论文）
冠词（人教版高三英语下册教学论文）
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2012-05-1815:
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XUEKE8资源冠词
1.1冠词的定义
定冠词the相当于that的代词。
它的含义是特指和类指。
Thelionisroaring.指确定的某一只狮子。
Thelionisthekindofbeasts.指某一类动物。
不定冠词a/an来源于数词one,有单一的含义，也用于特指和类指。
Atigerhasescaped.指确定的某一只老虎。
Atigercanbedangerous.指任何一只老虎。
零冠词是名词前一种无形的冠词，即一般所谓不用冠词的场合。
许多专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词都用零冠词。
BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
Knowledgeispower.
Leadisheavierthaniron.
1.2冠词的基本用法
1）在单形可数名词前可用定冠词或不定冠词。
2）复形可数名词前可用定冠词或零冠词
3）不可数名词前可用定冠词或零冠词。
4）专有名词前用零冠词。
1.3冠词的位置
冠词置于名词之前，如遇形容词修饰，冠词则置于形容词之前。
但下列情况，冠词位置有所变化:
1）形容词前有so,as,too,how时，不定冠词a须置于形容词之后、名词之前：
Itwassowarmaday.
TheyareashappyacoupleasI’veeverseen.
Itwastoogoodachancetobemissed.
Iknowhowgreatalaborhehadundertaken.
2）指示代词such和感叹词what总是置于不定代词a之前。
Howeverdidyoumakesuchamistake?
Ineversawsuchabeautifulcoloronmymother’sfacebefore.
Whatapity!
3）many可置于不定冠词之前，后跟单形名词。
Ihavebeentheremanyatime.
4）副词quite和rather可置于不定冠词a之前，也可置于其后。
You’requiteawoman,littleFran.你真不一般，小Fran.
It’sratherapity.
That’saquitesurprisingresult.
He’saratherhardman.
5）不定代词all,both和副词double须置于定冠词the之前。
Allthebirdswereasleep.
both后的定冠词可以省略。
Both（the）menweretalkinginlowvoices.
all后是否要用定冠词，由定冠词的一般规则决定。
Allchildrenhavetogotoschooloneday.所有孩子有一天都得去上学（类指）
Allthechildrenoftheboardingschoolwereinbed.寄宿学校的全体孩子都睡了。
（特指）
6）half和twice均置于不定冠词a和定冠词the之前。
You’veonlyheardhalfthestory.
7）nota（n）+CN.
Notastudentlikesit.（不止一个）
定冠词
2.1定冠词用于类名词
定冠词可以用于单形类名词表单念。
特指
Staresaresparklingoutthereovertheriver.
定冠词也可以用于复形类名词表复念。
ThiswasJuly,andthefieldsweregreen.
定冠词还用于一些常用复形的类名词，却表单念。
IntwodaysIwasagainbackontheoutskirtsofLondon.
2.2定冠词用于集体名词
定冠词可用于集体名词，不论单形或复形，皆表复念。
Membersofthepressweren’tallowedintothemeeting.
2.3定冠词用于物质名词
定冠词可用于单形物质名词，一般无数念。
也可用于一些有复形的物质名词，表复念或无数念。
Milkfromwhichthecreamhasbeentakeniscalledskim-milk.
Theairisveryclearaftertherains.
2.4定冠词用于抽象名词
定冠词可用于单形抽象名词，无数念或表单念，也可用于复形抽象名词，表各种数念。
Theideaofthegameistohittheballoverthenet
Helaidthefoundationsofhissuccessbyhardwork.
2.5定冠词用于名词化的词
定冠词可以用于名词化的动名词、形容词、过去分词、序数词、国籍的形容词等
Howaboutthelivingthere?
Thebeautifulcanneverdie.
Shesaidshewasjustafraidoftheunknown.
Hewasthesecondtobechosen.
themissing失踪的人theinjured伤者thewounded伤员
TheFrencharefamousfortheirfood.
***theFrench/theEnglish,etc.arepluralinmeaning.Youcannotsay‘aFrench/anEnglish’.Youhavetosay‘aFrenchman/anEnglishman’etc.Youcanalsousethe+nationalitywordsendingin-ese（theChinese/theSudaneseetc.）Thesewordscanalsobesingular（aChinese,aSudanese,etc）
anItalian
（the）Italians
aMexican
（the）Mexicans
aScot
（the）Scots
aTurk
（the）Tuks
2.6定冠词用于专有名词
定冠词用于单形或复形专有名词
TheCairoliesontheeastbankoftheNile.
TheBalticSeaisstormyinwinter.波罗的海
TheUnitedNationsOrganizationwasfoundedin1945.
HaveyouvisitedtheexhibitionofsomemasterpiecesofthegreatpaintersoftheRenaissance?
TheBlackslivedinthenext-doorhouse.
定冠词用于专有名词可以：
1）表人名：
用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇两人
TheEmperorNapoleon/theJudgeHarris/theoldShakespeare/theyoungShakespeare/thelatePremierZhou/theBrowns/theMissesShaw肖家姐妹/theGermans
2）表地名:
江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊、群岛、海峡
theHudsonRiver/theThames=theriverThames/theMississippiValley/theSuezCanal运河/theMediterraneanSea/thePacific（Ocean）/theAtlanticOcean/theIndianOcean/theArcticOcean/theAlps阿尔卑斯山脉/theHawaiianIslands/theAntarcticCircle/theEquator/theHague/theSahara/theNetherlands/theUnitedStates/theChannel（betweenFranceandBritain）/theRockies
3）表机关、团体、国名：
由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成的专有名词
Weuse‘the’innameswith‘republic’,‘Kingdom’‘States’etc.Weuse‘the’withpluralnamesofpeopleadplaces
theNetherlands/theBahamas/theBritishIsles/thePhilippins/theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland/theUnitedStatesofAmerica（theUSA）/theNationalPeople’sCongress/theSenate参议院/theHouseofRepresentatives众议院/theHouseofLords上议院/theHouseofCommons下议院/theDemocraticParty民主党/theRepublicanParty共和党/theConservativeParty保守党/theLabourParty/theFederalBureauofInvestigation=FBI/theCentralIntelligenceAgency=CIA/theAssociatedPress美联社/theUniversityofLondon=LondonUniversity/theUniversityofChicago/theBritishMuseum/theLondonZoo/theLouvrePalace卢浮宫/theWhiteHouse/theRoyalpalace/English=theEnglishlanguage
the+adj./name+noun
theHilton（Hotel）
National（Theatre）
Sahara（Desert）
Atlantic（Ocean）
Nameswith…of…,usuallyhave‘the’
Shops,restraints,hotels,banks,etc.arenamedafterthepeoplewhostartedthem.Thesenamesendin-‘sor–s.Wedonotuse‘the’.
McDonalds
NamesofCompany,airlineetc.arewithout‘the’
Sony/BritishAirways
4）表历史时期、事件等
theIronAge/theTudorDynasty/theTreatyofVersailles凡尔赛条约
5）表报刊书籍及其他
theTimes/theGuardian/theNewYorkTimes/theWashingtonPost/theEconomist/theAtlantic/theOdyssey奥德赛/theParadiseLost/theYorktown约克敦号（航空母舰）/theMercury墨丘利号（宇宙飞船）/theBible/theLord/theDevil魔王/theKoran古兰经
2.7定冠词用于固定短语
Inthemiddleofthenight,wefinallyreachedthatcity.
***prep.+the+noun.+of+…（noun:
middle/back/beginning/end/top/bottom/side）
Ifyoubehavesofoolishlyyoumustbereadytotaketheconsequences.自食其果
Itiscertainlyunreasonablethatsheshouldputtheblameonyou.归咎于
inthemorning/afternoon/evening;theotherday;inthedaytime
totellthetruth/withtheexceptionof除……之外/togotothetheater/tobreaktheice打破寂寞/tokeepthepeace维持治安/topickupthepieces收拾残局/toburnthemidnightoil开夜车/topassthebuck推卸责任/toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置/Strikewhiletheironishot/Thefatisinthefire.事情搞糟了/intheleast根本/inthedistance/intheway/onetheradio/onthewhole/ontheotherhand/atthesametime/atthemoment/forthetimebeing/onthephone
2.8指谈话双方都知道的人和事物
What’sinthepaperstoday?
2.9用在世界上独一无二的事物的名词前面（thesky/thesea/theground/thecountry/thewind/theworld/theNorthPole/theinternationalmarket/thefuture/thepast/thetravelindustry/theweather/theclimate/theatmosphere/thehumanrace/thepublic.theenvironment;wesay“space”without“the”whenwemean“spaceintheuniverse”）
Theearthgoesaroundthesun;themoongoesaroundtheearth.
There’sacoldwindblowingfromthenorth.
Shedreamtofafuturewhereshecouldspendmoretimepainting.
2.10用在方位名词前面
ChinaisintheeastofAsia.
thenorthofFrance=northernFrance
thesouth-eastofSpain=south-easternSpain
north/south,etc+placenamewithout‘the’
NorthAmerica/WestAfrica
***onthemaps,’the’isnotusuallyincludedinthename.
southern southwards （动态）
east/west/south/north
prep./vt.+the+n.
vi.+ad.
①ThemansaidthathesawaUFOflyingfrom/eastto/west.（from…to…zeroarticle）
②Iliveinthenorth,butIprefertomove/south.
③Thewindowofourclassroomfaces/;thesouth.
Thewindowofourclassroomfacestothesouth.
④/Eastofourcity,liesasmalltown.
Totheeastofourcity,liesasmalltown.
2.11用于序数词和形容词最高级的前面
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.
ItisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesthatIhavevisitedtheseyears.
2.12in+the+逢十的复数数词表示某个世纪的某个年代
Allofyouwereborninthe1980s/1980’s.
inthe21stcentury
inone’sthirties
2.13当接触人体某个部位时，人作宾语时，不为前面加顶冠词及介词
hit/beat/strike/wound/pat/take+sb.+prep.+the+partofbody
intheeyes/intheface/inthestomach/bythearm
beredintheface/belameintheleg/beblindintheeye
Theteacherpattedmeontheshoulder.
2.14用在乐器前面
Iliketoplaythepiano.
JohnDenverusedtosingtothe/a/hisguitar.
Inthecentreofthehallstandsawhitepiano.
2.15用于位置清楚地物品前
inaroom,wesay:
thelight/thedoor/thefloor/theceiling/thecarpet
Canyouturnoffthelight,please.（thelightinthisroom）
Imustgotothebanktogetsomemoney.
Ihategoingtothedentist/doctor.
2.16用于same,very,only前
Thesetwophotographsarethesame.
2.17Weusuallysaytheradio,buttelevision（without‘the’）
Weheardthenewsontheradio.
Wewatchedthenewsontelevision.
不定冠词
anhour;ahalf;aEuropeancountry;an800-metre-longroad
（1）Weuse‘a’beforewordsthatbeginwithaconsonantsound.Somewordsstartwithavowelletterbutbeginwithaconsonantsound,soweuse‘a’beforetheewords.
auniversity;aone-parentfamily
（2）Weuse‘an’beforewordsthatbeginwithavowelsoundincludingwordsthatbeginwithasilentletter‘h’.
anorange;anItalian;anumbrella;anhonestchild;anhounor
（3）AbbreviationssaidasindividuallettersthatbeginwithA,E,F,H,I,L,M,N,S,X,O,R.
anMP3;anFBIagent;anIOU;aNATO;aFIFA
3.1不定冠词用于类名词
不定冠词常用于单形类名词，表单念。
也可以用于一些常用复形名词，表单念。
类指
Givemeapost-card.
Acrossroadsisaplacewhereroadscross.
Apersonwantstomeetyouattheairport.
He’scomingbackinadayortwo.（表示一个）
3.2不定冠词用于集体名词
不定冠词可用于单形集体名词。
Iwasputinalargeclass.
3.3不定冠词用于物质名词
不定冠词可用于单形物质名词，表单念，用于复形物质名词也表单念。
Theyarealightvictuals.清淡的食物
Hehasagoodknowledgeofbiology.
astudyof…/anunderstandingof…/acollectionof…
3.4不定冠词用于抽象名词
1）不定冠词用于单形抽象名词
I’mquiteataloss.
2）不定冠词用于由动词转化来的抽象名词
Canyougivemealift,please?
Let’shaveatryatit.
3）不定冠词用于已转化成类名词的抽象名词
Sheisquiteabeauty.
Asayouth,hewasontheschoolteam.
4）不定冠词用于复形抽象名词,表单念
Wehavejustmovedin,sowe’reinabitofashambles.
抽象或物质名词具体化；表示数量一份；一场；一阵等等
Iwantabeer（一份）
acoldwind
3.5不定冠词用于名词化的词
1）名词化的动名词
Aknockingatthedoorwas
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